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Lu Y, Zhang S, Xiang P, Yin Y, Yu C, Hua J, Shi Q, Chen T, Zhou Z, Yu W, Creech DL, Lu Z. Integrated small RNA, transcriptome and physiological approaches provide insight into Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' roots in acclimation to prolonged flooding. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae031. [PMID: 38498333 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Although Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' 406 (Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum; Taxodium 406) is an extremely flooding-tolerant woody plant, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying acclimation of its roots to long-term flooding remain largely unknown. Thus, we exposed saplings of Taxodium 406 to either non-flooding (control) or flooding for 2 months. Flooding resulted in reduced root biomass, which is in line with lower concentrations of citrate, α-ketoglutaric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in Taxodium 406 roots. Flooding led to elevated activities of pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase, which is consistent with higher lactate concentration in the roots of Taxodium 406. Flooding brought about stimulated activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and GSH/oxidized glutathione, which is in agreement with reduced concentrations of O2- and H2O2 in Taxodium 406 roots. The levels of starch, soluble protein, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin A4 and jasmonate were decreased, whereas the concentrations of glucose, total non-structural carbohydrates, most amino acids and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) were improved in the roots of flooding-treated Taxodium 406. Underlying these changes in growth and physiological characteristics, 12,420 mRNAs and 42 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, and 886 miRNA-mRNA pairs were identified in the roots of flooding-exposed Taxodium 406. For instance, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) was a target of Th-miR162-3p and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 4 (ACO4) was a target of Th-miR166i, and the downregulation of Th-miR162-3p and Th-miR166i results in the upregulation of ACS8 and ACO4, probably bringing about higher ACC content in flooding-treated roots. Overall, these results indicate that differentially expressed mRNA and miRNAs are involved in regulating tricarboxylic acid cycle, ATP production, fermentation, and metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and phytohormones, as well as reactive oxygen species detoxification of Taxodium 406 roots. These processes play pivotal roles in acclimation to flooding stress. These results will improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological bases underlying woody plant flooding acclimation and provide valuable insights into breeding-flooding tolerant trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wanwen Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - David L Creech
- Department of Agriculture, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, 1936 North St, Nacogdoches, TX 75962-3000, USA
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
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Sheeran L, Rasmussen A. Aerial roots elevate indoor plant health: Physiological and morphological responses of three high-humidity adapted Araceae species to indoor humidity levels. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1873-1884. [PMID: 36786325 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a global increase in urban greenspace appreciation. Indoor plants are equally important for improving mental health and air quality but despite evolving in humid (sub)tropical environments with aerial root types, planting systems ignore aerial resource supply. This study directly compared nutrient uptake preferences of aerial and soil-formed roots of three common houseplant species under high and ambient relative humidities. Growth and physiology parameters were measured weekly for Anthurium andreanum, Epipremnum aureum and Philodendron scandens grown in custom made growth chambers. Both aerial and soil-formed roots were then fed mixtures of nitrate, ammonium and glycine, with one source labelled with 15 N to determine uptake rates and maximum capacities. Aerial roots were consistently better at nitrogen uptake than soil roots but no species, root type or humidity condition showed a preference for a particular nitrogen source. All three species grew more in high humidity, with aerial roots demonstrating the greatest biomass increase. Higher humidities for indoor niches, together with fertiliser applications to aerial roots will support indoor plant growth, creating lush calming indoor environments for people inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sheeran
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Science, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Amanda Rasmussen
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Science, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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Zhou J, Yang L, Chen X, Zhou M, Shi W, Deng S, Luo Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the NF-YA Gene Family and Its Expression in Response to Different Nitrogen Forms in Populus × canescens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911217. [PMID: 36232523 PMCID: PMC9570100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-YA gene family is a class of conserved transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth and development and the response to abiotic stress. Poplar is a model organism for studying the rapid growth of woody plants that need to consume many nutrients. However, studies on the response of the NF-YA gene family to nitrogen in woody plants are limited. In this study, we conducted a systematic and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the NF-YA gene family based on Populus × canescens genomic data. A total of 13 PcNF-YA genes were identified and mapped to 6 chromosomes. According to the amino acid sequence characteristics and genetic structure of the NF-YA domains, the PcNF-YAs were divided into five clades. Gene duplication analysis revealed five pairs of replicated fragments and one pair of tandem duplicates in 13 PcNF-YA genes. The PcNF-YA gene promoter region is rich in different cis-acting regulatory elements, among which MYB and MYC elements are the most abundant. Among the 13 PcNF-YA genes, 9 contained binding sites for P. × canescens miR169s. In addition, RT-qPCR data from the roots, wood, leaves and bark of P. × canescens showed different spatial expression profiles of PcNF-YA genes. Transcriptome data and RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of PcNF-YA genes was altered by treatment with different nitrogen forms. Furthermore, the functions of PcNF-YA genes in transgenic poplar were analyzed, and the potential roles of PcNF-YA genes in the response of poplar roots to different nitrogen forms were revealed, indicating that these genes regulate root growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62889368
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Zhou J, Yang LY, Jia CL, Shi WG, Deng SR, Luo ZB. Identification and Functional Prediction of Poplar Root circRNAs Involved in Treatment With Different Forms of Nitrogen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:941380. [PMID: 35874008 PMCID: PMC9305699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA molecules with ring structures formed by covalent bonds and are commonly present in organisms, playing an important regulatory role in plant growth and development. However, the mechanism of circRNAs in poplar root responses to different forms of nitrogen (N) is still unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to identify and predict the function of circRNAs in the roots of poplar exposed to three N forms [1 mM NO3 - (T1), 0.5 mM NH4NO3 (T2, control) and 1 mM NH4 + (T3)]. A total of 2,193 circRNAs were identified, and 37, 24 and 45 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were screened in the T1-T2, T3-T2 and T1-T3 comparisons, respectively. In addition, 30 DECs could act as miRNA sponges, and several of them could bind miRNA family members that play key roles in response to different N forms, indicating their important functions in response to N and plant growth and development. Furthermore, we generated a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in poplar roots treated with three N forms. DECs could participate in responses to N in poplar roots through the ceRNA regulatory network, which mainly included N metabolism, amino acid metabolism and synthesis, response to NO3 - or NH4 + and remobilization of N. Together, these results provide new insights into the potential role of circRNAs in poplar root responses to different N forms.
