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Pfau AP, Henniger MT, Samuelson KL, Hales KE, Löest CA, Hubbert ME, Lindholm-Perry AK, Egert-McLean AM, Mason KM, Shepherd EA, Voy BH, Myer PR. Effects of protein concentration and beta-adrenergic agonists on ruminal bacterial communities in finishing beef heifers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296407. [PMID: 38422047 PMCID: PMC10903865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
To improve animal performance and modify growth by increasing lean tissue accretion, beef cattle production has relied on use of growth promoting technologies such as beta-adrenergic agonists. These synthetic catecholamines, combined with the variable inclusion of rumen degradable (RDP) and undegradable protein (RUP), improve feed efficiency and rate of gain in finishing beef cattle. However, research regarding the impact of beta-adrenergic agonists, protein level, and source on the ruminal microbiome is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different protein concentrations and beta-adrenergic agonist (ractopamine hydrochloride; RAC) on ruminal bacterial communities in finishing beef heifers. Heifers (n = 140) were ranked according to body weight and assigned to pens in a generalized complete block design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments of 6 different treatment combinations, containing 3 protein treatments (Control: 13.9% CP, 8.9% RDP, and 5.0% RUP; High RDP: 20.9% CP, 14.4% RDP, 6.5% RUP; or High RUP: 20.9% CP, 9.7% RDP, 11.2% RUP) and 2 RAC treatments (0 and 400 mg/day). Rumen samples were collected via orogastric tubing 7 days before harvest. DNA from rumen samples were sequenced to identify bacteria based on the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Reads from treatments were analyzed using the packages 'phyloseq' and 'dada2' within the R environment. Beta diversity was analyzed based on Bray-Curtis distances and was significantly different among protein and RAC treatments (P < 0.05). Alpha diversity metrics, such as Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices, were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Bacterial differences among treatments after analyses using PROC MIXED in SAS 9 were identified for the main effects of protein concentration (P < 0.05), rather than their interaction. These results suggest possible effects on microbial communities with different concentrations of protein but limited impact with RAC. However, both may potentially act synergistically to improve performance in finishing beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison P. Pfau
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Madison T. Henniger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kendall L. Samuelson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kristin E. Hales
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Clint A. Löest
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Mike E. Hubbert
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Clayton Livestock Research Center, New Mexico State University, Clayton, New Mexico, United States of America
| | | | - Amanda M. Egert-McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Katie M. Mason
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Shepherd
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Phillip R. Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Yusuf M, Swanson KC, Hulsman Hanna LL, Degges R, Bauer ML. Solar radiation and temperature as predictor variables for dry matter intake in beef steers. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.975093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation may be an important weather variable that has not been included in previous dry matter intake (DMI) prediction models. Solar radiation affects the overall effective ambient temperature, which in turn contributes to the net gain of heat in an animal’s body. This experiment examined ambient temperature and solar radiation with DMI in beef steers. Data from 790 beef steers collected between 2011 and 2018 using an Insentec feeding system was used. Daily data was condensed into weekly averages (n = 13,895 steer-weeks). The variables considered for this study were DMI (2.50 to 23.60 kg/d), body weight (197 to 796 kg), calculated dietary energy density (NEm; 0.79 to 2.97 Mcal/kg), ambient temperature (-23.73 to 21.40°C), two-week lag of ambient temperature (-20.73 to 23.56°C), monthly lag of ambient temperature (-17.95 to 22.74°C), solar radiation (30.8 to 297.1 W/m2), two-week lag of solar radiation (34.6 to 272 W/m2) and monthly lag of solar radiation (43.7 to 256.6 W/m2). Residuals of DMI fitting week of the year (fixed) and experiment (random) were used to generate scatter plots with other explanatory variables to identify if non-linear relationships existed. Body weight and NEm had both linear and quadratic relationships with DMI, while the relationship with DMI for other variables was linear. The MIXED procedure of SAS with Toeplitz variance-covariance structure was used to determine the final model of DMI. After accounting for body weight and NEm in the model, two-week lag of ambient temperature and monthly lag of solar radiation interacted together (P = 0.0001), and this accounted for 0.7790 (R2) variation in DMI and improved the model fit. Therefore, these two variables and their interactions should be considered in DMI prediction equations of beef steers.
