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Hayes G, Pinto J, Sparks SN, Wang C, Suri S, Bulte DP. Vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1010164. [PMID: 36440263 PMCID: PMC9684644 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the key moderators of cerebrovascular dynamics in response to the brain's oxygen and nutrient demands. Crucially, VSMCs may provide a sensitive biomarker for neurodegenerative pathologies where vasculature is compromised. An increasing body of research suggests that VSMCs have remarkable plasticity and their pathophysiology may play a key role in the complex process of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, extrinsic risk factors, including environmental conditions and traumatic events can impact vascular function through changes in VSMC morphology. VSMC dysfunction can be characterised at the molecular level both preclinically, and clinically ex vivo. However the identification of VSMC dysfunction in living individuals is important to understand changes in vascular function at the onset and progression of neurological disorders such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. A promising technique to identify changes in the state of cerebral smooth muscle is cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) which reflects the intrinsic dynamic response of blood vessels in the brain to vasoactive stimuli in order to modulate regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). In this work, we review the role of VSMCs in the most common neurodegenerative disorders and identify physiological systems that may contribute to VSMC dysfunction. The evidence collected here identifies VSMC dysfunction as a strong candidate for novel therapeutics to combat the development and progression of neurodegeneration, and highlights the need for more research on the role of VSMCs and cerebrovascular dynamics in healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Hayes
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Pinto
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sierra N. Sparks
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Congxiyu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. Bulte
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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2
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Namwong A, Kumphune S, Seenak P, Chotima R, Nernpermpisooth N, Malakul W. Pineapple fruit improves vascular endothelial dysfunction, hepatic steatosis, and cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:9988-9998. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is a significant risk factor for developing vascular disease and fatty liver. Pineapple (Ananas comosus), a tropical fruit widely cultivated in Asia, is reported to exhibit antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering...
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3
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Samuel O O. Review on multifaceted involvement of perivascular adipose tissue in vascular pathology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107259. [PMID: 32692664 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat tissue deposit that encircles the vasculature. PVAT is traditionally known to protect the vasculature from external stimuli that could cause biological stress. In addition to the protective role of PVAT, it secretes certain biologically active substances known as adipokines that induce paracrine effects on proximate blood vessels. These adipokines influence vascular tones. There are different types of PVAT and they are phenotypically and functionally distinct. These are the white and brown PVATs. Under certain conditions, white PVAT could undergo phenotypic switch to attain a brown PVAT-like phenotype. This type of PVAT is referred to as Beige PVAT. The morphology of adipose tissue is influenced by species, age, and sex. These factors play significant roles in adipose tissue mass, functionality, paracrine activity, and predisposition to vascular diseases. The difficulty that is currently experienced in extrapolating animal models to human physiology could be traceable to these factors. Up till now, the involvement of PVAT in the development of vascular pathology is still not well understood. Brown and white PVAT contribute differently to vascular pathology. Thus, the PVAT could be a therapeutic target in curbing certain vascular diseases. In this review, knowledge would be updated on the multifaceted involvement of PVAT in vascular pathology and also explore its vascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olapoju Samuel O
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardiometabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Simvastatin attenuates lung functional and vascular effects of hyperoxia in preterm rabbits. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:1193-1200. [PMID: 31816623 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a frequent complication following preterm birth, affecting respiratory health throughout life. Transcriptome analysis in a preterm rabbit model for BPD revealed dysregulation of key genes for inflammation, vascular growth and lung development in animals exposed to hyperoxia, which could be prevented by simvastatin. METHODS Preterm rabbits were randomized to either normoxia (21% O2) or hyperoxia (95% O2) and within each condition to treatment with 5 mg/kg simvastatin daily or control. Lung function, structure and mRNA-expression was assessed on day 7. RESULTS Simvastatin partially prevented the effect of hyperoxia on lung function, without altering alveolar structure or inflammation. A trend towards a less fibrotic phenotype was noted in simvastatin-treated pups, and airways were less muscularized. Most importantly, simvastatin completely prevented hyperoxia-induced arterial remodeling, in association with partial restoration of VEGFA and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression. Simvastatin however decreased survival in pups exposed to normoxia, but not to hyperoxia. CONCLUSION Repurposing of simvastatin could be an advantageous therapeutic strategy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other developmental lung diseases with pulmonary vascular disease. The increased mortality in the treated normoxia group however limits the translational value at this dose and administration route.
