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Moeck EK, Zhao JL, Most SB, Thomas NA, Takarangi MKT. Emotional stimuli similarly disrupt attention in both visual fields. Cogn Emot 2023; 37:633-649. [PMID: 36912595 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2187353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
People often need to filter relevant from irrelevant information. Irrelevant emotional distractors interrupt this process. But does the degree to which emotional distractors disrupt attention depend on which visual field they appear in? We thought it might for two reasons: (1) people pay slightly more attention to the left than the right visual field, and (2) some research suggests the right-hemisphere (which, in early visual processing, receives left visual field input) has areas specialised for processing emotion. Participants viewed a rapid image-stream in each visual field and reported the rotation of an embedded neutral target preceded by a negative or neutral distractor. We predicted that the degree to which negative (vs. neutral) distractors impaired target detection would be larger when targets appeared in the left than the right stream. This hypothesis was supported, but only when the distractor and target could appear in the same or opposite stream as each other (Experiments 2a-b), not when they always appeared in the same stream as each other (Experiments 1a-1b). However, this effect was driven by superior left-stream accuracy following neutral distractors, and similar left- and right-stream accuracy following negative distractors. Emotional distractors therefore override visuospatial asymmetries and disrupt attention, regardless of visual field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella K Moeck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Jenna L Zhao
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven B Most
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole A Thomas
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Melanie K T Takarangi
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
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Wang L, Zhou QH, Wang K, Wang HC, Hu SM, Yang YX, Lin YC, Wang YP. Frontoparietal paired associative stimulation versus single-site stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder: a pilot rTMS study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E153-E161. [PMID: 35477683 PMCID: PMC9259432 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is limited to single-site interventions. We investigated whether dual-site frontoparietal stimulation delivered using cortical-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) had stronger clinical efficacy than single-site stimulation in patients with GAD. METHODS We randomized 50 patients with GAD to 1 Hz rTMS (10 sessions) using 1 of the following protocols: single-site stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC; 1500 pulses per session); single-site stimulation over the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC; 1500 pulses per session); repetitive dual-site ccPAS (rds-ccPAS) over the right dlPFC and right PPC with 1500 pulses per session (rd-ccPAS-1500); or rds-ccPAS over the right dlPFC and right PPC with 750 pulses per session (rd-ccPAS-750). Both rds-ccPAS treatments used a between-site interval of 100 ms. RESULTS Clinical scores for anxiety, depression and insomnia were reduced in all 4 groups after treatment. We found greater improvements in anxiety symptoms in the rds-ccPAS-1500 group compared to the rds-ccPAS-750 and single-site groups. We found greater improvements in depression symptoms and insomnia in the rds-PAS-1500 group compared to the single-site groups. The rds-ccPAS-1500 group also showed significant or trend-level improvements in anxiety symptoms and insomnia at 10-day and 1-month followup. More patients responded to treatment with rds-ccPAS-1500 than with single-site stimulation. The between-group differences in response rates persisted to the 3-month follow-up. Treatment using rds-ccPAS with a between-site interval of 100 ms induced a more significant improvement than the between-site interval of 50 ms we evaluated in a previous study. LIMITATIONS These results need to be replicated in a larger sample using sham control and equal-pulse single-site stimulation. CONCLUSION Frontoparietal rds-ccPAS may be a better treatment option for GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L. Wang, Zhou, H. Wang, Hu, Yang, Lin, Y. Wang); the Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China (L. Wang, Zhou, H. Wang, Hu, Yang, Lin, Y. Wang); the Centre of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L. Wang, Zhou, H. Wang, Hu, Yang, Lin, Y. Wang); the Institute of Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L. Wang, Zhou, H. Wang, Hu, Yang, Lin, Y. Wang); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Puren Hospital, Beijing, China (K. Wang)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi-Cong Lin
- From the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L. Wang, Zhou, H. Wang, Hu, Yang, Lin, Y. Wang); the Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China (L. Wang, Zhou, H. Wang, Hu, Yang, Lin, Y. Wang); the Centre of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L. Wang, Zhou, H. Wang, Hu, Yang, Lin, Y. Wang); the Institute of Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L. Wang, Zhou, H. Wang, Hu, Yang, Lin, Y. Wang); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Puren Hospital, Beijing, China (K. Wang)
