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He J, Xu J, Zheng M, Pan K, Yang L, Ma L, Wang C, Yu J. Thyroid dysfunction caused by exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors and the underlying mechanism: A review. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110909. [PMID: 38340975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid disease has been rapidly increasing, but its causes remain unclear. At present, many studies have focused on the relationship between environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) and the pathogenesis of thyroid disease. Herein, we summarize such studies exploring the effects of exposure to common EEDs on thyrotoxicosis, finding that EEDs appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of thyroid-related diseases such as thyroid cancer, goiter, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. To explore this causative effect in detail, we have analyzed the following three aspects of how EEDs are believed to exert their impacts on the occurrence and development of thyroid disease: (1) damage to the thyroid tissue structure, including disrupted mitochondria and the stratification of thyroid follicular epithelial cells; (2) disruption of thyroid hormone signaling, including thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion disorders, destruction of normal function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, disturbed estrogen signaling in the body, alterations to the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, inhibition of the release of thyroglobulin from thyroid cells, and reductions in the levels of sodium iodide co-transporters, thyroid peroxidase, deiodinase, and transthyretin; and (3) molecular mechanisms underlying the disruption of thyroid function, including competitive binding to T3 and T4 receptors, disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, activation of the ERK and Akt pathways, oxidative stress, regulation of the expression of the proto-oncogene k-Ras, tumor suppressor gene PTEN, and thyroid TSHR gene, and induction of autophagy in thyroid cells. Overall, this article reviews how EEDs can affect the occurrence and development of thyroid disease via multiple routes, thus providing new ideas to intervene for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Mucong Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Kai Pan
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Lilin Yang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Lina Ma
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Chuyang Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China.
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Xu W, Zhu X, Wang L, Ding G, Wang X, Sheng Y, Lv S, Yu J, Liu J, Duan Y. 2,3’,4,4’,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl induced thyroid dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:555-565. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yunlu Sheng
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
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