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Tucker DK, Macon MB, Strynar MJ, Dagnino S, Andersen E, Fenton SE. The mammary gland is a sensitive pubertal target in CD-1 and C57Bl/6 mice following perinatal perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 54:26-36. [PMID: 25499722 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a developmental toxicant in mice, with varied strain outcomes depending on dose and period of exposure. The impact of PFOA on female mouse pubertal development at low doses (≤1mg/kg) has yet to be determined. Therefore, female offspring from CD-1 and C57Bl/6 dams exposed to PFOA, creating serum concentrations similar to humans, were examined for pubertal onset, including mammary gland development. Pups demonstrated a shorter PFOA elimination half-life than that reported for adult mice. Prenatal exposure to PFOA caused significant mammary developmental delays in female offspring in both strains. Delays started during puberty and persisted into young adulthood; severity was dose-dependent. Also an evaluation of female serum hormone levels and pubertal timing onset revealed no effects of PFOA compared to controls in either strain. These data suggest that the mammary gland is more sensitive to early low level PFOA exposures compared to other pubertal endpoints, regardless of strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tucker
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the NTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Madisa B Macon
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the NTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Mark J Strynar
- Methods Development and Application Branch, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Sonia Dagnino
- ORISE fellow at the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Erik Andersen
- Exposure Measurements and Analysis Branch, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the NTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
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