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Sanyour HJ, Li N, Rickel AP, Torres HM, Anderson RH, Miles MR, Childs JD, Francis KR, Tao J, Hong Z. Statin-mediated cholesterol depletion exerts coordinated effects on the alterations in rat vascular smooth muscle cell biomechanics and migration. J Physiol 2020; 598:1505-1522. [PMID: 32083311 DOI: 10.1113/jp279528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS This study demonstrates and evaluates the changes in rat vascular smooth muscle cell biomechanics following statin-mediated cholesterol depletion. Evidence is presented to show correlated changes in migration and adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells to extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and collagen. Concurrently, integrin α5 expression was enhanced but not integrin α2. Atomic force microscopy analysis provides compelling evidence of coordinated reduction in vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness and actin cytoskeletal orientation in response to statin-mediated cholesterol depletion. Proof is provided that statin-mediated cholesterol depletion remodels total vascular smooth muscle cell cytoskeletal orientation that may additionally participate in altering ex vivo aortic vessel function. It is concluded that statin-mediated cholesterol depletion may coordinate vascular smooth muscle cell migration and adhesion to different extracellular matrix proteins and regulate cellular stiffness and cytoskeletal orientation, thus impacting the biomechanics of the cell. ABSTRACT Not only does cholesterol induce an inflammatory response and deposits in foam cells at the atherosclerotic plaque, it also regulates cellular mechanics, proliferation and migration in atherosclerosis progression. Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that are known to inhibit cellular cholesterol biosynthesis and are clinically prescribed to patients with hypercholesterolemia or related cardiovascular conditions. Nonetheless, the effect of statin-mediated cholesterol management on cellular biomechanics is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of fluvastatin-mediated cholesterol management on primary rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) biomechanics. Real-time measurement of cell adhesion, stiffness, and imaging were performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cellular migration on extra cellular matrix (ECM) protein surfaces was studied by time-lapse imaging. The effect of changes in VSMC biomechanics on aortic function was assessed using an ex vivo myograph system. Fluvastatin-mediated cholesterol depletion (-27.8%) lowered VSMC migration distance on a fibronectin (FN)-coated surface (-14.8%) but not on a type 1 collagen (COL1)-coated surface. VSMC adhesion force to FN (+33%) and integrin α5 expression were enhanced but COL1 adhesion and integrin α2 expression were unchanged upon cholesterol depletion. In addition, VSMC stiffness (-46.6%) and ex vivo aortic ring contraction force (-40.1%) were lowered and VSMC actin cytoskeletal orientation was reduced (-24.5%) following statin-mediated cholesterol depletion. Altogether, it is concluded that statin-mediated cholesterol depletion may coordinate VSMC migration and adhesion to different ECM proteins and regulate cellular stiffness and cytoskeletal orientation, thus impacting the biomechanics of the cell and aortic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Sanyour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Alex P Rickel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Haydee M Torres
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Ruthellen H Anderson
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Miranda R Miles
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,Mechanical Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Josh D Childs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Kevin R Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Jianning Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
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E Silva PV, Borges CDS, Rosa JDL, Pacheco TL, Figueiredo TM, Leite GAA, Guerra MT, Anselmo-Franci JA, Klinefelter GR, Kempinas WDG. Effects of isolated or combined exposure to sibutramine and rosuvastatin on reproductive parameters of adult male rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:947-964. [PMID: 32072669 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Many obese patients are exposed to hypolipidemic and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drugs. Statins are one of the most marketed drugs in the world to treat dyslipidemia, while sibutramine, a SNRI drug, is prescribed in some countries to treat obesity and is detected as an additive in many adulterated weight loss supplements marketed worldwide. Previous studies reported adverse effects of isolated exposure to these drugs on male rat reproductive parameters. In the present work, we further investigated male reproductive toxicity of these drugs, administered in isolation or combination in adult rats for a longer period of treatment. Adult male rats (90 days) were treated (gavage) for 70 days with saline and dimethyl sulfoxide (control), sibutramine (10 mg/kg), rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg), or rosuvastatin combined with sibutramine. Sibutramine alone or with rosuvastatin, promoted a reduction in food intake and body weight gain, weight of the epididymis, ventral prostate and seminal vesicle; as well as decreased sperm reserves and transit time through the epididymis; androgen depletion; and increased index of cytoplasmic droplet. The rosuvastatin-treated group showed reduced frequency of ejaculation. Exposure to this drug alone or combined with sibutramine impaired epididymal morphology. Co-exposed rats had altered epididymal morphometry, and seminal vesicle and testis weights. The rats also showed decreased fertility after natural mating and a trend toward a delay in ejaculation, suggesting a small synergistic effect of these drugs. Given the greater reproductive efficiency of rodents, the results obtained in the present study raise concern regarding possible fertility impairment in men taking statins and SNRI drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Villela E Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele Dos Santos Borges
