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Hoshi H, Ishii A, Shigihara Y, Yoshikawa T. Binocularly suppressed stimuli induce brain activities related to aesthetic emotions. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1339479. [PMID: 38855441 PMCID: PMC11159128 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1339479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aesthetic emotions are a class of emotions aroused by evaluating aesthetically appealing objects or events. While evolutionary aesthetics suggests the adaptive roles of these emotions, empirical assessments are lacking. Previous neuroscientific studies have demonstrated that visual stimuli carrying evolutionarily important information induce neural responses even when presented non-consciously. To examine the evolutionary importance of aesthetic emotions, we conducted a neuroscientific study using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure induced neural responses to non-consciously presented portrait paintings categorised as biological and non-biological and examined associations between the induced responses and aesthetic ratings. Methods MEG and pre-rating data were collected from 23 participants. The pre-rating included visual analogue scales for object saliency, facial saliency, liking, and beauty scores, in addition to 'biologi-ness,' which was used for subcategorising stimuli into biological and non-biological. The stimuli were presented non-consciously using a continuous flash suppression paradigm or consciously using binocular presentation without flashing masks, while dichotomic behavioural responses were obtained (beauty or non-beauty). Time-frequency decomposed MEG data were used for correlation analysis with pre-rating scores for each category. Results Behavioural data revealed that saliency scores of non-consciously presented stimuli influenced dichotomic responses (beauty or non-beauty). MEG data showed that non-consciously presented portrait paintings induced spatiotemporally distributed low-frequency brain activities associated with aesthetic ratings, which were distinct between the biological and non-biological categories and conscious and non-conscious conditions. Conclusion Aesthetic emotion holds evolutionary significance for humans. Neural pathways are sensitive to visual images that arouse aesthetic emotion in distinct ways for biological and non-biological categories, which are further influenced by consciousness. These differences likely reflect the diversity in mechanisms of aesthetic processing, such as processing fluency, active elaboration, and predictive processing. The aesthetic processing of non-conscious stimuli appears to be characterised by fluency-driven affective processing, while top-down regulatory processes are suppressed. This study provides the first empirical evidence supporting the evolutionary significance of aesthetic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Hoshi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Precision Medicine Centre, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Paz EV, Leis M, Garcia Basalo MJ, Giacchino M, Agosta G. Cuteness and the Power of Emotion. Neurol India 2023; 71:737-741. [PMID: 37635507 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.383846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background There is an agreement among individuals from different cultures in how they judge the cuteness of a face. There are observations suggesting that some preferences may be neurobiological rather than cultural. Most of the studies conducted use adult faces with a neutral expression; however, the mechanisms involved in rating cuteness are not exactly the same as those involved in the perception of attractiveness. Furthermore, it is not always taken into account that emotional expressions influence the impression on the beauty of a face. The objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of the different emotions on the perception of cuteness of children's faces. Materials and Methods We included 60 adults and 21 children who observed 150 photographs of children's faces expressing the six basic emotions and had to rate facial cuteness. Results Participants gave the highest cuteness score to faces with happy emotions (mean [M] = 6.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.48-7.30) and the lowest to those that expressed negative emotions (M = 5.32, 95% CI 4.87-5.78, t(160) = 5.08, P <.001). This was evidenced in adults and children of both genders, regardless of the gender of the stimulus. Conclusions In our study, we found that facial expression generates an impact on the perception that a subject has on the cuteness of the face. The faces that show happiness were scored as more cute compared to those that expressed anger, disgust, or sadness. We suggest that expression of positive emotions, like a smile, could increase the conducts associated with caring, placing the child in a more favorable situation for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Leis
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mariana Giacchino
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Agosta
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Ferrari C, Ciricugno A, Arioli M, Cattaneo Z. Functional Segregation of the Human Cerebellum in Social Cognitive Tasks Revealed by TMS. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3708-3717. [PMID: 37037608 PMCID: PMC10198446 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1818-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the posterior cerebellum in social cognition is well established; however, it is still unclear whether different cerebellar subregions contribute to different social cognitive processes by exerting specific functions. Here, we employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in male and female healthy humans to test the hypothesis of the existence of a medial-to-lateral gradient in the functional organization of the posterior cerebellum, according to which the phylogenetically newer cerebellar hemispheres are involved in tasks requiring higher-level social inferences whereas vermal/medial sectors are involved in basic perceptual emotional mechanisms. We found that interfering via TMS with activity of the medial cerebellum significantly impaired basic emotional recognition/discrimination. In turn, only TMS over the lateral cerebellum affected a task requiring recognizing an emotion considering the social context in which it was experienced. Overall, our data support the existence of a medial-to-lateral gradient in the posterior cerebellum, with medial sectors supporting basic emotion recognition and lateral sectors being recruited when the task taps on higher inferential processing/mentalizing. Interestingly, the contribution of the cerebellum in these different processes seems to be restricted to negative emotional stimuli.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cerebellum has been recently recognized as a critical component of the social brain, however, the functional topography of this structure in relation to social and emotional processes is still debated. By adopting a causative approach through the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the present study critically insights into the functional organization of the posterior cerebellum by testing the hypothesis of a medial-to-lateral gradient that reflects increasing complexity of social cognitive processes. Our findings demonstrate that lateral and medial cerebellar regions exert partially distinguishable functions in the social cognitive domain, with the medial cerebellum that mainly mediates basic perceptual emotional mechanisms while the lateral cerebellum, although supporting more basic functions, further subserves higher-level social operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrari
