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Jung JK, Dreyer KS, Dray KE, Muldoon JJ, George J, Shirman S, Cabezas MD, D’Aquino AE, Verosloff MS, Seki K, Rybnicky GA, Alam KK, Bagheri N, Jewett MC, Leonard JN, Mangan NM, Lucks JB. Developing, characterizing and modeling CRISPR-based point-of-use pathogen diagnostics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601853. [PMID: 39005318 PMCID: PMC11244977 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have seen intense interest in the development of point-of-care nucleic acid diagnostic technologies to address the scaling limitations of laboratory-based approaches. Chief among these are combinations of isothermal amplification approaches with CRISPR-based detection and readouts of target products. Here, we contribute to the growing body of rapid, programmable point-of-care pathogen tests by developing and optimizing a one-pot NASBA-Cas13a nucleic acid detection assay. This test uses the isothermal amplification technique NASBA to amplify target viral nucleic acids, followed by Cas13a-based detection of amplified sequences. We first demonstrate an in-house formulation of NASBA that enables optimization of individual NASBA components. We then present design rules for NASBA primer sets and LbuCas13a guide RNAs for fast and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA fragments, resulting in 20 - 200 aM sensitivity without any specialized equipment. Finally, we explore the combination of high-throughput assay condition screening with mechanistic ordinary differential equation modeling of the reaction scheme to gain a deeper understanding of the NASBA-Cas13a system. This work presents a framework for developing a mechanistic understanding of reaction performance and optimization that uses both experiments and modeling, which we anticipate will be useful in developing future nucleic acid detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung K. Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University (Evanston IL, USA)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Center for Water Research, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Kathleen S. Dreyer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University (Evanston IL, USA)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Kate E. Dray
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University (Evanston IL, USA)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Joseph J. Muldoon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (San Francisco, CA, USA)
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology (San Francisco, CA, USA)
| | - Jithin George
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Sasha Shirman
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Maria D. Cabezas
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Anne E. D’Aquino
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Stemloop, Inc. (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Matthew S. Verosloff
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Kosuke Seki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University (Evanston IL, USA)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Grant A. Rybnicky
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | | | - Neda Bagheri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University (Evanston IL, USA)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Departments of Biology and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington (Seattle, WA, USA)
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University (Evanston IL, USA)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University (Stanford, CA)
| | - Joshua N. Leonard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University (Evanston IL, USA)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Niall M. Mangan
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
| | - Julius B. Lucks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University (Evanston IL, USA)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Center for Water Research, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA)
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Meyerowitz JT, Larsson EM, Murray RM. Development of Cell-Free Transcription-Translation Systems in Three Soil Pseudomonads. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:530-537. [PMID: 38319019 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In vitro transcription-translation (TX-TL) can enable faster engineering of biological systems. This speed-up can be significant, especially in difficult-to-transform chassis. This work shows the successful development of TX-TL systems using three soil-derived wild-type Pseudomonads known to promote plant growth: Pseudomonas synxantha, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Pseudomonas aureofaciens. All three species demonstrated multiple sonication, runoff, and salt conditions producing detectable protein synthesis. One of these new TX-TL systems, P. synxantha, demonstrated a maximum protein yield of 2.5 μM at 125 proteins per DNA template, a maximum protein synthesis rate of 20 nM/min, and a range of DNA concentrations with a linear correspondence with the resulting protein synthesis. A set of different constitutive promoters driving mNeonGreen expression were tested in TX-TL and integrated into the genome, showing similar normalized strengths for in vivo and in vitro fluorescence. This correspondence between the TX-TL-derived promoter strength and the in vivo promoter strength indicates that these lysate-based cell-free systems can be used to characterize and engineer biological parts without genomic integration, enabling a faster design-build-test cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Meyerowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 138-78, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Elin M Larsson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 138-78, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Richard M Murray
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 138-78, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Lux MW, Strychalski EA, Vora GJ. Advancing reproducibility can ease the 'hard truths' of synthetic biology. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2023; 8:ysad014. [PMID: 38022744 PMCID: PMC10640854 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproducibility has been identified as an outstanding challenge in science, and the field of synthetic biology is no exception. Meeting this challenge is critical to allow the transformative technological capabilities emerging from this field to reach their full potential to benefit the society. We discuss the current state of reproducibility in synthetic biology and how improvements can address some of the central shortcomings in the field. We argue that the successful adoption of reproducibility as a routine aspect of research and development requires commitment spanning researchers and relevant institutions via education, incentivization and investment in related infrastructure. The urgency of this topic pervades synthetic biology as it strives to advance fundamental insights and unlock new capabilities for safe, secure and scalable applications of biotechnology. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Lux
- Research & Operations Directorate, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, APG, MD 21010, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Strychalski
- Cellular Engineering Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Gary J Vora
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Piorino F, Styczynski MP. Complex Dependence of Escherichia coli-based Cell-Free Expression on Sonication Energy During Lysis. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3131-3136. [PMID: 37725792 PMCID: PMC10594866 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis─by sonication or bead beating, for example─is a key step in preparing extracts for cell-free expression systems. To create high protein-production capacity extracts, standard practice is to lyse cells sufficiently to thoroughly disrupt the membrane and thus extract expression machinery but without degrading that machinery. Here, we investigate the impact of different sonication energy inputs on the protein-production capacity of Escherichia coli extracts. While the existence of operator-specific optimal sonication energy inputs is widely known, our findings show that the sonication energy input that yields maximal protein output from a given expression template may depend on plasmid concentration, transcriptional and translational features (e.g., promoter), and other expression vector components (e.g., origin of replication). These results indicate that sonication protocols cannot be standardized to a single optimum, suggest strategies for improving protein yields, and more broadly highlight the need for better metrics and protocols for characterizing cell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Piorino
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Mark P. Styczynski
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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Yue K, Chen J, Li Y, Kai L. Advancing synthetic biology through cell-free protein synthesis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2899-2908. [PMID: 37216017 PMCID: PMC10196276 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of synthetic biology has enabled the production of compounds with revolutionary improvements in biotechnology. DNA manipulation tools have expedited the engineering of cellular systems for this purpose. Nonetheless, the inherent constraints of cellular systems persist, imposing an upper limit on mass and energy conversion efficiencies. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has demonstrated its potential to overcome these inherent constraints and has been instrumental in the further advancement of synthetic biology. Via the removal of the cell membranes and redundant parts of cells, CFPS has provided flexibility in directly dissecting and manipulating the Central Dogma with rapid feedback. This mini-review summarizes recent achievements of the CFPS technique and its application to a wide range of synthetic biology projects, such as minimal cell assembly, metabolic engineering, and recombinant protein production for therapeutics, as well as biosensor development for in vitro diagnostics. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives in developing a generalized cell-free synthetic biology are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 22116, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 22116, China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 22116, China
| | - Lei Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 22116, China
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