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Zangari M, Zabucchi G, Conti M, Lorenzon P, Borelli V, Constanti A, Dellisanti F, Leone S, Vaccari L, Bernareggi A. Effect of Synthetic Vitreous Fiber Exposure on TMEM16A Channels in a Xenopus laevis Oocyte Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8661. [PMID: 39201347 PMCID: PMC11354525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Many years ago, asbestos fibers were banned and replaced by synthetic vitreous fibers because of their carcinogenicity. However, the toxicity of the latter fibers is still under debate, especially when it concerns the early fiber interactions with biological cell membranes. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of a synthetic vitreous fiber named FAV173 on the Xenopus laevis oocyte membrane, the cell model we have already used to characterize the effect of crocidolite asbestos fiber exposure. Using an electrophysiological approach, we found that, similarly to crocidolite asbestos, FAV173 was able to stimulate a chloride outward current evoked by step membrane depolarizations, that was blocked by the potent and specific TMEM16A channel antagonist Ani9. Exposure to FAV173 fibers also altered the oocyte cell membrane microvilli morphology similarly to crocidolite fibers, most likely as a consequence of the TMEM16A protein interaction with actin. However, FAV173 only partially mimicked the crocidolite fibers effects, even at higher fiber suspension concentrations. As expected, the crocidolite fibers' effect was more similar to that induced by the co-treatment with (Fe3+ + H2O2), since the iron content of asbestos fibers is known to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Taken together, our findings suggest that FAV173 may be less harmful that crocidolite but not ineffective in altering cell membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zangari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.L.); (V.B.)
- CERIC-ERIC, Strada Statale 14, Km 163.5, AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, Km 163.5, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giuliano Zabucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.L.); (V.B.)
| | - Martina Conti
- CNR-IOM—Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Paola Lorenzon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.L.); (V.B.)
| | - Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.L.); (V.B.)
| | - Andrew Constanti
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Francesco Dellisanti
- ANALITICA—Mineralogical and Envirnomental Laboratory, San Lazzaro di Savena, 40068 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Sara Leone
- S.C. Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli Ambienti di Lavoro Laboratorio Fibre, ASUGI—Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Via Sai, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, Km 163.5, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Bernareggi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.L.); (V.B.)
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Bernareggi A, Zangari M, Constanti A, Zacchi P, Borelli V, Mangogna A, Lorenzon P, Zabucchi G. Asbestos Fibers Enhance the TMEM16A Channel Activity in Xenopus Oocytes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:180. [PMID: 36837683 PMCID: PMC9960392 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of asbestos fibers with target cell membranes is still poorly investigated. Here, we detected and characterized an enhancement of chloride conductance in Xenopus oocyte cell membranes induced by exposure to crocidolite (Croc) asbestos fibers. METHODS A two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique was used to test the effect of Croc fiber suspensions on outward chloride currents evoked by step membrane depolarization. Calcium imaging experiments were also performed to investigate the variation of 'resting' oocyte [Ca2+]i following asbestos exposure. RESULTS The increase in chloride current after asbestos treatment, was sensitive to [Ca2+]e, and to specific blockers of TMEM16A Ca2+-activated chloride channels, MONNA and Ani9. Furthermore, asbestos treatment elevated the 'resting' [Ca2+]i likelihood by increasing the cell membrane permeability to Ca2 in favor of a tonic activation of TMEME16A channels. Western blot analysis confirmed that TMEME16A protein was endogenously present in the oocyte cell membrane and absorbed by Croc. CONCLUSION the TMEM16A channels endogenously expressed by Xenopus oocytes are targets for asbestos fibers and represent a powerful tool for asbestos-membrane interaction studies. Interestingly, TMEM16A channels are highly expressed in many types of tumors, including some asbestos-related cancers, suggesting them, for the first time, as a possible early target of crocidolite-mediated tumorigenic effects on target cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bernareggi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Zangari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrew Constanti