- Department of Humanities, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciricugno
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Maria Arioli
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo 24129, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo 24129, Italy
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4
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Arioli M, Cattaneo Z, Parimbelli S, Canessa N. Relational vs representational social cognitive processing: a coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging data. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:7003414. [PMID: 36695428 PMCID: PMC9976764 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurocognitive bases of social cognition have been framed in terms of representing others' actions through the mirror system and their mental states via the mentalizing network. Alongside representing another person's actions or mental states, however, social cognitive processing is also shaped by their (mis)match with one's own corresponding states. Here, we addressed the distinction between representing others' states through the action observation or mentalizing networks (i.e. representational processing) and detecting the extent to which such states align with one's own ones (i.e. relational processing, mediated by social conflict). We took a meta-analytic approach to unveil the neural bases of both relational and representational processing by focusing on previously reported brain activations from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using false-belief and action observation tasks. Our findings suggest that relational processing for belief and action states involves, respectively, the left and right temporo-parietal junction, likely contributing to self-other differentiation. Moreover, distinct sectors of the posterior fronto-medial cortex support social conflict processing for belief and action, possibly through the inhibition of conflictual representations. These data might pave the way for further studies addressing social conflict as an important component of normal and pathological processing, and inform the design of rehabilitative treatments for social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arioli
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo 24100, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo 24100, Italy.,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Parimbelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia 27100, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia 27100, Italy
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5
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Zeng X, Xu L, Xiao X. Negative implicit in-group stereotypes of Chinese male drug abusers: evidence from ERP. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35967507 PMCID: PMC9362483 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychological dependence is the most important factor leading to relapse, few studies have examined whether in-group stereotypes exist in drug abusers, while it's helpful for drug abusers in getting rid of psychological dependence. To investigate the presence of in-group stereotypes and the neural mechanisms in drug abusers, two experiments were designed in this study. Experiment 1 used a classification-verification paradigm and Experiment 2 used The Extrinsic Affect Simon Task (EAST), simultaneous collection of EEG data from China. 18 and 17 males were analyzed respectively in Experiment 1 and 2. The results in Experiment 1 showed that (1) there was no significant difference in reaction times or N400 amplitude between the condition "Drug abusers-Negative words" and the condition "Drug abusers-Positive words". In Experiment 2, we found that (2) participants in the condition "Drug abusers-Negative words" scored higher in accuracy rates than in the condition "Drug abusers-Positive words". (3) Participants in the condition "Drug abusers-Negative words" were shorter than "Drug abusers-Positive words" in reaction times (RTs). (4) Participants in the condition "Drug abusers-Negative words" were lower than "Drug abusers-Positive words" in the peak of N400. The conclusion is that there are significant negative implicit in-group stereotypes among Chinese male drug abusers. The experimental results and the uniqueness of Chinese male drug abusers in this study were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zeng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Lingling Xu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- ShiMen Middle School, Shunde, Foshan, 323999 China
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6
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Cheng Q, Han Z, Liu S, Kong Y, Weng X, Mo L. Neural responses to facial attractiveness in the judgments of moral goodness and moral beauty. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:843-863. [PMID: 34767078 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The judgments of moral goodness and moral beauty objectively refer to the perception and evaluation of moral traits, which are generally influenced by facial attractiveness. For centuries, people have equated beauty with the possession of positive qualities, but it is not clear whether the association between beauty and positive qualities exerts a similarly implicit influence on people's responses to moral goodness and moral beauty, how it affects those responses, and what is the neural basis for such an effect. The present study is the first to examine the neural responses to facial attractiveness in the judgments of moral goodness and moral beauty. We found that beautiful faces in both moral judgments activated the left ventral occipitotemporal cortices sensitive to the geometric configuration of the faces, demonstrating that both moral goodness and moral beauty required the automatic visual analysis of geometrical configuration of attractive faces. In addition, compared to beautiful faces during moral goodness judgment, beautiful faces during moral beauty judgment induced unique activity in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and midline cortical structures involved in the emotional-valenced information about attractive faces. The opposite comparison elicited specific activity in the left superior temporal cortex and premotor area, which play a critical role in the recognition of facial identity. Our results demonstrated that the neural responses to facial attractiveness in the process of higher order moral decision-makings exhibit both task-general and task-specific characteristics. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the essence of the relationship between morality and aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Cheng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 West Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhili Han
