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Vautier AN, Cadaret CN. Long-Term Consequences of Adaptive Fetal Programming in Ruminant Livestock. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.778440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental perturbations during gestation can alter fetal development and postnatal animal performance. In humans, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) resulting from adaptive fetal programming is known as a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and predisposes offspring to metabolic disease, however, the prevalence and impact in livestock is not characterized as well. Multiple animal models have been developed as a proxy to determine mechanistic changes that underlie the postnatal phenotype resulting from these programming events in humans but have not been utilized as robustly in livestock. While the overall consequences are similar between models, the severity of the conditions appear to be dependent on type, timing, and duration of insult, indicating that some environmental insults are of more relevance to livestock production than others. Thus far, maternofetal stress during gestation has been shown to cause increased death loss, low birth weight, inefficient growth, and aberrant metabolism. A breadth of this data comes from the fetal ruminant collected near term or shortly thereafter, with fewer studies following these animals past weaning. Consequently, even less is known about how adaptive fetal programming impacts subsequent progeny. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the postnatal phenotype of livestock resulting from different models of fetal programming, with a focus on growth, metabolism, and reproductive efficiency. We further describe what is currently known about generational impacts of fetal programming in production systems, along with gaps and future directions to consider.
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Gibbs RL, Swanson RM, Beard JK, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. Deficits in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and whole-body oxidative metabolism in the intrauterine growth-restricted juvenile lamb are improved by daily treatment with clenbuterol. Transl Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Gibbs
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Rebecca M Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Joslyn K Beard
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Ty B Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Herrera NJ, Bland NA, Ribeiro FA, Henriott ML, Hofferber EM, Meier J, Petersen JL, Iverson NM, Calkins CR. Oxidative stress and postmortem meat quality in crossbred lambs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6276237. [PMID: 33991192 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of different levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated oxidative stress on fresh meat quality. Crossbred lambs (n = 29) were blocked by weight and fed a standard finishing ration for the duration of the study. Lambs were individually housed and treatment groups were administered one of three intravenous injections every 72 h across a three-injection (9-day) cycle: saline control (control), 50 ng LPS/kg body weight (BW) (LPS50), or 100 ng LPS/kg BW (LPS100). Rectal temperatures were measured to indicate inflammatory response. Lambs were harvested at the Loeffel Meat Laboratory and 80 mg of pre-rigor Longissimus lumborum were collected in control and LPS100 treatments within 30 min postmortem for RNA analysis. Wholesale loins were split and randomly assigned 1 or 14 d of wet aging. Chops were fabricated after aging and placed under retail display (RD) for 0 or 7 d. Animal was the experimental unit. LPS-treated lambs had increased (P < 0.05) rectal temperatures at 1, 2, 4, and 24 h post-injection. Transcriptomics revealed significant (Praw < 0.05) upregulation in RNA pathways related to generation of oxidative stress in LPS100 compared with control. A trend was found for tenderness (Warner-Bratzler shear force, WBSF; P = 0.10), chops from LPS50 having lower shear force compared with control at 1 d postmortem. Muscle from LPS50 treatment lambs exhibited greater troponin T degradation (P = 0.02) compared with all treatments at 1 d. Aging decreased WBSF (P < 0.0001), increased sarcoplasmic calcium concentration (P < 0.0001), pH (P < 0.0001), and proteolysis (P < 0.0001) across treatments. Following aging, chops increased discoloration as RD increased (P < 0.0001), with control chops aged 14 d being the most discolored. Chops from lambs given LPS had higher (P < 0.05) a* values compared with control at 14 d of aging. The L* values were greater (P < 0.05) in LPS100 compared with both LPS50 and control. Aging tended (P = 0.0608) to increase lipid oxidation during RD across either aging period. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in sarcomere length, proximate composition, fatty acid composition, or isoprostane content were found. These results suggest that defined upregulation of oxidative stress has no detriment on fresh meat color, but may alter biological pathways responsible for muscle stress response, apoptosis, and enzymatic processes, resulting in changes in tenderness early postmortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Herrera
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Nicolas A Bland
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Felipe A Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Morgan L Henriott
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Eric M Hofferber
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503-0908, USA
| | - Jakob Meier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503-0908, USA
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Nicole M Iverson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503-0908, USA
| | - Chris R Calkins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
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Gibbs RL, Swanson RM, Beard JK, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. Deficits in growth, muscle mass, and body composition following placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction persisted in lambs at 60 d of age but were improved by daily clenbuterol supplementation. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:S53-S57. [PMID: 33381721 PMCID: PMC7754231 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Gibbs
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Rebecca M Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Joslyn K Beard
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ty B Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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