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Faircloth TU, Temple S, Parr RN, Tucker AB, Rajan D, Hematti P, Kugathasan S, Chinnadurai R. Vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and immunosuppression are distinct potency mechanisms of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells 2024; 42:736-751. [PMID: 38826008 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are investigated as cellular therapeutics for inflammatory bowel diseases and associated perianal fistula, although consistent efficacy remains a concern. Determining host factors that modulate MSCs' potency including their secretion of angiogenic and wound-healing factors, immunosuppression, and anti-inflammatory properties are important determinants of their functionality. We investigated the mechanisms that regulate the secretion of angiogenic and wound-healing factors and immune suppression of human bone marrow MSCs. Secretory analysis of MSCs focusing on 18 angiogenic and wound-healing secretory molecules identified the most abundancy of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). MSC viability and secretion of other angiogenic factors are not dependent on VEGF-A secretion which exclude the autocrine role of VEGF-A on MSC's fitness. However, the combination of inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNFα reduces MSC's VEGF-A secretion. To identify the effect of intestinal microvasculature on MSCs' potency, coculture analysis was performed between human large intestine microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) and human bone marrow-derived MSCs. HLMVECs do not attenuate MSCs' viability despite blocking their VEGF-A secretion. In addition, HLMVECs neither attenuate MSC's IFNγ mediated upregulation of immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase nor abrogate suppression of T-cell proliferation despite the attenuation of VEGF-A secretion. We found that HLMVECs express copious amounts of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and mechanistic analysis showed that pharmacological blocking reverses HLMVEC-mediated attenuation of MSC's VEGF-A secretion. Together these results suggest that secretion of VEGF-A and immunosuppression are separable functions of MSCs which are regulated by distinct mechanisms in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler U Faircloth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, United States
| | - Sara Temple
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, United States
| | - Rhett N Parr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, United States
| | - Anna B Tucker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, United States
| | - Devi Rajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, United States
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, United States
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2
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Česnik AB, Švajger U. The issue of heterogeneity of MSC-based advanced therapy medicinal products-a review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1400347. [PMID: 39129786 PMCID: PMC11310176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1400347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) possess a remarkable potential for numerous clinical applications due to their unique properties including self-renewal, immunomodulation, paracrine actions and multilineage differentiation. However, the translation of MSC-based Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) into the clinic has frequently met with inconsistent outcomes. One of the suspected reasons for this issue is the inherent and extensive variability that exists among such ATMPs, which makes the interpretation of their clinical efficacy difficult to assess, as well as to compare the results of various studies. This variability stems from numerous reasons including differences in tissue sources, donor attributes, variances in manufacturing protocols, as well as modes of administration. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue and others, each with its unique phenotypic and functional characteristics. While MSCs from different sources do share common features, they also exhibit distinct gene expression profiles and functional properites. Donor-specific factors such as age, sex, body mass index, and underlying health conditions can influence MSC phenotype, morphology, differentiation potential and function. Moreover, variations in preparation of MSC products introduces additional heterogeneity as a result of cell culture media composition, presence or absence of added growth factors, use of different serum supplements and culturing techniques. Once MSC products are formulated, storage protocols play a pivotal role in its efficacy. Factors that affect cell viability include cell concentration, delivery solution and importantly, post-thawing protocols where applicable. Ensuing, differences in administration protocols can critically affect the distribution and functionallity of administered cells. As MSC-based therapies continue to advance through numerous clinical trials, implication of strategies to reduce product heterogeneity is imperative. Central to addressing these challenges is the need for precise prediction of clinical responses, which require well-defined MSC populations and harmonized assessment of their specific functions. By addressing these issues by meaningful approaches, such as, e.g., MSC pooling, the field can overcome barriers to advance towards more consistent and effective MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bajc Česnik
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Švajger
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Gil-Chinchilla JI, Bueno C, Martínez CM, Ferrández-Múrtula A, García-Hernández AM, Blanquer M, Molina-Molina M, Zapata AG, Sackstein R, Moraleda JM, García-Bernal D. Optimizing cryopreservation conditions for use of fucosylated human mesenchymal stromal cells in anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385691. [PMID: 38605955 PMCID: PMC11007032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being increasingly used in cell-based therapies due to their broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Intravascularly-administered MSCs do not efficiently migrate to sites of inflammation/immunopathology, but this shortfall has been overcome by cell surface enzymatic fucosylation to engender expression of the potent E-selectin ligand HCELL. In applications of cell-based therapies, cryopreservation enables stability in both storage and transport of the produced cells from the manufacturing facility to the point of care. However, it has been reported that cryopreservation and thawing dampens their immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory activity even after a reactivation/reconditioning step. To address this issue, we employed a variety of methods to cryopreserve and thaw fucosylated human MSCs derived from either bone marrow or adipose tissue sources. We then evaluated their immunosuppressive properties, cell viability, morphology, proliferation kinetics, immunophenotype, senescence, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Our studies provide new insights into the immunobiology of cryopreserved and thawed MSCs and offer a readily applicable approach to optimize the use of fucosylated human allogeneic MSCs as immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús I. Gil-Chinchilla
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Bueno
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Martínez
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Ferrández-Múrtula
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M. García-Hernández
