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Horton LM, Depenbusch BE, Dewsbury DM, McAtee TB, Betts NB, Renter DG. Comprehensive Outcomes Affected by Antimicrobial Metaphylaxis of Feedlot Calves at Medium-Risk for Bovine Respiratory Disease from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020067. [PMID: 36851371 PMCID: PMC9960805 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to evaluate the effects of metaphylaxis (META) and pull-and-treat (PT) programs on health, antimicrobial use, beef production, economics, and greenhouse gas emissions in cattle at medium risk for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). A randomized complete block design was used at two US commercial feedlots. Steers and heifers [2366 total; 261 (±11.0) kg initial weight] were blocked by sex and feedlot arrival, and allocated to one of two pens within a block (16 pens total, eight blocks). Pens were randomly assigned to treatment: META, tulathromycin injection at initial processing; or PT, tulathromycin injection only for first clinical BRD treatment. Data were analyzed with linear and generalized linear mixed models. There was greater BRD morbidity in PT than META cattle (17.2% vs. 7.3% respectively; p < 0.01), and greater total mortality (2.5% vs. 1.1% respectively; p = 0.03). Per animal enrolled, 1.1 antimicrobial doses were used for META compared to 0.2 for PT (p < 0.01). Per animal enrolled, final live (p = 0.04) and carcass (p = 0.08) weights were greater for META than PT; however, net returns ($/animal) were not significantly different (p = 0.71). Compared to PT, total lifetime estimated CO2 equivalent emissions from production were reduced by 2% per unit of live weight for META (p = 0.09). While antimicrobial use was reduced with PT, there may be substantial negative impacts on other outcomes if META was not used in this type of cattle population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Horton
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | - Diana M. Dewsbury
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Taylor B. McAtee
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | - David G. Renter
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Correspondence:
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Nieto CT, Manchado A, Belda L, Diez D, Garrido NM. 2-Phenethylamines in Medicinal Chemistry: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020855. [PMID: 36677913 PMCID: PMC9864394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A concise review covering updated presence and role of 2-phenethylamines in medicinal chemistry is presented. Open-chain, flexible alicyclic amine derivatives of this motif are enumerated in key therapeutic targets, listing medicinal chemistry hits and appealing screening compounds. Latest reports in discovering new bioactive 2-phenethylamines by research groups are covered too.
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Teeter JS, Werth SJ, Gruber SL, Kube JC, Hagenmaier JA, Allen JB, Herr CT, Brown MS, Boler D, Dilger AC, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Mitloehner FM. Effects of feeding lubabegron on gas emissions, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of beef cattle housed in small-pen environmentally monitored enclosures during the last 3 mo of the finishing period. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6444823. [PMID: 34849995 PMCID: PMC8668178 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of technologies that promote environmental stewardship while maintaining or improving the efficiency of food animal production is essential to the sustainability of producing a food supply to meet the demands of a growing population. As such, Elanco (Greenfield, IN) pursued an environmental indication for a selective β-modulator (lubabegron; LUB). LUB was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be fed to feedlot cattle during the last 14 to 91 d of the feeding period for reductions in gas emissions/kg of unshrunk final BW and HCW. A 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used with the factors of dose (0.0, 1.38, 5.5, or 22.0 mg·kg−1 DM basis) and sex (steers or heifers). Three 91-d cycles were conducted (112 cattle/cycle) with each dose × sex combination being represented by a single cattle pen enclosure (CPE; 14 cattle/CPE) resulting in a total of 168 steers and 168 heifers (n = 6 replicates/dose). There were no interactions observed between dose and sex for any variable measured in the study (P ≥ 0.063). Five gases were evaluated for all pens based on CPE concentrations relative to ambient air: NH3, CH4, N2O, H2S, and CO2. Cumulative NH3 gas emissions were reduced by feeding cattle 5.5 and 22.0 mg·kg−1 LUB (P ≤ 0.023) and tended (P = 0.076) to be lower for the cattle fed 1.38 mg·kg−1 LUB compared with the negative controls (CON). The cumulative NH3 gas emission reductions of 960 to 1032 g, coupled with HCW increases (P ≤ 0.019) of 15 to 16 kg for all LUB doses vs. CON, led to reductions in NH3 gas emissions/kg HCW for all three LUB treatments (P ≤ 0.004). Similar to HCW, reductions in NH3 gas emissions/kg of unshrunk final BW were observed for all LUB doses (P ≤ 0.009) and were attributable to both decreases in NH3 gas emissions and numerical increases in BW. Dose had no effect on cumulative emissions or emissions standardized by BW or HCW for the other four gases (P ≥ 0.268). LUB is a novel tool to reduce emissions of NH3 gas per kilogram of unshrunk live BW and hot carcass weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha J Werth
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dustin Boler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anna C Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yongjing Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuee Pan
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Frank M Mitloehner
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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