1
|
Robleto-Quesada J, Umaña-Blanco F, Solano-Barquero A, Allen J, Levi T, Gori F, Schnyder M, Rojas A. Seek, and you will find: Cryptic diversity of the cardiopulmonary nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum in the Americas. Acta Trop 2024; 258:107337. [PMID: 39098751 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus vasorum is a metastrongylid parasite infecting wild canids and domestic dogs. Its patchy distribution, high pathogenicity and taxonomical classification makes the evolutionary history of A. vasorum intriguing and important to study. First larval stages of A. vasorum were recovered from feces of two grey foxes, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, from Costa Rica. Sequencing and phylogenetic and haplotypic analyses of the ITS2, 18S and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) fragments were performed. Then p- and Nei´s genetic distance, nucleotide substitution rates and species delimitation analyses were conducted with cox1 data of the specimens collected herein and other Angiostrongylus spp. Cophylogenetic congruence and coevolutionary events of Angiostrongylus spp. and their hosts were evaluated using patristic and phenetic distances and maximum parsimony reconciliations. Specimens from Costa Rica clustered in a separate branch from European and Brazilian A. vasorum sequences in the phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses using the ITS2 and cox1 data. In addition, cox1 p-distance of the sequences derived from Costa Rica were up to 8.6 % different to the ones from Europe and Brazil, a finding mirrored in Nei´s genetic distance PCoA. Species delimitation analysis supported a separate group with the sequences from Costa Rica, suggesting that these worms may represent cryptic variants of A. vasorum, a new undescribed taxon or Angiocaulus raillieti, a synonym species of A. vasorum described in Brazil. Moreover, nucleotide substitution rates in A. vasorum were up to six times higher than in the congener Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This finding and the long time elapsed since the last common ancestor between both species may explain the larger diversity in A. vasorum. Finally, cophylogenetic congruence was observed between Angiostrongylus spp. and their hosts, with cospeciation events occurring at deeper taxonomic branching of host order. Altogether, our data suggest that the diversity of the genus Angiostrongylus is larger than expected, since additional species may be circulating in wild canids from the Americas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joby Robleto-Quesada
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica 11501-2060
| | - Fabián Umaña-Blanco
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica 11501-2060
| | - Alberto Solano-Barquero
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica 11501-2060; Laboratory of Helminthology, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica 11501-2060
| | - Jennifer Allen
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Taal Levi
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Francesca Gori
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Schnyder
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica 11501-2060; Laboratory of Helminthology, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica 11501-2060.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsubayashi M, Tsuchida S, Shibahara T, Ushida K, Fuglei E, Pedersen ÅØ, Nielsen ÓK, Duszynski DW, Skírnisson K. Comparative molecular analyses of Eimeria Schneider (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) species from rock ptarmigan in Iceland, Svalbard-Norway, and Japan. Syst Parasitol 2024; 101:31. [PMID: 38642205 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-024-10159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) has a Holarctic breeding distribution and is found in arctic and sub-arctic regions. Isolated populations and glacial relicts occur in alpine areas south of the main range, like the Pyrenees in Europe, the Pamir mountains in Central Asia, and the Japanese Alps. In recent decades considerable effort has been made to clarify parasite infections in the rock ptarmigan. Seven Eimeria spp. have been reported parasitizing rock ptarmigan. Two of those species, E. uekii and E. raichoi parasitizing rock ptarmigan (L. m. japonica) in Japan, have been identified genetically. Here we compare partial sequences of nuclear (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial (COI) genes and we detail the morphology of sporulated oocysts of E. uekii and E. raichoi from Japan, E. muta and E. rjupa, from the rock ptarmigan (L. m. islandorum) in Iceland, and two undescribed eimerian morphotypes, Eimeria sp. A, and Eimeria sp. B, from rock ptarmigan (L. m. hyperborea) in Norway (Svalbard in the Norwegian Archipelago). Two morphotypes, ellipsoidal and spheroidal, are recognized for each of the three host subspecies. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the ellipsoidal oocyst types, E. uekii, E. muta, and Eimeria sp. A (Svalbard-Norway) are identical and infects rock ptarmigan in Japan, Iceland, and Svalbard-Norway, respectively. Eimeria uekii was first described in Japan in 1981 so that E. muta, described in Iceland in 2007, and Eimeria sp. A in Svalbard-Norway are junior synonyms of E. uekii. Also, phylogenetic analysis shows that the spheroidal oocyst types, E. rjupa and Eimeria sp. B (Svalbard-Norway), are identical, indicating that rock ptarmigan in Iceland and Svalbard-Norway are infected by the same Eimeria species and differ from E. raichoi in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Eva Fuglei
- Fram Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Åshild Ø Pedersen
- Fram Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ólafur K Nielsen
- Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Urriðaholtsstræti 6-8, 210, Garðabær, Iceland
| | - Donald W Duszynski
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Karl Skírnisson
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, Keldur, University of Iceland, Keldnavegur 3, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lei HP, Jakovlić I, Zhou S, Liu X, Yan C, Jin X, Wang B, Li WX, Wang GT, Zhang D. Geography, phylogeny and host switch drive the coevolution of parasitic Gyrodactylus flatworms and their hosts. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:42. [PMID: 38291495 PMCID: PMC10825989 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gyrodactylus is a lineage of monogenean flatworm ectoparasites exhibiting many features that make them a suitable model to study the host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics. Previous coevolutionary studies of this lineage mainly relied on low-power datasets (a small number of samples and a single molecular marker) and (now) outdated algorithms. METHODS To investigate the coevolutionary relationship of gyrodactylids and their fish hosts in high resolution, we used complete mitogenomes (including two newly sequenced Gyrodactylus species), a large number of species in the single-gene dataset, and four different coevolutionary algorithms. RESULTS The overall coevolutionary fit between the parasites and hosts was consistently significant. Multiple indicators confirmed that gyrodactylids are generally highly host-specific parasites, but several species could parasitize either multiple (more than 5) or phylogenetically distant fish hosts. The molecular dating results indicated that gyrodactylids tend to evolve towards high host specificity. Speciation by host switch was identified as a more important speciation mode than co-speciation. Assuming that the ancestral host belonged to Cypriniformes, we inferred four major host switch events to non-Cypriniformes hosts (mostly Salmoniformes), all of which occurred deep in the evolutionary history. Despite their relative rarity, these events had strong macroevolutionary consequences for gyrodactylid diversity. For example, in our dataset, 57.28% of all studied gyrodactylids parasitized only non-Cypriniformes hosts, which implies that the evolutionary history of more than half of all included lineages could be traced back to these major host switch events. The geographical co-occurrence of fishes and gyrodactylids determined the host use by these gyrodactylids, and geography accounted for most of the phylogenetic signal in host use. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the coevolution of Gyrodactylus flatworms and their hosts is largely driven by geography, phylogeny, and host switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|