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Zhou J, Wu JT. Nitrate/ammonium-responsive microRNA-mRNA regulatory networks affect root system architecture in Populus × canescens. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:96. [PMID: 35246022 PMCID: PMC8895855 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are the primary forms of inorganic nitrogen (N) taken up by plant roots, and a lack of these N sources commonly limits plant growth. To better understand how NO3- and NH4+ differentially affect root system architecture, we analyzed the expression profiles of microRNAs and their targets in poplar roots treated with three forms of nitrogen S1 (NO3-), S2 (NH4NO3, normal), and S3 (NH4+) via RNA sequencing. RESULTS The results revealed a total of 709 miRNAs. Among them, 57 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs and 28 differentially expressed miRNA-target pairs showed correlated expression profiles in S1 vs. S2. Thirty-six significantly differentially expressed miRNAs and 12 differentially expressed miRNA-target pairs showed correlated expression profiles in S3 vs. S2. In particular, NFYA3, a target of upregulated ptc-miR169i and ptc-miR169b, was downregulated in S1 vs. S2, while NFYA1, a target of upregulated ptc-miR169b, was downregulated in S3 vs. S2 and probably played an important role in the changes in root morphology observed when the poplar plants were treated with different N forms. Furthermore, the miRNA-target pairs ptc-miR169i/b-D6PKL2, ptc-miR393a-5p-AFB2, ptc-miR6445a-NAC14, ptc-miR172d-AP2, csi-miR396a-5p_R + 1_1ss21GA-EBP1, ath-miR396b-5p_R + 1-TPR4, and ptc-miR166a/b/c-ATHB-8 probably contributed to the changes in root morphology observed when poplar plants were treated with different N forms. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets play an important role in the regulation of the poplar root system architecture by different N forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jiang-Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
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Lu Y, Deng S, Li Z, Wu J, Zhu D, Shi W, Zhou J, Fayyaz P, Luo ZB. Physiological Characteristics and Transcriptomic Dissection in Two Root Segments with Contrasting Net Fluxes of Ammonium and Nitrate of Poplar Under Low Nitrogen Availability. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:30-44. [PMID: 34508646 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate physiological and transcriptomic regulation mechanisms underlying the distinct net fluxes of NH4+ and NO3- in different root segments of Populus species under low nitrogen (N) conditions, we used saplings of Populus × canescens supplied with either 500 (normal N) or 50 (low N) μM NH4NO3. The net fluxes of NH4+ and NO3-, the concentrations of NH4+, amino acids and organic acids and the enzymatic activities of nitrite reductase (NiR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in root segment II (SII, 35-70 mm to the apex) were lower than those in root segment I (SI, 0-35 mm to the apex). The net NH4+ influxes and the concentrations of organic acids were elevated, whereas the concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- and the activities of NiR and GS were reduced in SI and SII in response to low N. A number of genes were significantly differentially expressed in SII vs SI and in both segments grown under low vs normal N conditions, and these genes were mainly involved in the transport of NH4+ and NO3-, N metabolism and adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Moreover, the hub gene coexpression networks were dissected and correlated with N physiological processes in SI and SII under normal and low N conditions. These results suggest that the hub gene coexpression networks play pivotal roles in regulating N uptake and assimilation, amino acid metabolism and the levels of organic acids from the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the two root segments of poplars in acclimation to low N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Shurong Deng
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Jiangting Wu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Dongyue Zhu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Payam Fayyaz
- Forest, Range and Watershed Management Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
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Zhou J, Yang LY, Chen X, Shi WG, Deng SR, Luo ZB. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs in Populus × canescens Roots Treated With Different Nitrogen Fertilizers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890453. [PMID: 35646010 PMCID: PMC9135444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 +) are the primary forms of inorganic nitrogen acquired by plant roots. LncRNAs, as key regulators of gene expression, are a class of non-coding RNAs larger than 200 bp. However, knowledge about the regulatory role of lncRNAs in response to different nitrogen forms remains limited, particularly in woody plants. Here, we performed strand-specific RNA-sequencing of P. × canescens roots under three different nitrogen fertilization treatments. In total, 324 lncRNAs and 6,112 mRNAs were identified as showing significantly differential expression between the NO3 - and NH4NO3 treatments. Moreover, 333 lncRNAs and 6,007 mRNAs showed significantly differential expression between the NH4 + and NH4NO3 treatments. Further analysis suggested that these lncRNAs and mRNAs have different response mechanisms for different nitrogen forms. In addition, functional annotation of cis and trans target mRNAs of differentially expressed lncRNAs indicated that 60 lncRNAs corresponding to 49 differentially expressed cis and trans target mRNAs were involved in plant nitrogen metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Furthermore, 42 lncRNAs were identified as putative precursors of 63 miRNAs, and 28 differentially expressed lncRNAs were potential endogenous target mimics targeted by 96 miRNAs. Moreover, ceRNA regulation networks were constructed. MSTRG.6097.1, MSTRG.13550.1, MSTRG.2693.1, and MSTRG.12899.1, as hub lncRNAs in the ceRNA networks, are potential candidate lncRNAs for studying the regulatory mechanism in poplar roots under different nitrogen fertilization treatments. The results provide a basis for obtaining insight into the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA responses to different nitrogen forms in woody plants.
