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Chung RS, Cavaleri J, Sundaram S, Gilbert ZD, Del Campo-Vera RM, Leonor A, Tang AM, Chen KH, Sebastian R, Shao A, Kammen A, Tabarsi E, Gogia AS, Mason X, Heck C, Liu CY, Kellis SS, Lee B. Understanding the human conflict processing network: A review of the literature on direct neural recordings during performance of a modified stroop task. Neurosci Res 2024; 206:1-19. [PMID: 38582242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The Stroop Task is a well-known neuropsychological task developed to investigate conflict processing in the human brain. Our group has utilized direct intracranial neural recordings in various brain regions during performance of a modified color-word Stroop Task to gain a mechanistic understanding of non-emotional human conflict processing. The purpose of this review article is to: 1) synthesize our own studies into a model of human conflict processing, 2) review the current literature on the Stroop Task and other conflict tasks to put our research in context, and 3) describe how these studies define a network in conflict processing. The figures presented are reprinted from our prior publications and key publications referenced in the manuscript. We summarize all studies to date that employ invasive intracranial recordings in humans during performance of conflict-inducing tasks. For our own studies, we analyzed local field potentials (LFPs) from patients with implanted stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes, and we observed intracortical oscillation patterns as well as intercortical temporal relationships in the hippocampus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during the cue-processing phase of a modified Stroop Task. Our findings suggest that non-emotional human conflict processing involves modulation across multiple frequency bands within and between brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Chung
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Jonathon Cavaleri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shivani Sundaram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zachary D Gilbert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Roberto Martin Del Campo-Vera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Leonor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Austin M Tang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kuang-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rinu Sebastian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arthur Shao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexandra Kammen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emiliano Tabarsi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Angad S Gogia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xenos Mason
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christi Heck
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles Y Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Spencer S Kellis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Muhammad N, Sonkusare S, Ding Q, Wang L, Mandali A, Zhao YJ, Sun B, Li D, Voon V. Time-locked acute alpha-frequency stimulation of subthalamic nuclei during the evaluation of emotional stimuli and its effect on power modulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1181635. [PMID: 37576474 PMCID: PMC10415014 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1181635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) studies in Parkinson's Disease (PD) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) have characterized its spectral properties across cognitive processes. In emotional evaluation tasks, specific alpha frequency (8-12 Hz) event-related de-synchronization (ERD) (reduced power) has been demonstrated. The time-locked stimulation of STN relative to stimuli onset has shown subjective positive valence shifts with 10 Hz but not with 130 Hz. However, neurophysiological effects of stimulation on power modulation have not been investigated. We aim to investigate effects of acute stimulation of the right STN on concurrent power modulation in the contralateral STN and frontal scalp EEG. From our previous study, we had a strong a priori hypothesis that negative imagery without stimulation would be associated with alpha ERD; negative imagery with 130 Hz stimulation would be also associated with alpha ERD given the lack of its effect on subjective valence ratings; negative imagery with 10 Hz stimulation was to be associated with enhanced alpha power given the shift in behavioral valence ratings. Methods Twenty-four subjects with STN DBS underwent emotional picture-viewing tasks comprising neutral and negative pictures. In a subset of these subjects, the negative images were associated with time-locked acute stimulation at either 10 or 130 Hz. Power of signals was estimated relative to the baseline and subjected to non-parametric statistical testing. Results As hypothesized, in 130 Hz stimulation condition, we show a decrease in alpha power to negative vs. neutral images irrespective of stimulation. In contrast, this alpha power decrease was no longer evident in the negative 10 Hz stimulation condition consistent with a predicted increase in alpha power. Greater beta power in the 10 Hz stimulation condition along with correlations between beta power across the 10 Hz stimulation and unstimulated conditions suggest physiological and cognitive generalization effects. Conclusion Acute alpha-specific frequency stimulation presumably was associated with a loss of this expected decrease or desynchronization in alpha power to negative images suggesting the capacity to facilitate the synchronization of alpha and enhance power. Acute time-locked stimulation has the potential to provide causal insights into the spectral frequencies and temporal dynamics of emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Saurabh Sonkusare
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linbin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alekhya Mandali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Jie Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianyou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Decombe L, Henry A, Decombe R, Tir M, Doé de Maindreville A, Galland Hairabedian L, Kaladjian A, Raucher-Chéné D. "Accidental, really?" Attributional bias in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 95:18-22. [PMID: 34959046 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the cognitive domains impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD), social cognition has received particular attention in recent years. Nevertheless, attributional bias, a social-cognitive subdomain, has not yet been studied in this population, despite its potential relationship with neuropsychiatric symptoms, and despite the possibility that deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, an effective treatment for disabling motor symptoms, worsens cognitive impairment. The present study therefore compared the attributional bias of patients with PD (stimulated and nonstimulated subgroups) with that of controls. It also explored the potential correlations between patients' attributional bias and their clinical scores. METHODS Thirty-two patients with PD (12 stimulated and 20 nonstimulated) were recruited and matched with 32 healthy controls. Attributional bias was assessed using the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire, which yields three subscores: Hostility Bias, Aggression Bias, and Blame. Depressive symptoms (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression), paranoid thoughts (Paranoia Scale), global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and social functioning (Social Functioning Questionnaire) were also assessed. RESULTS Patients exhibited more hostile and aggressive biases than controls, especially in ambiguous situations. Stimulated patients had greater hostility and aggression biases and a higher blame score than controls in accidental situations. No significant differences were observed between stimulated and nonstimulated patients. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to have assessed attributional bias in patients with PD and explored the impact of deep-brain stimulation on this particular subdomain of social cognition. Results suggest that patients exhibit attributional bias, and this impairment may be exacerbated in stimulated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Decombe
- Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU de Reims, EPSMM, Reims, France.