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Ribeiro GO, Terry S, Hünerberg M, Ominski K, Larney FJ, McAllister TA. Effect of trenbolone acetate, melengestrol acetate, and ractopamine hydrochloride on the growth performance of beef cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of trenbolone acetate + estradiol (TBA) implants, melengestrol acetate (MGA), and ractopamine hydrochloride + TBA (RAC + TBA) on growth performance and carcass characteristics in beef cattle (n = 680; 279 ± 10.1 kg) fed barley grain/corn silage was examined in a 4 yr study (four pens per treatment per year; 262 ± 8 d feeding period). In the first 2 yr, treatments were (1) control heifers (H-CON; no growth promoters), (2) TBA-implanted heifers (H-TBA), (3) MGA heifers (H-MGA), (4) control steers (S-CON; no growth promoters), and (5) TBA-implanted steers (S-TBA). A sixth treatment (6) RAC + TBA steers (RAC + TBA) was included in years 3 and 4. Overall dry matter intake (DMI) of heifers was increased (P < 0.001) by TBA but not MGA. Compared with H-CONs, H-TBA had greater average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.001), gain to feed ratio (G/F) (P < 0.001), and carcass weight (P < 0.001), whereas S-TBA had increased ADG (P < 0.001), G/F (P< 0.001), and carcass weight (P < 0.001) compared with S-CON. Compared with H-CON, H-MGA had increased (P < 0.01) ADG, G/F, and carcass weight. The RAC + TBA had increased (P < 0.01) ADG and carcass weight (3.2%) but not G/F or DMI compared with S-TBA. This 4 yr study showed a consistent positive impact of growth-enhancing technologies on the performance of Canadian feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O. Ribeiro
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Terry
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Martin Hünerberg
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ruminant Nutrition, University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Kim Ominski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Francis J. Larney
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Trotta RJ, Maddock-Carlin KR, Swanson KC. Influence of ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on pancreatic digestive enzyme activity in finishing steers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-nine finishing steers were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: supplementation to provide 0 or 267 mg·d−1 of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) for 42 d. Twelve steers were slaughtered for tissue and blood collection. Final body weight (BW) tended to be greater with RAC supplementation. Ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation decreased liver mass as a percentage of BW. Pancreatic protein concentration, digestive enzyme activities, serum glucose, and insulin concentrations were not influenced by RAC supplementation. Ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation decreased the pancreatic:α-amylase:trypsin and serum urea nitrogen concentrations. These data suggest that RAC may influence pancreatic exocrine function in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Trotta
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kasey R. Maddock-Carlin
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kendall C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Blears E, Ross E, Ogunbileje JO, Porter C, Murton AJ. The impact of catecholamines on skeletal muscle following massive burns: Friend or foe? Burns 2021; 47:756-764. [PMID: 33568281 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Profound skeletal muscle wasting in the setting of total body hypermetabolism is a defining characteristic of massive burns, compromising the patient's recovery and necessitating a protracted period of rehabilitation. In recent years, the prolonged use of the non-selective beta-blocker, propranolol, has gained prominence as an effective tool to assist with suppressing epinephrine-dependent burn-induced hypermetabolism and by extension, blunting muscle catabolism. However, synthetic β-adrenergic agonists, such as clenbuterol, are widely associated with the promotion of muscle growth in both animals and humans. Moreover, experimental adrenodemedullation is known to result in muscle catabolism. Therefore, the blunting of muscle β-adrenergic signaling via the use of propranolol would be expected to negatively impair muscle protein homeostasis. This review explores these paradoxical observations and identifies the manner by which propranolol is thought to exert its anti-catabolic effects in burn patients. Moreover, we identify potential avenues by which the use of beta-blocker therapy in the treatment of massive burns could potentially be further refined to promote the recovery of muscle mass in these critically ill patients while continuing to ameliorate total body hypermetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Blears
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evan Ross
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - John O Ogunbileje
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Craig Porter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Andrew J Murton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center of Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Webb MJ, Block JJ, Harty AA, Salverson RR, Daly RF, Jaeger JR, Underwood KR, Funston RN, Pendell DP, Rotz CA, Olson KC, Blair AD. Cattle and carcass performance, and life cycle assessment of production systems utilizing additive combinations of growth promotant technologies. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa216. [PMID: 33409468 PMCID: PMC7770620 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of beef production systems utilizing additive combinations of growth promotant technologies on animal and carcass performance and environmental outcomes. Crossbred steer calves (n =120) were stratified by birth date, birth weight, and dam age and assigned randomly to one of four treatments: 1) no technology (NT; control), 2) antibiotic treated (ANT; NT plus therapeutic antibiotics and monensin and tylosin), 3) implant treated (IMP; ANT plus a series of 3 implants, and 4) beta-agonist treated (BA; IMP plus ractopamine-HCl for the last 30 d prior to harvest). Weaned steers were fed in confinement (dry lot) and finished in an individual feeding system to collect performance data. At harvest, standard carcass measures were collected and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Yield Grade and Quality Grade were determined. Information from the cow-calf, growing, and finishing phases were used to simulate production systems using the USDA Integrated Farm System Model, which included a partial life cycle assessment of cattle production for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fossil energy use, water use, and reactive N loss. Body weight in suckling, growing, and finishing phases as well as hot carcass weight was greater (P < 0.05) for steers that received implants (IMP and BA) than non-implanted steers (NT and ANT). The average daily gain was greater (P < 0.05) for steers that received implants (IMP and BA) than non-implanted steers during the suckling and finishing phases, but no difference (P = 0.232) was detected during the growing phase. Dry matter intake and gain:feed were greater (P < 0.05) for steers that received implants than non-implanted steers during the finishing phase. Steers that received implants responded (P < 0.05) with a larger loin muscle area, less kidney pelvic and heart fat, advanced carcass maturity, reduced marbling scores, and a greater percentage of carcasses in the lower third of the USDA Choice grade. This was offset by a lower percentage of USDA Prime grading carcasses compared with steers receiving no implants. Treatments did not influence (P > 0.05) USDA Yield grade. The life cycle assessment revealed that IMP and BA treatments reduced GHG emissions, energy use, water use, and reactive nitrogen loss compared to NT and ANT. These data indicate that growth promoting technologies increase carcass yield while concomitantly reducing carcass quality and environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Webb
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Janna J Block
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University Hettinger Research Extension Center, Hettinger, ND
| | - Adele A Harty
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Robin R Salverson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Russell F Daly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - John R Jaeger
- Kansas Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS
| | - Keith R Underwood
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Rick N Funston
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE
| | - Dustin P Pendell
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Clarence A Rotz
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA
| | - Kenneth C Olson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Amanda D Blair
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
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