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Xie L, Zhou X, Liu Q, Zhao C, Yin C. Inorganic nitrogen uptake rate of Picea asperata curtailed by fine root acclimation to water and nitrogen supply and further by ectomycorrhizae. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2130-2141. [PMID: 34537962 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi colonization and function depend on soil water and nutrient supply. To study the effects of resource supply on ECM colonization and inorganic nitrogen (N) uptake by roots of Picea asperata seedlings, we conducted a study at the end of a 5-year long experiment consisting of five watering regimes (40, 50, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity) and three NH4 NO3 application rates (0 [N0], 20 [N1], and 40 [N2] g N m-2 year-1 ). We measured fluxes of ammonium ( NH 4 + ) and nitrate ( NO 3 - ) into colonized and uncolonized roots using noninvasive microtest technology. We found that, across the N supply levels, ECM colonization rate increased by 53 ± 14% from the highest to the lowest level of water supply. Across the watering regimes, the fraction of mycorrhizal root tips was 39 ± 4% higher under native N supply compared to roots grown under N additions. As expected for conifers, both colonized and uncolonized roots absorbed NH 4 + at a higher rate than NO 3 - . N additions reduced the instantaneous ion uptake rates of uncolonized roots grown under low water supply but enhanced the fluxes into roots grown under sufficient soil water availability. Soil water supply improves inorganic N uptake by uncolonized roots but reduces the efficiency of colonized roots. Under the lowest water supply regime, the uptake rate of NH 4 + and NO 3 - by colonized roots was 40-80% of those by uncolonized roots, decreasing to 20-30% as soil water supply improved. Taken together, our results suggest that the role ectomycorrhizae play in the nutrient acquisition of P. asperata seedling likely diminishes with increasing availability of soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingmei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunzhang Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen C, Chu Y, Huang Q, Zhang W, Ding C, Zhang J, Li B, Zhang T, Li Z, Su X. Morphological, physiological, and transcriptional responses to low nitrogen stress in Populus deltoides Marsh. clones with contrasting nitrogen use efficiency. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:697. [PMID: 34579659 PMCID: PMC8474845 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrogen (N) is one of the main factors limiting the wood yield in poplar cultivation. Understanding the molecular mechanism of N utilization could play a guiding role in improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of poplar. Results In this study, three N-efficient genotypes (A1-A3) and three N-inefficient genotypes (C1-C3) of Populus deltoides were cultured under low N stress (5 μM NH4NO3) and normal N supply (750 μM NH4NO3). The dry matter mass, leaf morphology, and chlorophyll content of both genotypes decreased under N starvation. The low nitrogen adaptation coefficients of the leaves and stems biomass of group A were significantly higher than those of group C (p < 0.05). Interestingly, N starvation induced fine root growth in group A, but not in group C. Next, a detailed time-course analysis of enzyme activities and gene expression in leaves identified 2062 specifically differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in group A and 1118 in group C. Moreover, the sensitivity to N starvation of group A was weak, and DEGs related to hormone signal transduction and stimulus response played an important role in the low N response this group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified genes related to membranes, catalytic activity, enzymatic activity, and response to stresses that might be critical for poplar’s adaption to N starvation and these genes participated in the negative regulation of various biological processes. Finally, ten influential hub genes and twelve transcription factors were identified in the response to N starvation. Among them, four hub genes were related to programmed cell death and the defense response, and PodelWRKY18, with high connectivity, was involved in plant signal transduction. The expression of hub genes increased gradually with the extension of low N stress time, and the expression changes in group A were more obvious than those in group C. Conclusions Under N starvation, group A showed stronger adaptability and better NUE than group C in terms of morphology and physiology. The discovery of hub genes and transcription factors might provide new information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of NUE and its improvement in poplar. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07991-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yanguang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Qinjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Tengqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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