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 West Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 West Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yilong Kong
- School of Music, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xuchu Weng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 West Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Lei Mo
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 West Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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7
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Liu X, Zhang C, Wang X, Feng X, Pan J, Zhou G. Trait/Financial Information of Potential Male Mate Eliminates Mate-Choice Copying by Women: Trade-Off Between Social Information and Personal Information in Mate Selection. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:3757-3776. [PMID: 34727284 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mate-choice copying occurs when people rely on the mate choices of others (social information) to inform their own mate decisions. The present study investigated women's strategic trade-off between such social learning and using the personal information of a potential mate. We conducted two experiments to investigate how mate-choice copying was affected by the personal information (e.g., trait/financial information, negative/positive valence of this information, and attractiveness) of a potential male mate in short-/long-term mate selection. The results demonstrated that when women had no trait/financial information other than photos of potential mates, they showed mate-choice copying, but when women obtained personality trait or financial situation information (no matter negative or positive) of a potential mate, their mate-choice copying disappeared; this effect was only observed for low-attractiveness and long-term potential partners. These results demonstrated human social learning strategies in mate selection through a trade-off between social information and personal information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinge Liu
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cuihu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinran Feng
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junhao Pan
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guomei Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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8
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Gabrieli G, Lim YY, Esposito G. Influences of Social Distancing and attachment styles on the strength of the Halo Effect. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256364. [PMID: 34438441 PMCID: PMC8390124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Halo Effect is a widely studied phenomenon that interests multiple disciplines. The relationship between Aesthetics Appearance and perceived Trustworthiness has especially gathered the attention of social scientists. While experimental works compared the strength of the Halo Effect in different situations (e.g. different genders' faces), little is known about the stability of the Halo. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been urged to distance ourselves from others. Similar suggestions may alter the relationship between Aesthetic Appearance and Perceived Trustworthiness. Moreover, previous works reported that individuals' attachment styles affected their emotional responses to the pandemic. Individuals' attachment styles may influence the magnitude of change of the Halo. Here we investigate how priming (Social Distancing or Contact with others) affects the strength of the Halo Effect, with respect to individuals' attachment styles. Participants (N = 298) rated the Aesthetics and Perceived Trustworthiness of strangers' faces (N = 96) presented twice, before and after the presentation of a prime. Results revealed that individuals' attachment styles affect the strength of the Halo. However, we found no evidence supporting the fact that different attachment styles lead to differences in the magnitude of changes after priming. Results help shed light on how attachment styles influence individuals' impression formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gabrieli
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Yee Lim
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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9
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Gabrieli G, Ng S, Esposito G. Hacking Trust: The Presence of Faces on Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) Affects Trustworthiness. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11060091. [PMID: 34205570 PMCID: PMC8235198 DOI: 10.3390/bs11060091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trustworthiness is a core concept that drives individuals’ interaction with others, as well with objects and digital interfaces. The perceived trustworthiness of strangers from the evaluation of their faces has been widely studies in social psychology; however, little is known about the possibility of transferring trustworthiness from human faces to other individuals, objects or interfaces. In this study, we explore how the perceived trustworthiness of automated teller machines (ATMs) is influenced by the presence of faces on the machines, and how the trustworthiness of the faces themselves is transferred to the machine. In our study, participants (N = 57) rated the trustworthiness of ATMs on which faces of different age, gender, and ethnicity are placed. Subsequently, the trustworthiness of the ATMs is compared to the trustworthiness ratings of faces presented on their own. Results of our works support the idea that faces’ trustworthiness can be transferred to objects on which faces are presented. Moreover, the trustworthiness of ATMs seems to be influenced by the age of presented faces, with ATMs on which children faces are presented are trusted more than the same machines when adults’ or elders’ faces are presented, but not by the ethnicity (Asian or Caucasian) or gender (male or female) of presented faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gabrieli
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore; (G.G.); (S.N.)