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Molina-Molina
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, and the Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jose M. Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Ren J, Szombath G, Vitale-Cross L, Stroncek DF, Robey PG, Hajdara A, Szalayova I, Mayer B, Martin D, Mezey E, Nemeth K. The Potential Use of THP-1, a Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line, to Predict Immune-Suppressive Potency of Human Bone-Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs) In Vitro: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13258. [PMID: 37686058 PMCID: PMC10488111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of cultured BMSCs was shown to be immune-suppressive in various inflammatory settings. Many factors play a role in the process, but no master regulator of BMSC-driven immunomodulation was identified. Consequently, an assay that might predict BMSC product efficacy is still unavailable. Below, we show that BMSC donor variability can be monitored by IL-10 production of monocytes/macrophages using THP-1 cells (immortalized monocytic leukemia cells) co-cultured with BMSCs. Using a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay, we also compared the ability of the different donor BMSCs to suppress T-cell proliferation, another measure of their immune-suppressive ability. We found that the BMSCs from a donor that induced the most IL-10 production were also the most efficient in suppressing T-cell proliferation. Transcriptome studies showed that the most potent BMSC batch also had higher expression of several known key immunomodulatory molecules such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), PDL1, and numerous members of the PGE2 pathway, including PTGS1 and TLR4. Multiplex ELISA experiments revealed higher expression of HGF and IL6 by the most potent BMSC donor. Based on these findings, we propose that THP-1 cells may be used to assess BMSC immunosuppressive activity as a product characterization assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Ren
- Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.R.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Gergely Szombath
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
- Károly Rácz Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lynn Vitale-Cross
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.V.-C.); (I.S.)
| | - David F. Stroncek
- Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.R.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Anna Hajdara
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ildiko Szalayova
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.V.-C.); (I.S.)
| | - Balazs Mayer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Eva Mezey
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.V.-C.); (I.S.)
| | - Krisztian Nemeth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
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Uwazie CC, Faircloth TU, Parr RN, Reddy YU, Hematti P, Rajan D, Chinnadurai R. Contrariety of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Functionality in Modulating Circulatory Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Subsets. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050725. [PMID: 37237538 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow are widely tested in clinical trials as a cellular therapy for potential inflammatory disorders. The mechanism of action of MSCs in mediating immune modulation is of wide interest. In the present study, we investigated the effect of human bone-marrow-derived MSCs in modulating the circulating peripheral blood dendritic cell responses through flow cytometry and multiplex secretome technology upon their coculture ex vivo. Our results demonstrated that MSCs do not significantly modulate the responses of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. However, MSCs dose-dependently promote the maturation of myeloid dendritic cells. Mechanistic analysis showed that dendritic cell licensing cues (Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-gamma) stimulate MSCs to secret an array of dendritic cell maturation-associated secretory factors. We also identified that MSC-mediated upregulation of myeloid dendritic cell maturation is associated with the unique predictive secretome signature. Overall, the present study demonstrated the dichotomy of MSC functionality in modulating myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. This study provides clues that clinical trials need to investigate if circulating dendritic cell subsets in MSC therapy can serve as potency biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal C Uwazie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Tyler U Faircloth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Rhett N Parr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Yenamala U Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Devi Rajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
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6
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Baliña-Sánchez C, Aguilera Y, Adán N, Sierra-Párraga JM, Olmedo-Moreno L, Panadero-Morón C, Cabello-Laureano R, Márquez-Vega C, Martín-Montalvo A, Capilla-González V. Generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from urine-derived iPSCs of pediatric brain tumor patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1022676. [PMID: 36776860 PMCID: PMC9910217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1022676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a virtually inexhaustible source of starting material for next generation cell therapies, offering new opportunities for regenerative medicine. Among different cell sources for the generation of iPSCs, urine cells are clinically relevant since these cells can be repeatedly obtained by non-invasive methods from patients of any age and health condition. These attributes encourage patients to participate in preclinical and clinical research. In particular, the use of urine-derived iPSC products is a convenient strategy for children with brain tumors, which are medically fragile patients. Here, we investigate the feasibility of using urine samples as a source of somatic cells to generate iPSC lines from pediatric patients with brain tumors (BT-iPSC). Urinary epithelial cells were isolated and reprogrammed using non-integrative Sendai virus vectors harboring the Yamanaka factors KLF4, OCT3/4, SOX2 and C-MYC. After reprogramming, BT-iPSC lines were subject to quality assessment and were compared to iPSCs obtained from urine samples of non-tumor pediatric patients (nonT-iPSC). We demonstrated that iPSCs can be successfully derived from a small volume of urine obtained from pediatric patients. Importantly, we showed that BT-iPSCs are equivalent to nonT-iPSCs in terms of morphology, pluripotency, and differentiation capacity into the three germ layers. In addition, both BT-iPSCs and nonT-iPSCs efficiently differentiated into functional mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (iMSC) with immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, this study provides an attractive approach to non-invasively generate personalized iMSC products intended for the treatment of children with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Baliña-Sánchez
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Norma Adán
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús María Sierra-Párraga
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Olmedo-Moreno
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Concepción Panadero-Morón
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain,*Correspondence: Vivian Capilla-González,
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