| | - Audrey Henry
- Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU de Reims, EPSMM, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, 51571, Reims Cedex, France
| | - René Decombe
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier « Simone Veil », Troyes, France
| | - Mélissa Tir
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Amiens Site Sud, Amiens, France
| | | | - Lou Galland Hairabedian
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, 51571, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU de Reims, EPSMM, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, 51571, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Delphine Raucher-Chéné
- Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU de Reims, EPSMM, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, 51571, Reims Cedex, France
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Pierce JE, Péron J. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum in human emotion. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:599-613. [PMID: 32507876 PMCID: PMC7328022 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) and the cerebellum historically have been relegated to a functional role in producing or modulating motor output. Recent research, however, has emphasized the importance of these subcortical structures in multiple functional domains, including affective processes such as emotion recognition, subjective feeling elicitation and reward valuation. The pathways through the thalamus that connect the BG and cerebellum directly to each other and with extensive regions of the cortex provide a structural basis for their combined influence on limbic function. By regulating cortical oscillations to guide learning and strengthening rewarded behaviors or thought patterns to achieve a desired goal state, these regions can shape the way an individual processes emotional stimuli. This review will discuss the basic structure and function of the BG and cerebellum and propose an updated view of their functional role in human affective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Pierce
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Péron
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.,Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Ehlen F, Al-Fatly B, Kühn AA, Klostermann F. Impact of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on natural language in patients with Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244148. [PMID: 33373418 PMCID: PMC7771859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to the typical motor symptoms, a majority of patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease experience language impairments. Deep Brain Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus robustly reduces motor dysfunction, but its impact on language skills remains ambiguous. Method To elucidate the impact of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on natural language production, we systematically analyzed language samples from fourteen individuals (three female / eleven male, average age 66.43 ± 7.53 years) with Parkinson’s disease in the active (ON) versus inactive (OFF) stimulation condition. Significant ON-OFF differences were considered as stimulation effects. To localize their neuroanatomical origin within the subthalamic nucleus, they were correlated with the volume of tissue activated by therapeutic stimulation. Results Word and clause production speed increased significantly under active stimulation. These enhancements correlated with the volume of tissue activated within the associative part of the subthalamic nucleus, but not with that within the dorsolateral motor part, which again correlated with motor improvement. Language error rates were lower in the ON vs. OFF condition, but did not correlate with electrode localization. No significant changes in further semantic or syntactic language features were detected in the current study. Conclusion The findings point towards a facilitation of executive language functions occurring rather independently from motor improvement. Given the presumed origin of this stimulation effect within the associative part of the subthalamic nucleus, this could be due to co-stimulation of the prefrontal-subthalamic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Ehlen
- Department of Neurology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jüdisches Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Bassam Al-Fatly
- Department of Neurology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A. Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Department of Neurology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Li Q, Chen M, Zhang C, Lu T, Min S, Li S. Opposite Roles of NT-3 and BDNF in Synaptic Remodeling of the Inner Ear Induced by Electrical Stimulation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1665-1682. [PMID: 32770528 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the development of neural prostheses, neural plasticity including synaptic remodeling under electrical stimulation is drawing more and more attention. Indeed, intracochlear electrical stimulation used to restore hearing in deaf can induce the loss of residual hearing and synapses of the inner hair cells (IHCs). However, the mechanism under this process is largely unknown. Considering that the guinea pig is always a suitable and convenient choice for the animal model of cochlea implant (CI), in the present study, normal-hearing guinea pigs were implanted with CIs. Four-hour electrical stimulation with the intensity of 6 dB above electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) threshold (which can decrease the quantity of IHC synapses and the excitability of the auditory nerve) resulted in the upregulation of Bdnf (p < 0.0001) and downregulation of Nt-3 (p < 0.05). Intracochlear perfusion of exogenous NT-3 or TrkC/Fc (which blocks NT-3) can, respectively, resist or aggravate the synaptic loss induced by electrical stimulation. In contrast, local delivery of exogenous BDNF or TrkB/Fc (which blocks BDNF) to the cochlea, respectively, exacerbated or protected against the synaptic loss caused by electrical stimulation. Notably, the synaptic changes were only observed in the basal and middle halves of the cochlea. All the findings above suggested that NT-3 and BDNF may play opposite roles in the remodeling of IHC synapses induced by intracochlear electrical stimulation, i.e. NT-3 and BDNF promoted the regeneration and degeneration of IHC synapses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhao Lu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyao Min
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.