| | - Sarah Ng
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore; (G.G.); (S.N.)
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore; (G.G.); (S.N.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Trento, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Gabrieli G, Lee A, Setoh P, Esposito G. An Analysis of the Generalizability and Stability of the Halo Effect During the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak. Front Psychol 2021; 12:631871. [PMID: 33841262 PMCID: PMC8024691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence on the global evaluation of a person based on the perception of a single trait is a phenomenon widely investigated in social psychology. Widely regarded as Halo effect, this phenomenon has been studied for more than 100 years now, and findings such as the relationship between aesthetic perception and other personality traits-such as competence and trustworthiness-have since been uncovered. Trustworthiness plays an especially crucial role in individuals' social interactions. Despite the large body of literature published on the Halo effect, and especially on the relationship between aesthetic appearance and perceived trustworthiness, little is known about the overall generalizability of the effect, as almost all of the studies have been conducted on adult participants from Western countries. Moreover, little is known about the stability of the effect over time, in the event of major destabilization, such as the outbreak of a pandemic. In this work, the cross-cultural generalizability of the Halo effect is investigated before and during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of the generalizability and stability over time of the Halo effect is presented. Participants (N = 380, N = 145 Asians, N = 235 Caucasians) have been asked to rate the aesthetic appearance and perceived trustworthiness of a set of human faces of different ages, gender, and ethnicity. Result of our analysis demonstrated that the Halo effect (Aesthetic × trustworthiness) is influenced by the age of presented faces, but not by their gender or ethnicity. Moreover, our results show that the strength of the effect can be affected by external events and that the volatility is higher for adults' than children's faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gabrieli
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert Lee
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peipei Setoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- LKC School of Medicine, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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11
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Lan M, Peng M, Zhao X, Li H, Yang J. Neural processing of the physical attractiveness stereotype: Ugliness is bad vs. beauty is good. Neuropsychologia 2021; 155:107824. [PMID: 33713669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The physical attractiveness stereotype (PAS) is characterized by the belief that beauty is good and ugliness is bad. Although the belief is not encouraged, people still express "beauty is good" explicitly. However, expressing that ugliness is bad is considered impolite in public. In this study, the neural underpinnings of PAS were investigated, particularly the comparison of the neural processing of ugliness is bad and beauty is good. During functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, participants were asked to create trait-conformity judgments based on the facial attractiveness of the images. Our results showed that brain areas, including the fusiform, thalamus, anterior insula (AI), precuneus, inferior temporal gyrus, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) were involved in the processing of PAS. The left AI, left dlPFC, and right dmPFC showed stronger activation for ugliness is bad than for the converse. Moreover, we found a stronger connectivity between the left dlPFC and AI in terms of ugliness is bad than in the converse. Our study suggests that participants were unwilling to express the stereotype of ugliness is bad, and more mental resources were needed to control its expression than the expression of beauty is good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Lan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maoying Peng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huixiang Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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The creepy, the bad and the ugly: exploring perceptions of moral character and social desirability in uncanny faces. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01452-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Silvanto J, Cattaneo Z. Nonlinear interaction between stimulation intensity and initial brain state: Evidence for the facilitatory/suppressive range model of online TMS effects. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135538. [PMID: 33259928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can qualitatively vary as a function of brain state. For example, TMS intensities which normally impair performance can have a facilitatory effect if the targeted neuronal representations are in a suppressed state. These phenomena have been explained in terms of the existence of distinct facilitatory and suppressive ranges as a function of TMS intensity which are shifted by changes in neural excitability. We tested this model by applying TMS at a low (60 % of phosphene threshold) or high (120 % of phosphene threshold) intensity during a priming paradigm. Our results show that state-dependent TMS effects vary qualitatively as a function of TMS intensity. Whereas the application of TMS at 120 % of participants' phosphene threshold impaired performance on fully congruent trials (in effect, reducing the benefit of priming), TMS applied at a lower intensity (60 % of phosphene threshold), facilitated performance on congruent trials. These results demonstrate that behavioral effects of TMS reflect a nonlinear interaction between initial activation state and TMS intensity. They also provide support for the existence of facilitatory/suppressive ranges of TMS effects which shift when neural excitability changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Silvanto