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Sidlauskaite J, Dhar M, Sonuga-Barke E, Wiersema JR. Altered proactive control in adults with ADHD: Evidence from event-related potentials during cued task switching. Neuropsychologia 2019; 138:107330. [PMID: 31887312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control has two distinct modes - proactive and reactive (Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(2), 105-112). ADHD has been associated with cognitive control impairments. However, studies have mainly focused on reactive control and not proactive control. Here we investigated neural correlates of proactive and reactive cognitive control in a group of adults with ADHD versus healthy controls by employing a cued switching task while cue informativeness was manipulated and EEG recorded. On the performance level, only a trend to generally slower responding was found in the ADHD group. Cue-locked analyses revealed an attenuated informative-positivity - a differential component appearing when contrasting informative with non-informative alerting cues - and potentially altered lateralisation of the switch-positivity - evident in the contrast between switch and repeat trials for informative cues - in ADHD. No difference in target-locked activity was found. Our results indicate altered proactive rather than reactive control in adults with ADHD, evidenced by less use of cued advance information and abnormal preparatory processes for upcoming tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Sidlauskaite
- Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Leuven University, Belgium.
| | - Monica Dhar
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Ghent University, Belgium
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Nguyen T, Zhou T, Potter T, Zou L, Zhang Y. The Cortical Network of Emotion Regulation: Insights From Advanced EEG-fMRI Integration Analysis. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2019; 38:2423-2433. [PMID: 30802854 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2900978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to perceive and regulate emotion is a key component of cognition that is often disrupted by disease. Current neuroimaging studies regarding emotion regulation have implicated a number of cortical regions and identified several EEG features of interest, including the late positive potential and frontal asymmetry. Unfortunately, currently applied methods generally lack in the resolution necessary to capture focal cortical activity and explore the causal interactions between brain regions. In this paper, electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were simultaneously recorded from 20 subjects undergoing emotion processing and regulation tasks. Cortical activity with high-spatiotemporal resolution and accuracy was reconstructed using a novel multimodal EEG/fMRI integration method. A detailed causal brain network associated with emotion processing and regulation was then identified, and the network changes that facilitate different emotion conditions were investigated. The cortical activity of the ventrolateral prefrontal (VLPFC) and posterior parietal cortices depicted conditionally-sensitive spike and wave patterns evidenced in inter-regional communication. The VLPFC was found to behave as a main network source, with conditionally-specific interactions supporting emotional shifts. The results provide unique insight into the cortical activity that supports emotional perception and regulation, the origins of known EEG phenomena, and the manner in which brain regions coordinate to affect behavior.
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Dynamic Interactions between Emotion Perception and Action Preparation for Reacting to Social Threat: A Combined cTBS-fMRI Study. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0408-17. [PMID: 29971249 PMCID: PMC6027957 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0408-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Expressions of emotion are powerful triggers for situation-appropriate responses by the observer. Of particular interest regarding the preparation of such adaptive actions are parietal and premotor cortices, given their potential for interaction with the amygdala (AMG), which is known to play a crucial role in the processing of affective information and in motor response. We set out to disentangle the respective roles of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and ventral premotor cortex (PMv) in humans in the processing of emotional body expressions by assessing remote effects of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) in the action network and in AMG. Participants were presented with blocks of short videos showing either angry or neutral whole-body actions. The experiment consisted of three fMRI sessions: two sessions were preceded by stimulation of either right IPL (rIPL) or right PMv (rPMv); and a third session assessed baseline activity. Interestingly, whereas at baseline the left AMG did not differentiate between neutral and angry body postures, a significant difference between these conditions emerged after stimulation of either rIPL or rPMv, with much larger responses to angry than to neutral stimuli. In addition, the effects of cTBS stimulation and emotion were also observed in two other action-relevant areas, the supplementary motor area and the superior parietal cortex. Together, these results show how areas involved in action and emotion perception and in action preparation interact dynamically.
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