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane de Lima Rosa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Tainá Louise Pacheco
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Moreira Figueiredo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Trevizan Guerra
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gary Robert Klinefelter
- Reproductive Toxicity Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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7
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Ding F, Shan C, Li H, Zhang Y, Guo C, Zhou Z, Zheng J, Shen W, Dai Q, Ouyang Q, Wu X. Simvastatin alleviated diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction in rats by enhancing AMPK pathway-induced autophagy. Andrology 2020; 8:780-792. [PMID: 31955524 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction is a common diabetic complication, and new therapeutics and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction need to be investigated. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction and the pharmacological mechanism of simvastatin treatment in diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction model rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 86 male Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks old were used in this study. The rats were divided into three groups: control (normal), diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (streptozotocin-injected), and diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction + simvastatin (sim). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups for in vitro and in vivo analyses. A bioinformatics method was used to detect differences in gene expression in the corpus cavernosum between normal and diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction rats. Erectile function was measured by a cavernous nerve electrostimulation test. Corpus cavernosum fibrosis was assessed by Masson staining and Western blotting. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to explore the differential expression of autophagy-related genes and the AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 pathway genes in rat cavernous smooth muscle cells and the corpus cavernosum. The autophagosomes of the corpus cavernosum tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Autophagy-related genes and pathways (the AMPK and FoxO pathway) were identified by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed at the protein level. Simvastatin, an AMPK agonist, was used to treat diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction rats for 8 weeks, demonstrating that erectile function was improved for 80.5% (P < .05) of rats. Corpus cavernosum fibrosis was alleviated (P < .05), and autophagy was further enhanced (P < .05); these results might be partially caused by AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 pathway activation (P < .05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Simvastatin could enhance protective autophagy by activating the AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 pathway to improve erectile function in diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ding
- Institute of Urinary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changyu Shan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunling Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhansong Zhou
- Institute of Urinary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Institute of Urinary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Institute of Urinary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Institute of Urinary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Institute of Urinary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Statins with different lipophilic indices exert distinct effects on skeletal, cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. Life Sci 2019; 242:117225. [PMID: 31881229 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Data concerning the influence of statin lipophilicity on the myotoxic and pleiotropic effects of statins is conflicting, and mechanistic head-to-head comparison studies evaluating this parameter are limited. In order to address the disparity, this mechanistic investigation aimed to assess the effects of two short-acting statins with different lipophilic indices on skeletal, cardiac and vascular smooth muscle physiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Young female Wistar rats were randomised to simvastatin (80 mg kg-1 day-1), pravastatin (160 mg kg-1 day-1) or control treatment groups. Changes in functional muscle performance were assessed, as well as mRNA levels of genes relating to atrophy, hypertrophy, mitochondrial function and/or oxidative stress. KEY FINDINGS There were no significant differences in the mRNA profiles of isolated skeletal muscles amongst the treatment groups. In terms of skeleletal muscle performance, simvastatin reduced functionality but treatment with pravastatin significantly improved force production. Rodents given simvastatin demonstrated comparable myocardial integrity to the control group. Conversely, pravastatin reduced left ventricular action potential duration, diastolic stiffness and Mhc-β expression. Pravastatin improved endothelium-dependent relaxation, particularly in muscular arteries, but this effect was absent in the simvastatin-treated rats. The responsiveness of isolated blood vessels to noradrenaline also differed between the statin groups. The findings of this study support that the effects of statins on skeletal, cardiac and vascular smooth muscle vary with their lipophilic indices. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work have important implications for elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the myotoxic and pleiotropic effects of statins.