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via Dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Lorenzon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliano Zabucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Zanella D, Bossi E, Gornati R, Faria N, Powell J, Bernardini G. The direct permeation of nanoparticles through the plasma membrane transiently modifies its properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:182997. [PMID: 31150635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to metal nanoparticles (NPs) has increased with their widespread use in industry, research and medicine. It is well known that NPs may enter cells and that this mechanism is crucial to exert both the therapeutic and toxicity effects. The main cellular entrance route is endocytosis-based, however, recent experimental studies, have reported that NPs can also enter the cell crossing directly the plasma membrane, it is thus important to investigate this alternative internalization mechanism. Size, surface chemistry, solubility and shape play a role in NP ability of entering the cell, but it is still to be elucidated how these properties act on cell membrane. We have demonstrated that a direct permeation of metal oxide NPs through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane can occur, giving direct access to the cytoplasm. In this paper, using the powerful tool of Xenopus laevis oocytes and two electrode Voltage Clamp, we have investigated several parameters that can influence the direct crossing. The most significant of them is the NP hydrodynamic size as clearly shown by the comparison of the behaviour between Co3O4 and NiO NPs. By collecting biophysical membrane parameters in different conditions, we have shown that NPs that are able to cross the membrane share the ability to maintain a hydrodynamic size lower than 200 nm. The presence of this route of entrance must be considered for a better comprehension of the effect at intracellular level considering possible mechanism in order to a safer design of engineered NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zanella
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK
| | - Jonathan Powell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
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On the mechanism of the electrophysiological changes and membrane lesions induced by asbestos fiber exposure in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2014. [PMID: 30765791 PMCID: PMC6376119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The so-called amphibole asbestos fibers are enriched with mineral iron ions, able to stimulate ROS production. We recently reported that crocidolite asbestos was able to interact with the cell membranes of Xenopus laevis oocytes, to alter their electrical membrane properties. Here, we found that applied iron ions (Fe3+) or H2O2 (for ROS generation) mimicked these effects, suggesting that at least one effect of iron-containing asbestos fiber exposure was mediated by ROS production. Furthermore, combined Fe3+ and H2O2 acted synergistically, producing a membrane effect stronger than that induced by these factors alone. Similar to crocidolite, these changes peaked within 30 minutes of incubation and vanished almost completely after 120 min. However, in the presence of cytochalasin D, which inhibits membrane actin repair mechanisms, crocidolite or applied Fe3+/H2O2 invariably produced oocyte cell death. While the electrophysiological modifications induced by crocidolite suggested a modification of an intrinsic chloride ion channel, the morphological appearance of the treated oocytes also indicated the formation of membrane “pores”; the effects of asbestos exposure may therefore consist of multiple (not necessarily exclusive) underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, using Xenopus oocytes allowed us for the first time, to focus on a specific membrane effect of crocidolite asbestos exposure, which deserves to be tested also on human lung cell lines. Much available evidence suggests that asbestos fibers damage cells through the production of ROS. Our present data confirm that crocidolite fibers can indeed trigger ROS-mediated damaging effects in the oocyte cell membrane, provided iron ions and H2O2 are available for ROS production.