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Li R, Zhang J. Review of computational neuroaesthetics: bridging the gap between neuroaesthetics and computer science. Brain Inform 2020; 7:16. [PMID: 33196915 PMCID: PMC7669983 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-020-00118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mystery of aesthetics attracts scientists from various research fields. The topic of aesthetics, in combination with other disciplines such as neuroscience and computer science, has brought out the burgeoning fields of neuroaesthetics and computational aesthetics within less than two decades. Despite profound findings are carried out by experimental approaches in neuroaesthetics and by machine learning algorithms in computational neuroaesthetics, these two fields cannot be easily combined to benefit from each other and findings from each field are isolated. Computational neuroaesthetics, which inherits computational approaches from computational aesthetics and experimental approaches from neuroaesthetics, seems to be promising to bridge the gap between neuroaesthetics and computational aesthetics. Here, we review theoretical models and neuroimaging findings about brain activity in neuroaesthetics. Then machine learning algorithms and computational models in computational aesthetics are enumerated. Finally, we introduce studies in computational neuroaesthetics which combine computational models with neuroimaging data to analyze brain connectivity during aesthetic appreciation or give a prediction on aesthetic preference. This paper outlines the rich potential for computational neuroaesthetics to take advantages from both neuroaesthetics and computational aesthetics. We conclude by discussing some of the challenges and potential prospects in computational neuroaesthetics, and highlight issues for future consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Educational Big Data, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Educational Big Data, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Computing Technique and Applications, Department of Artificial Intelligence, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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15
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Qureshi AW, Bretherton L, Marsh B, Monk RL. Stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impacts conflict resolution in Level-1 visual perspective taking. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:565-574. [PMID: 32378060 PMCID: PMC7266805 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Theory of mind is the ability to understand others' beliefs, mental states, and knowledge. Perspective-taking is a key part of this capacity, and while previous research has suggested that calculating another's perspective is relatively straightforward, executive function is required to resolve the conflict between the self and that other perspective. Previous studies have shown that theory of mind is selectively impaired by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, it has been hitherto unclear as to which specific aspect of perspective-taking is impacted. The current study administered rTMS (N = 31 adult participants) to the DLPFC (active condition) and vertex (control condition) in a within-subjects design. Participants completed a L1 VPT task after each stimulation session, and focus (relative performance on self-perspective trials compared with other perspective trials) and conflict indices (relative ability to resolve competing self/other perspectives) were calculated. Results showed that stimulation of the DLPFC selectively impaired the conflict index, suggesting that the DLPFC may be causally related with the resolution of conflict between self and other perspectives, and that self-other interference may rely on domain-general processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Qureshi
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4PY, England.
| | - Laura Bretherton
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4PY, England
| | - Bethany Marsh
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4PY, England
| | - Rebecca L Monk
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4PY, England
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16
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Neural correlates of moral goodness and moral beauty judgments. Brain Res 2020; 1726:146534. [PMID: 31669285 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objects of moral goodness and moral beauty judgments both generally refer to the positive moral acts or virtues of humans, and goodness must precede moral beauty. The main difference is that moral beauty, but not moral goodness, triggers emotional elevation. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms involved in both judgments. In the current study, 28 healthy female participants were scanned when they rated the good and beautiful extent of positive moral acts in daily life depicted in scene drawings to investigate the neural systems supporting moral goodness and moral beauty, specifically to test whether neural activity associated with moral beauty is same or different than moral goodness. The conjunction analysis of the contrasts between moral goodness judgment and moral beauty judgment identified the involvement of the left inferior orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), suggesting that the two judgments recruited the activity of a common brain region. Importantly, compared with the moral goodness judgment, the moral beauty judgment induced greater activity in more advanced cortical regions implicated in elevated emotions, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). These regions have been strongly correlated with the cognitive aspects of moral cognition, including theory of mind (ToM). In addition, moral beauty judgment also activated brain regions implicated in empathy including the midline structures and the anterior insula. Based on these results, the brain harbors neural systems for common and for domain-specific evaluations of moral goodness and moral beauty judgments. Our study thus provides novel and compelling neural evidence for the essence of moral beauty and advances the current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the beauty-is-good stereotype.