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9
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Liu J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Huo M, Sun X, Xu Z, Tan N, Du K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang W. A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Qishen Granules in Heart Failure. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7735-7745. [PMID: 31613871 PMCID: PMC6813758 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms of Qishen granules (QSG) in the treatment of HF, and to provide new evidence and insights for its clinical application. Information on QSG ingredients was collected from Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP), TCM@Taiwan, TCMID, and Batman, and input into SwissTargetPrediction to identify the compound targets. HF-related targets were detected from Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), Disgenet-Gene, Drugbank database, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The overlap targets of QSG and HF were identified for pathway enrichment analysis by utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of QSG-HF was constructed, following by the generation of core targets, construction of core modules, and KEGG analysis of the core functional modules. There were 1909 potential targets predicted from the 243 bioactive compounds in QSG which shared 129 common targets with HF-related targets. KEGG pathway analysis of common targets indicated that QSG could regulated 23 representative pathways. In the QSG-HF PPI network analysis, 10 key targets were identified, including EDN1, AGT, CREB1, ACE, CXCR4, ADRBK1, AGTR1, BDKRB1, ADRB2, and F2. Further cluster and enrichment analysis suggested that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, renin secretion, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and the renin-angiotensin system might be core pathways of QSG for HF. Our study elucidated the possible mechanisms of QSG from a systemic and holistic perspective. The key targets and pathways will provide new insights for further research on the pharmacological mechanism of QSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yili Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Mengqi Huo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Respiratory Department, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Nannan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Kangjia Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
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10
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Pahk K, Noh H, Joung C, Jang M, Song HY, Kim KW, Han K, Hwang JI, Kim S, Kim WK. A novel CD147 inhibitor, SP-8356, reduces neointimal hyperplasia and arterial stiffness in a rat model of partial carotid artery ligation. J Transl Med 2019; 17:274. [PMID: 31429778 PMCID: PMC6700999 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neointimal hyperplasia and its related arterial stiffness are the crucial pathophysiological features in atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis. Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), a member of the immunoglobulin super family that induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by dimerization, may play important roles in neointimal hyperplasia and may therefore be an effective target for the treatment of this condition. Here, we investigated whether a novel CD147 inhibitor SP-8356 ((1S,5R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxystyryl)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) reduces neointimal hyperplasia and arterial stiffness in a rat model of partial carotid artery ligation. Methods Neointimal hyperplasia was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by partial ligation of the right carotid artery combined with a high fat diet and vitamin D injection. Rats were subdivided into vehicle, SP-8356 (50 mg/kg), and rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg) groups. The drugs were administrated via intraperitoneal injections for 4 weeks. The elasticity of blood vessels was assessed by measuring pulse wave velocity using Doppler ultrasonography before sacrifice. Histomolecular analysis was carried out on harvested carotid arteries. Results SP-8356 significantly reduced MMP activity by inhibiting CD147 dimerization. SP-8356 reduced neointimal hyperplasia and prevented the deterioration of vascular elasticity. SP-8356 had a greater inhibitory effect on neointimal hyperplasia than did rosuvastatin. Furthermore, rosuvastatin did not improve vascular elasticity. SP-8356 increased the expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), but decreased the expression of collagen type III and MMP-9 in the neointimal region. In contrast to SP-8356, rosuvastatin did not alter the expression of SM-MHC or MMP-9. Conclusions The ability of SP-8356 to reduce neointimal hyperplasia and improve arterial stiffness in affected carotid artery suggests that SP-8356 could be a promising therapeutic drug for vascular remodeling disorders involving neointimal hyperplasia and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Pahk
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Noh
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Chanmin Joung
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Hwa Young Song
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea.
