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Hong L, Fan L, Wu J, Yang J, Hou D, Yao Y, Zhou S. Pulse Proteins and Their Hydrolysates: A Comprehensive Review of Their Beneficial Effects on Metabolic Syndrome and the Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2024; 16:1845. [PMID: 38931200 PMCID: PMC11206746 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulses, as an important part of the human diet, can act as a source of high-quality plant proteins. Pulse proteins and their hydrolysates have shown promising results in alleviating metabolic syndrome and modulating the gut microbiome. Their bioactivities have become a focus of research, with many new findings added in recent studies. This paper comprehensively reviews the anti-hypertension, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-dyslipidemia and anti-obesity bioactivities of pulse proteins and their hydrolysates in recent in vitro and in vivo studies, which show great potential for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. In addition, pulse proteins and their hydrolysates can regulate the gut microbiome, which in turn can have a positive impact on the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of some pulse proteins and their hydrolysates on metabolic syndrome have been supported by clinical studies. This review might provide a reference for the application of pulse proteins and their hydrolysates in functional foods or nutritional supplements for people with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Hong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.H.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (D.H.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing and Biosynthesis of Food Bioactive Substances, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.H.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (D.H.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing and Biosynthesis of Food Bioactive Substances, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.H.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (D.H.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing and Biosynthesis of Food Bioactive Substances, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.H.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (D.H.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing and Biosynthesis of Food Bioactive Substances, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dianzhi Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.H.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (D.H.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing and Biosynthesis of Food Bioactive Substances, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.H.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (D.H.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing and Biosynthesis of Food Bioactive Substances, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
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Burch JB, Delage AF, Zhang H, McLain AC, Ray MA, Miller A, Adams SA, Hébert JR. Sleep disorders and cancer incidence: examining duration and severity of diagnosis among veterans. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1336487. [PMID: 38469244 PMCID: PMC10927008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1336487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep disruption affects biological processes that facilitate carcinogenesis. This retrospective cohort study used de-identified data from the Veterans Administration (VA) electronic medical record system to test the hypothesis that patients with diagnosed sleep disorders had an increased risk of prostate, breast, colorectal, or other cancers (1999-2010, N=663,869). This study builds upon existing evidence by examining whether patients with more severe or longer-duration diagnoses were at a greater risk of these cancers relative to those with a less severe or shorter duration sleep disorder. Methods Incident cancer cases were identified in the VA Tumor Registry and sleep disorders were defined by International Classification of Sleep Disorder codes. Analyses were performed using extended Cox regression with sleep disorder diagnosis as a time-varying covariate. Results Sleep disorders were present among 56,055 eligible patients (8% of the study population); sleep apnea (46%) and insomnia (40%) were the most common diagnoses. There were 18,181 cancer diagnoses (41% prostate, 12% colorectal, 1% female breast, 46% other). The hazard ratio (HR) for a cancer diagnosis was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37, 1.54) among those with any sleep disorder, after adjustment for age, sex, state of residence, and marital status. Risks increased with increasing sleep disorder duration (short [<1-2 years] HR: 1.04 [CI: 1.03-1.06], medium [>2-5 years] 1.23 [1.16-1.32]; long [>5-12 years] 1.52 [1.34-1.73]). Risks also increased with increasing sleep disorder severity using cumulative sleep disorder treatments as a surrogate exposure; African Americans with more severe disorders had greater risks relative to those with fewer treatments and other race groups. Results among patients with only sleep apnea, insomnia, or another sleep disorder were similar to those for all sleep disorders combined. Discussion The findings are consistent with other studies indicating that sleep disruption is a cancer risk factor. Optimal sleep and appropriate sleep disorder management are modifiable risk factors that may facilitate cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Burch
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Alexandria F. Delage
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Palmetto GBA, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alexander C. McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Meredith A. Ray
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Austin Miller
- Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, United States
| | - Swann A. Adams
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Department of Biobehavioral Health and Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James R. Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention & Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Nicolini P, Malfatto G, Lucchi T. Heart Rate Variability and Cognition: A Narrative Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. J Clin Med 2024; 13:280. [PMID: 38202287 PMCID: PMC10780278 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reliable and convenient method to assess autonomic function. Cross-sectional studies have established a link between HRV and cognition. Longitudinal studies are an emerging area of research with important clinical implications in terms of the predictive value of HRV for future cognition and in terms of the potential causal relationship between HRV and cognition. However, they have not yet been the objective of a systematic review. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association between HRV and cognition in longitudinal studies. METHODS The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched from the earliest available date to 26 June 2023. Studies were included if they involved adult human subjects and evaluated the longitudinal association between HRV and cognition. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cohort Studies. The results were presented narratively. RESULTS Of 14,359 records screened, 12 studies were included in this systematic review, with a total of 24,390 participants. Two thirds of the studies were published from 2020 onwards. All studies found a longitudinal relationship between HRV and cognition. There was a consistent association between higher parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity and better cognition, and some association between higher sympathetic nervous system activity and worse cognition. Also, higher PNS activity persistently predicted better executive functioning, while data on episodic memory and language were more scant and/or controversial. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the role of HRV as a biomarker of future cognition and, potentially, as a therapeutic target to improve cognition. They will need confirmation by further, more comprehensive studies also including unequivocal non-HRV sympathetic measures and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nicolini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Geriatric Unit, Internal Medicine Department, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Malfatto
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziano Lucchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Geriatric Unit, Internal Medicine Department, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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