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17
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Olivera-La Rosa A, Arango-Tobón OE, Ingram GP. Swiping right: face perception in the age of Tinder. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02949. [PMID: 31872122 PMCID: PMC6909076 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 50 million or more users worldwide, Tinder has become one of the most popular mobile dating applications. Although judgments of physical attractiveness are assumed to drive the "swiping" decisions that lead to matches, we propose that there is an additional evaluative dimension driving behind these decisions: judgments of moral character. With the aim of adding empirical support for this proposition, we critically review the most striking findings about first impressions extracted from faces, moral character in person perception, creepiness, and the uncanny valley, as they apply to Tinder behavior. Drawing on this research and the evolutionary theory of biological markets, we formulate several hypotheses that offer directions for future studies of Tinder and other dating apps. We conclude that research on face perception of novel targets supports the plausibility of moral character as a potential factor affecting the swiping decisions and subsequent behavior of Tinder users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Olivera-La Rosa
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó. Transversal 514A #67B 90, Medellín, Colombia
- Human Evolution and Cognition Group, associated group to IFISC (University of the Balearic Islands – CSIC), Carr. de Valldemossa, km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
| | - Olber Eduardo Arango-Tobón
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó. Transversal 514A #67B 90, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gordon P.D. Ingram
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1 #18a-12, Bogotá, Colombia
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18
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Neural correlates of visual aesthetic appreciation: insights from non-invasive brain stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2019; 238:1-16. [PMID: 31768577 PMCID: PMC6957540 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been increasingly employed in the field of neuroaesthetics research to shed light on the possible causal role of different brain regions contributing to aesthetic appreciation. Here, I review studies that have employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate neurocognitive mechanisms mediating visual aesthetic appreciation for different stimuli categories (faces, bodies, paintings). The review first considers studies that have assessed the possible causal contribution of cortical regions in mediating aesthetic appreciation along the visual ventral and dorsal pathways (i.e., the extrastriate body area, the motion-sensitive region V5/MT+ , the lateral occipital complex and the posterior parietal cortex). It then considers TMS and tDCS studies that have targeted premotor and motor regions, as well as other areas involved in body and facial expression processing (such as the superior temporal sulcus and the somatosensory cortex) to assess their role in aesthetic evaluation. Finally, it discusses studies that have targeted medial and dorsolateral prefrontal regions leading to significant changes in aesthetic appreciation for both biological stimuli (faces and bodies) and artworks. Possible mechanisms mediating stimulation effects on aesthetic judgments are discussed. A final section considers both methodological limitations of the reviewed studies (including levels of statistical power and the need for further replication) and the future potential for non-invasive brain stimulation to significantly contribute to the understanding of the neural bases of visual aesthetic experiences.