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Wagenbreth C, Kuehne M, Heinze HJ, Zaehle T. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Influences Facial Emotion Recognition in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2638. [PMID: 31849760 PMCID: PMC6901782 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms following dopaminergic depletion in the substantia nigra. Besides motor impairments, however, several non-motor detriments can have the potential to considerably impact subjectively perceived quality of life in patients. Particularly emotion recognition of facial expressions has been shown to be affected in PD, and especially the perception of negative emotions like fear, anger, or disgust is impaired. While emotion processing generally refers to automatic implicit as well as conscious explicit processing, the focus of most previous studies in PD was on explicit recognition of emotions only, while largely ignoring implicit processing deficits. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is widely accepted as a therapeutic measure in the treatment of PD and has been shown to advantageously influence motor problems. Among various concomitant non-motor effects of STN-DBS, modulation of facial emotion recognition under subthalamic stimulation has been investigated in previous studies with rather heterogeneous results. Although there seems to be a consensus regarding the processing of disgust, which significantly deteriorates under STN stimulation, findings concerning emotions like fear or happiness report heterogeneous data and seem to depend on various experimental settings and measurements. In the present review, we summarized previous investigations focusing on STN-DBS influence on recognition of facial emotional expressions in patients suffering from PD. In a first step, we provide a synopsis of disturbances and problems in facial emotion processing observed in patients with PD. Second, we present findings of STN-DBS influence on facial emotion recognition and especially highlight different impacts of stimulation on implicit and explicit emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wagenbreth
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kuehne
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Li Q, Lu T, Zhang C, Hansen MR, Li S. Electrical stimulation induces synaptic changes in the peripheral auditory system. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:893-905. [PMID: 31658367 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since a rapidly increasing number of neurostimulation devices are used clinically to modulate specific neural functions, the impact of electrical stimulation on targeted neural structure and function has become a key issue. In particular, the specific effect of electrical stimulation via a cochlear implant (CI) on inner hair cell (IHC) synapses remains unclear. Importantly, CI candidacy has recently expanded to include patients with partial hearing loss. Unfortunately, some CI recipients experience progressive hearing loss after activation of electrical stimulation. The mechanism(s) accounting for loss of residual hearing following electrical stimulation is unknown. Here normal-hearing guinea pigs were implanted with customized CIs. Intracochlear electrical stimulation with an intensity equal to or above electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) threshold decreased the excitability of auditory nerve. Furthermore, the number of synapses between IHCs and the afferent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) also decreased after electrical stimulation with higher intensities. However, no significant change was observed in the packing density and perikaryal area of SGNs as well as the quantity of hair cells. These results carry important implications for use of CIs in patients with residual hearing and for an increasing number of patients treated with other neurostimulation devices. Notably, the results were based on acute electrical stimulation. Considering the complex interaction between CIs and targeted tissues, it is urgent to conduct further research to clarify whether the similar changes could be induced by chronic electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhao Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marlan R Hansen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shufeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Selectively Modulates Emotion Recognition of Facial Stimuli in Parkinson's Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091335. [PMID: 31466414 PMCID: PMC6781243 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
: Background: Diminished emotion recognition is a known symptom in Parkinson (PD) patients and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has been shown to further deteriorate the processing of especially negative emotions. While emotion recognition generally refers to both, implicit and explicit processing, demonstrations of DBS-influences on implicit processing are sparse. In the present study, we assessed the impact of STN-DBS on explicit and implicit processing for emotional stimuli. METHODS Under STN-DBS ON and OFF, fourteen PD patients performed an implicit as well as an explicit emotional processing task. To assess implicit emotional processing, patients were tested with a lexical decision task (LTD) combined with an affective priming paradigm, which provides emotional content through the facial eye region. To assess explicit emotional processing, patients additionally explicitly rated the emotional status of eyes and words used in the implicit task. RESULTS DBS affected explicit emotional processing more than implicit processing with a more pronounced effect on error rates than on reaction speed. STN-DBS generally worsened implicit and explicit processing for disgust stimulus material but improved explicit processing of fear stimuli. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating influences of STN-DBS on explicit and implicit emotion processing in PD patients. While STN stimulation impeded the processing of disgust stimuli, it improved explicit discrimination of fear stimuli.
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