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11
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Simvastatin causes pulmonary artery relaxation by blocking smooth muscle ROCK and calcium channels: Evidence for an endothelium-independent mechanism. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220473. [PMID: 31369604 PMCID: PMC6675113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin reduces pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy in animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and is thought to restore endothelial dysfunction. In vivo effects of drugs are complicated by several factors and little is known of the direct effects of statins on pulmonary arteries. This study investigated the direct effects of simvastatin on pulmonary arteries isolated from rats with or without monocrotaline-induced PAH. Simvastatin suppressed contractions evoked by the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619 (30 nM), the α1–adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (5 μM) and KCl (50 mM) by ~50% in healthy and diseased arteries, but did not reduce contraction evoked by sarco/endoplasmic reticulum ATPase blockers. It relaxed hypertensive arteries in the absence of stimulation. Removing the endothelium or inhibiting eNOS did not prevent the inhibition by simvastatin. Inhibiting RhoA/rho kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 (10 μM) suppressed contractions to U46619 and phenylephrine by ~80% and prevented their inhibition by simvastatin. Y27632 reduced KCl-induced contraction by ~30%, but did not prevent simvastatin inhibition. Simvastatin suppressed Ca2+ entry into smooth muscle cells, as detected by Mn2+ quench of fura-2 fluorescence. The calcium antagonist, nifedipine (1 μM), almost abolished K+-induced contraction with less effect against U46619 and phenylephrine. We conclude that simvastatin relaxes pulmonary arteries by acting on smooth muscle to interfere with signalling through G-protein coupled receptors and voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry. Its actions likely include inhibition of ROCK-dependent Ca2+ sensitisation and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. These are likely to contribute to the beneficial effects of simvastatin in animal models of PAH.
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12
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Boyle AK, Rinaldi SF, Rossi AG, Saunders PTK, Norman JE. Repurposing simvastatin as a therapy for preterm labor: evidence from preclinical models. FASEB J 2018; 33:2743-2758. [PMID: 30312114 PMCID: PMC6338657 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801104r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, urgently requires novel therapeutic agents. Spontaneous PTB, resulting from preterm labor, is commonly caused by intrauterine infection/inflammation. Statins are well-established, cholesterol-lowering drugs that can reduce inflammation and inhibit vascular smooth muscle contraction. We show that simvastatin reduced the incidence of PTB in a validated intrauterine LPS-induced PTB mouse model, decreased uterine proinflammatory mRNA concentrations (IL-6, Cxcl1, and Ccl2), and reduced serum IL-6 concentration. In human myometrial cells, simvastatin reduced proinflammatory mediator mRNA and protein expression (IL-6 and IL-8) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression (IL-10 and IL-13). Critically, simvastatin inhibited myometrial cell contraction, basally and during inflammation, and reduced phosphorylated myosin light chain concentration. Supplementation with mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not farnesyl pyrophosphate, abolished these anticontractile effects, indicating that the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase pathway is critically involved. Thus, simvastatin reduces PTB incidence in mice, inhibits myometrial contractions, and exhibits key anti-inflammatory effects, providing a rationale for investigation into the repurposing of statins to treat preterm labor in women.—Boyle, A. K., Rinaldi, S. F., Rossi, A. G., Saunders, P. T. K., Norman, J. E. Repurposing simvastatin as a therapy for preterm labor: evidence from preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Boyle
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sara F Rinaldi
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa T K Saunders
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E Norman
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
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Sun SW, Tong WJ, Guo ZF, Tuo QH, Lei XY, Zhang CP, Liao DF, Chen JX. Curcumin enhances vascular contractility via induction of myocardin in mouse smooth muscle cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1329-1339. [PMID: 28504250 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of cardiovascular diseases is accompanied by the loss of vascular contractility. This study sought to investigate the effects of curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound present in turmeric, on mouse vascular contractility and the underlying mechanisms. After mice were administered curcumin (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) for 6 weeks, the contractile responses of the thoracic aorta to KCl and phenylephrine were significantly enhanced compared with the control group. Furthermore, the contractility of vascular smooth muscle (SM) was significantly enhanced after incubation in curcumin (25 μmol/L) for 4 days, which was accompanied by upregulated expression of SM marker contractile proteins SM22α and SM α-actin. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), curcumin (10, 25, 50 μmol/L) significantly increased the expression of myocardin, a "master regulator" of SM gene expression. Curcumin treatment also significantly increased the levels of caveolin-1 in VSMCs. We found that as a result of the upregulation of caveolin-1, curcumin blocked the activation of notch1 and thereby abolished Notch1-inhibited myocardin expression. Knockdown of caveolin-1 or activation of Notch1 signaling with Jagged1 (2 μg/mL) diminished these effects of curcumin in VSMCs. These findings suggest that curcumin induces the expression of myocardin in mouse smooth muscle cells via a variety of mechanisms, including caveolin-1-mediated inhibition of notch1 activation and Notch1-mediated repression of myocardin expression. This may represent a novel pathway, through which curcumin protects blood vessels via the beneficial regulation of SM contractility.