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19
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Lu J, Peng X, Liao C, Cui F. The stereotype of professional roles influences neural responses to moral transgressions: ERP evidence. Biol Psychol 2019; 145:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Hartung F, Jamrozik A, Rosen ME, Aguirre G, Sarwer DB, Chatterjee A. Behavioural and Neural Responses to Facial Disfigurement. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8021. [PMID: 31142792 PMCID: PMC6541618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Faces are among the most salient and relevant visual and social stimuli that humans encounter. Attractive faces are associated with positive character traits and social skills and automatically evoke larger neural responses than faces of average attractiveness in ventral occipito-temporal cortical areas. Little is known about the behavioral and neural responses to disfigured faces. In two experiments, we tested the hypotheses that people harbor a disfigured is bad bias and that ventral visual neural responses, known to be amplified to attractive faces, represent an attentional effect to facial salience rather than to their rewarding properties. In our behavioral study (N = 79), we confirmed the existence of an implicit 'disfigured is bad' bias. In our functional MRI experiment (N = 31), neural responses to photographs of disfigured faces before treatment evoked greater neural responses within ventral occipito-temporal cortex and diminished responses within anterior cingulate cortex. The occipito-temporal activity supports the hypothesis that these areas are sensitive to attentional, rather than reward properties of faces. The relative deactivation in anterior cingulate cortex, informed by our behavioral study, may reflect suppressed empathy and social cognition and indicate evidence of a possible neural mechanism underlying dehumanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hartung
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Neurology at the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Goddard Laboratory 3710, Hamilton Walk, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics Department of Neurology at the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Goddard Laboratory 3710, Hamilton Walk, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Anja Jamrozik
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Neurology at the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Goddard Laboratory 3710, Hamilton Walk, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miriam E Rosen
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Neurology at the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Goddard Laboratory 3710, Hamilton Walk, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Aguirre
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Neurology at the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Goddard Laboratory 3710, Hamilton Walk, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B Sarwer
- Center for Obesity Research and Education College of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University 1301 Cecil B. Moore Avenue, 19122, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anjan Chatterjee
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Neurology at the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Goddard Laboratory 3710, Hamilton Walk, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics Department of Neurology at the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Goddard Laboratory 3710, Hamilton Walk, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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The neural correlates of integrated aesthetics between moral and facial beauty. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1980. [PMID: 30760800 PMCID: PMC6374424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial beauty and moral beauty have been suggested to be two significant forms of social aesthetics. However, it remains unknown the extent to which there are neural underpinnings of the integration of these two forms of beauty. In the present study, participants were asked to make general aesthetic judgments of facial portraits and moral descriptions while collecting fMRI data. The facial portrait and moral description were randomly paired. Neurally, the appreciation of facial beauty and moral beauty recruited a common network involving the middle occipital gyrus (MOG) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). The activities of the mOFC varied across aesthetic conditions, while the MOG was specifically activated in the most beautiful condition. In addition, there was a bilateral insular cortex response to ugliness specifically in the congruent aesthetic conditions, while SMA was selectively responsive to the most ugly condition. Activity associated with aesthetic conflict between facial and moral aesthetic information was limited to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), with enhanced response to the incongruent condition compared to the congruent condition. These findings provide novel neural evidence for the integrated aesthetics of social beauty and suggest that integrated aesthetics is a more complex cognitive process than aesthetics restricted to a single modality.
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22
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Lieberman MD, Straccia MA, Meyer ML, Du M, Tan KM. Social, self, (situational), and affective processes in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC): Causal, multivariate, and reverse inference evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:311-328. [PMID: 30610911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been posited to serve a variety of social, affective, and cognitive functions. These conclusions have largely been driven by forward inference analyses (e.g. GLM fMRI studies and meta-analyses) that indicate where domain-specific tasks tend to produce activity but tell us little about what those regions do. Here, we take a multi-method, multi-domain approach to the functionality of MPFC subdivisions within Brodmann areas 9-11. We consider four methods that each have reverse inference or causal inference value: lesion work, transcranial magnetic stimulation, multivariate pattern analysis, and Neurosynth analyses. The Neurosynth analyses include multi-term reverse inference analyses that compare several domains of interest to one another at once. We examine the evidence supporting structure-function links in five domains: social cognition, self, value, emotional experience, and mental time travel. The evidence is considered for each of three MPFC subdivisions: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), anteromedial prefrontal cortex (AMPFC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Although there is evidentiary variability across methods, the results suggest that social processes are functionally linked to DMPFC (and somewhat surprisingly in VMPFC), self processes are linked to AMPFC, and affective processes are linked to AMPFC and VMPFC. There is also a relatively non-selective region of VMPFC that may support situational processing, a process key to each domain, but also independent of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lieberman
- UCLA Psychology Department, 1248 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, United States.
| | - Mark A Straccia
- UCLA Psychology Department, 1248 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, United States
| | - Meghan L Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Meng Du
- UCLA Psychology Department, 1248 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, United States
| | - Kevin M Tan
- UCLA Psychology Department, 1248 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, United States
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23
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Olivera-La Rosa A. Wrong outside, wrong inside: A social functionalist approach to the uncanny feeling. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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