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Huo T, Dong F, Deng J, Zhang Q, Ye W, Zhang W, Wang P, Sun D. In vitro genotoxicity of asbestos substitutes induced by coupled stimulation of dissolved high-valence ions and oxide radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22356-22367. [PMID: 28766145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of asbestos and its substitutes has given rise to studies on their possible harmful effects on human health and environment. However, their toxic effects remain unclear. The present study was aimed to disclose the coupled effects of dissolved high-valence ions and oxide radicals using the in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of chrysotile (CA), nano-SiO2 (NS), ceramic fiber (CF), glass fiber (GF), and rock wool (RW) on Chinese hamster lung cells V79. All samples induced cell mortality correlated well with the chemical SiO2 content of asbestos substitutes and the amount of dissolved Si. Alkali or alkaline earth metal elements relieved mortality of V79 cells; Al2O3 reinforced toxicity of materials. Asbestos substitutes generated lasting, increasing amount of acellular ·OH which formed at the fiber surface at sites with loose/unsaturated bonds, as well as by catalytic reaction through dissolved iron. Accumulated mechanical and radical stimulation induced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, morphology change, and deviating trans-membrane ion flux. The cellular ROS appeared as NS > GF > CF ≈ CA > RW, consistent with cell mortality rather than with acellular ·OH generation. Chromosomal and DNA lesions in V79 cells were not directly associated with the cellular ROS, while influenced by dissolved high-valence irons in the co-culture medium. In conclusion, ions from short-time dissolution of dust samples and the generation of extracellular ·OH presented combined effects in the elevation of intracellular ROS, which further synergistically induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huo
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, 621010, China
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wei Ye
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Dongping Sun
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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The Secretory Response of Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells on Exposure to Mineral Fibers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010104. [PMID: 29320402 PMCID: PMC5800203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to mineral fibers is of substantial relevance to human health. A key event in exposure is the interaction with inflammatory cells and the subsequent generation of pro-inflammatory factors. Mast cells (MCs) have been shown to interact with titanium oxide (TiO₂) and asbestos fibers. In this study, we compared the response of rat peritoneal MCs challenged with the asbestos crocidolite and nanowires of TiO₂ to that induced by wollastonite employed as a control fiber. METHODS Rat peritoneal MCs (RPMCs), isolated from peritoneal lavage, were incubated in the presence of mineral fibers. The quantities of secreted enzymes were evaluated together with the activity of fiber-associated enzymes. The ultrastructural morphology of fiber-interacting RPMCs was analyzed with electron microscopy. RESULTS Asbestos and TiO₂ stimulate MC secretion. Secreted enzymes bind to fibers and exhibit higher activity. TiO₂ and wollastonite bind and improve enzyme activity, but to a lesser degree than crocidolite. CONCLUSIONS (1) Mineral fibers are able to stimulate the mast cell secretory process by both active (during membrane interaction) and/or passive (during membrane penetration) interaction; (2) fibers can be found to be associated with secreted enzymes-this process appears to create long-lasting pro-inflammatory environments and may represent the active contribution of MCs in maintaining the inflammatory process; (3) MCs and their enzymes should be considered as a therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced lung inflammation; and (4) MCs can contribute to the inflammatory effect associated with selected engineered nanomaterials, such as TiO₂ nanoparticles.
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Zanella D, Bossi E, Gornati R, Bastos C, Faria N, Bernardini G. Iron oxide nanoparticles can cross plasma membranes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11413. [PMID: 28900209 PMCID: PMC5595914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a major global public health problem despite decades of efforts with iron supplementation and fortification. The issue lies on the poor tolerability of the standard of care soluble iron salts, leading to non-compliance and ineffective correction of iron-deficiency anaemia. Iron nanoformulations have been proposed to fortify food and feed to address these issues. Since it was just postulated that some nanoparticles (NPs) might cross the plasma membrane also by a non-endocytotic pathway gaining direct access to the cytoplasm, we have studied iron NP uptake under this perspective. To this aim, we have used a recently tested protocol that has proven to be capable of following the cytoplasmic changes of iron concentration dynamics and we have demonstrated that iron oxide NPs, but not zerovalent iron NPs nor iron oxide NPs that were surrounded by a protein corona, can cross plasma membranes. By electrophysiology, we have also shown that a small and transient increase of membrane conductance parallels NP crossing of plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zanella
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria; Via Dunant 3, I-21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria; Via Dunant 3, I-21100, Varese, Italy.
- Interuniversity Center "The Protein Factory", Politecnico di Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria; Via Dunant 3, I-21100, Varese, Italy
- Interuniversity Center "The Protein Factory", Politecnico di Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Bastos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OES, UK
| | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OES, UK
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria; Via Dunant 3, I-21100, Varese, Italy
- Interuniversity Center "The Protein Factory", Politecnico di Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milan, Italy
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Pascolo L, Zabucchi G, Gianoncelli A, Kourousias G, Trevisan E, Pascotto E, Casarsa C, Ryan C, Lucattelli M, Lungarella G, Cavarra E, Bartalesi B, Zweyer M, Cammisuli F, Melato M, Borelli V. Synchrotron X-ray microscopy reveals early calcium and iron interaction with crocidolite fibers in the lung of exposed mice. Toxicol Lett 2016; 241:111-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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