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Almukhtar H, Garle M, Smith P, Roberts R. Effect of simvastatin on vascular tone in porcine coronary artery: Potential role of the mitochondria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:176-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kang S, Kim K, Noh JY, Jung Y, Bae ON, Lim KM, Chung JH. Simvastatin induces the apoptosis of normal vascular smooth muscle through the disruption of actin integrity via the impairment of RhoA/Rac-1 activity. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:496-505. [PMID: 27306926 DOI: 10.1160/th15-11-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Statins, lipid-lowering agents for the prevention of atherosclerosis and fatal coronary heart diseases, have pleiotropic modalities on the function and physiology of vascular smooth muscle that include anti-contractile and pro-apoptotic effects. These effects were suggested to stem from the inhibition of small GTPase Rho A, but they are largely regarded as distinct and unrelated. Recently, we discovered that simvastatin causes both contractile dysfunction and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), reflecting that they may be closely related, yet their connecting link remains unexplained. Here, we elaborated the mechanism underlying simvastatin-induced apoptosis of normal VSMCs in connection with contractile dysfunction. Repeated oral administration of simvastatin to rats in vivo resulted in contractile dysfunction and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle, of which pattern was well reproduced in rat VSMCs in vitro. Of note, contractile dysfunction and apoptosis occurred in concerted manners both in vivo and in vitro in the aspects of time course and dose of exposure. In rat VSMCs, simvastatin impaired the activation of small GTPases, RhoA along with Rac-1, which resulted in the disruption of actin integrity, a pivotal factor both for the generation of contractile force and survival of VSMCs. In line with the disruption of actin integrity, Bmf, a pro-apoptotic factor bound to intact actin, dissociated and translocated into mitochondria, which corresponded well with the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activation and ultimately apoptosis. These events were all rescued by an actin stabilisation agent, jasplakinolide as well as geranylgeraniol, indicating that damages of the actin integrity from disrupted activation of RhoA/Rac-1 lies at the center of simvastatin-induced contractile dysfunction and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyung-Min Lim
- Kyung-Min Lim, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea, E-mail:
| | - Jin-Ho Chung
- Jin-Ho Chung, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, E-mail:
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16
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Early regression of coronary artery remodeling with esmolol and DDAH/ADMA pathway in hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:692-700. [PMID: 27250567 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our preclinical study demonstrated that esmolol produces early regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of short-term esmolol therapy on the regression of left anterior descending artery remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and to determine whether the asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)/dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) pathway, a regulator of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, accounted for this regression. Fourteen-month-old male SHRs were treated intravenously with vehicle (SHR, n=15) or esmolol (SHR-E, n=20) (300 μg kg-1 min-1). Age-matched, vehicle-treated male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n=15) served as controls. SHRs were also treated with nitroglycerin (SHR-N, n=5). After 48 h, the left anterior descending artery structure and morphology were assessed, and dose-response curves for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10-9-3 × 10-5 mol l-1) were constructed. ADMA concentrations in plasma and left ventricle and DDAH activity in tissue were analyzed. Wall thickness and cross-sectional area were significantly lower after treatment with esmolol in SHR-E than in SHR. Media thickness and smooth muscle cell count were lower in SHR-E than in SHR. Esmolol induced a significant reduction in adventitial cell count in SHR-E. The area under the concentration-response curves was significantly higher in SHR than in SHR-E, as were the esmolol normalized coronary artery contracting responses to 5-HT. We found significantly lower ADMA levels and significantly higher DDAH activity in the ventricle in SHR-E than in SHR. The protective effect of esmolol on the regression of left anterior descending artery remodeling may be related to the reduction in ADMA levels.
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Cole BK, Simmers MB, Feaver R, Qualls CW, Collado MS, Berzin E, Figler RA, Pryor AW, Lawson M, Mackey A, Manka D, Wamhoff BR, Turk JR, Blackman BR. An In Vitro Cynomolgus Vascular Surrogate System for Preclinical Drug Assessment and Human Translation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2185-95. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives—
The predictive value of animal and in vitro systems for drug development is limited, particularly for nonhuman primate studies as it is difficult to deduce the drug mechanism of action. We describe the development of an in vitro cynomolgus macaque vascular system that reflects the in vivo biology of healthy, atheroprone, or advanced inflammatory cardiovascular disease conditions.
Approach and Results—
We compare the responses of the in vitro human and cynomolgus vascular systems to 4 statins. Although statins exert beneficial pleiotropic effects on the human vasculature, the mechanism of action is difficult to investigate at the tissue level. Using RNA sequencing, we quantified the response to statins and report that most statins significantly increased the expression of genes that promote vascular health while suppressing inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Applying computational pathway analytics, we identified statin-regulated biological themes, independent of cholesterol lowering, that provide mechanisms for off-target effects, including thrombosis, cell cycle regulation, glycogen metabolism, and ethanol degradation.
Conclusions—
The cynomolgus vascular system described herein mimics the baseline and inflammatory regional biology of the human vasculature, including statin responsiveness, and provides mechanistic insight not achievable in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banumathi K. Cole
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Michael B. Simmers
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Ryan Feaver
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Charles W. Qualls
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - M. Sol Collado
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Erica Berzin
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Robert A. Figler
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Andrew W. Pryor
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Mark Lawson
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Aaron Mackey
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - David Manka
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Brian R. Wamhoff
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - James R. Turk
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Brett R. Blackman
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
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18
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Bruder-Nascimento T, Callera GE, Montezano AC, He Y, Antunes TT, Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Tostes RC, Touyz RM. Vascular injury in diabetic db/db mice is ameliorated by atorvastatin: role of Rac1/2-sensitive Nox-dependent pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:411-23. [PMID: 25358739 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress [increased bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS)] plays a role in the endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, which underlie vascular damage in diabetes. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that are vasoprotective in diabetes through unknown mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that atorvastatin decreases NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived ROS generation and associated vascular injury in diabetes. Lepr(db)/Lepr(db) (db/db) mice, a model of Type 2 diabetes and control Lepr(db)/Lepr(+) (db/+) mice were administered atorvastatin (10 mg/kg per day, 2 weeks). Atorvastatin improved glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Systemic and vascular oxidative stress in db/db mice, characterized by increased plasma TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) levels and exaggerated vascular Nox-derived ROS generation respectively, were inhibited by atorvastatin. Cytosol-to-membrane translocation of the Nox regulatory subunit p47(phox) and the small GTPase Rac1/2 was increased in vessels from db/db mice compared with db/+ mice, an effect blunted by atorvastatin. The increase in vascular Nox1/2/4 expression and increased phosphorylation of redox-sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was abrogated by atorvastatin in db/db mice. Pro-inflammatory signalling (decreased IκB-α and increased NF-κB p50 expression, increased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation) and associated vascular inflammation [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression and vascular monocyte adhesion], which were increased in aortas of db/db mice, were blunted by atorvastatin. Impaired acetylcholine (Ach)- and insulin (INS)-induced vasorelaxation in db/db mice was normalized by atorvastatin. Our results demonstrate that, in diabetic mice, atorvastatin decreases vascular oxidative stress and inflammation and ameliorates vascular injury through processes involving decreased activation of Rac1/2 and Nox. These findings elucidate redox-sensitive and Rac1/2-dependent mechanisms whereby statins protect against vascular injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- *Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia E Callera
- †Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- ‡Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ying He
- †Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tayze T Antunes
- †Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Rita C Tostes
- *Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- †Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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