1
|
Du YX, Dong JM, Liu HX, Fu XM, Guo J, Lai XP, Liu HM, Yang D, Yang HX, Zhou XY, Mao JM, Chen M, Zhang JZ, Yue JQ, Li J. Transcription-related metabolic regulation in grafted lemon seedlings under magnesium deficiency stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108615. [PMID: 38631158 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth, and plays a pivotal role in plant development and metabolism. Soil magnesium deficiency is evident in citrus production, which ultimately leads to failure of normal plant growth and development, as well as decreased productivity. Citrus is mainly propagated by grafting, so it is necessary to fully understand the different regulatory mechanisms of rootstock and scion response to magnesium deficiency. Here, we characterized the differences in morphological alterations, physiological metabolism and differential gene expression between trifoliate orange rootstocks and lemon scions under normal and magnesium-deficient conditions, revealing the different responses of rootstocks and scions to magnesium deficiency. The transcriptomic data showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in 14 and 4 metabolic pathways in leaves and roots, respectively, after magnesium deficiency treatment. And the magnesium transport-related genes MHX and MRS2 may respond to magnesium deficiency stress. In addition, magnesium deficiency may affect plant growth by affecting POD, SOD, and CAT enzyme activity, as well as altering the levels of hormones such as IAA, ABA, GA3, JA, and SA, and the expression of related responsive genes. In conclusion, our research suggests that the leaves of lemon grafted onto trifoliate orange were more significantly affected than the roots under magnesium-deficient conditions, further indicating that the metabolic imbalance of scion lemon leaves was more severe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Du
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jian-Mei Dong
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Hang-Xiu Liu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xiao-Men Fu
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Xin-Pu Lai
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Hong-Ming Liu
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Di Yang
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Hong-Xia Yang
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Xian-Yan Zhou
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jia-Mei Mao
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Min Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yue
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiao Y, Zhang S, Jin H, Wang Y, Jia Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Liao W, Chen LS, Guo J. Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1280495. [PMID: 38098794 PMCID: PMC10720443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Citrus fruit is considered a superfood due to its multiple nutritional functions and health benefits. Quantitative analysis of the numerous quality characteristics of citrus fruit is required to promote its sustainable production and industrial utilization. However, little information is available on the comprehensive quality assessment of various fruit quality indicators in different citrus cultivars. Methods A total of nine different fresh citrus fruits containing seeds were collected as the experimental materials. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the morphological and juice properties of citrus fruits, (ii) to measure the mineral elements in the peel, pulp, and seeds, and (iii) to evaluate the fruit quality index (FQI) using the integrated quality index (IQI) and the Nemoro quality index (NQI) methods. Results There were significant differences in fruit quality characteristics, including morphological, mineral, and juice quality, among the investigated citrus cultivars. The proportion of pulp biomass was the highest, followed by that of peel and seeds. N and Cu had the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively, among the measured elements across all citrus fruits, and the amounts of N, P, Mg, Cu, and Zn in seeds, K and Al in pulp, and Ca, Fe, and Mn in peel were the highest, dramatically affecting the accumulation of minerals in the whole fruit and their distribution in various fruit parts. Additionally, Ningmeng fruits had the highest vitamin C and titratable acidity (TA) but the lowest total soluble solids (TSS) and total phenolic (TP) contents, resulting in the lowest TSS/TA and pH values. In contrast, Jinju fruits had the highest TSS and TP contents. Based on the mineral element and juice quality parameters, principal component analysis showed that the citrus fruits were well separated into four groups, and the dendrogram also showed four clusters with different distances. The FQI range based on the IQI method (FQIIQI) and NQI method (FQINQI) was 0.382-0.590 and 0.106-0.245, respectively, and a positive relationship between FQIIQI and FQINQI was observed. Conclusion Our results highlight the great differences in mineral and juice characteristics among fruit parts, which mediated fruit quality. The strategy of fruit quality assessment using the FQI can be expanded for targeted utilization in the citrus industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Jiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuozhen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haitao Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Forestry Science and Technology Test Center of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liao
- Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiuxin Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo J, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Hu W, Jia Y, Huang Z, Yang LT, Chen LS. Regulation of magnesium and calcium homeostasis in citrus seedlings under varying magnesium supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108146. [PMID: 37918079 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are two essential macronutrients in plants; however, the characteristics of Mg and Ca concentrations in organ, subcellular and chemical forms and their relationships in citrus plants, especially under varying Mg supply, are not well understood. In this study, Citrus sinensis seedlings (cv. Xuegan) were cultivated in conditions of Mg deficiency (0 mmol Mg2+ L-1) and Mg sufficiency (2 mmol Mg2+ L-1) to investigate the responses of Mg and Ca homeostasis in different organs and fractions. Compared with Mg sufficiency, Mg deficiency significantly decreased root and shoot growth, with the shoot biomass reduction of branch organs was greater than that of parent organs. In addition to increasing the Ca concentration in the parent stem and lateral root organs, Mg deficiency significantly decreased the concentrations and accumulations of Mg and Ca in citrus seedlings, further altering their distribution in different organs. More than 50% of Ca and Mg were sequestrated in the cell wall and soluble fractions, respectively, with Mg concentration decreasing by 15.4% in roots and 46.9% in leaves under Mg deficiency, while Ca concentration decreased by 27.6% in roots and increased by 23.6% in parent leaves. Approximately 90% of Mg exists in inorganic, water-soluble, and pectate and protein-bound forms, and nearly 90% of Ca exists in water-soluble, pectate and protein-bound, phosphate and oxalate acid forms. Except for the decreased inorganic Mg in roots and water-soluble Mg and Ca in leaves, Mg deficiency increased the proportions of Mg and Ca in all chemical forms. However, Mg deficiency generally increased the Ca/Mg ratio in various organs, subcellular and chemical forms, with negative relationships between Mg concentration and Ca/Mg ratio, and the variations of Mg and Ca were highly separated between Mg supply and organs. In conclusion, our results provide insights into the effects of Mg supply on Mg and Ca homeostasis in citrus plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxin Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yiling Jiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Forestry Science and Technology Test Center of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363600, China
| | - Wenlang Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yamin Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zengrong Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun P, Chen Y, Li X, Liu L, Guo J, Zheng X, Liu X. Detoxification mechanisms of biochar on plants in chromium contaminated soil: Chromium chemical forms and subcellular distribution. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138505. [PMID: 36965535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The complete pathway of chromium (Cr) transfer from soil to plant tissues and subcellular components under biochar amendment remains to be quantified, as well as the involved diverse detoxification processes in roots and stems respectively. Pot experiments and quantitative analysis were conducted to investigate Cr fixation in soil amended with Enteromorpha prolifera-derived biochar and subsequent phytoprocesses (Cr uptake, transfer, and phytotoxicity) in cultivated Secale cereale L. (rye). The results indicated that adding 5-30 g kg-1 of biochar increased the residual form of Cr (B4) in soil by 8-21% and decreased the bioavailable form of Cr (B1) by 9-29%. For Cr transferred to rye, Cr in the rye was mainly present in the low-toxicity bound state, with the acetic acid-extracted Cr (F4) (45-54%) in roots and the NaCl-extracted Cr (F3) (37-47%) in stems. The subcellular distribution of Cr in both roots and stems was predominantly in the cell wall and residues (T1), followed by the cytoplasm (T4). Partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was used for quantifying the effect of biochar on the form changes and subcellular detoxification of Cr from soil to roots and stems to sub-cells. In soils, biochar reduced the bioavailability of Cr and decreased the transfer of Cr to rye. In plant roots, Cr was distributed mainly as low-toxicity phosphate complexes in cell walls and vacuoles in sub-cells (with the largest path coefficients of 0.90 and -0.91, respectively). In the stems, Cr was distributed mainly as proteins integrated into the cell walls and vacuoles. This was due to the difference in subcellular compartmentalization of detoxification in the roots and stems. These PLS-PM results provide new insights into the entire process of pollutant detoxification in complex environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Youyuan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Xiaochen Li
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Lecheng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xilai Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ishfaq M, Wang Y, Yan M, Wang Z, Wu L, Li C, Li X. Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802274. [PMID: 35548291 PMCID: PMC9085447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for a wide array of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes in plants. It largely involves chlorophyll synthesis, production, transportation, and utilization of photoassimilates, enzyme activation, and protein synthesis. As a multifaceted result of the introduction of high-yielding fertilizer-responsive cultivars, intensive cropping without replenishment of Mg, soil acidification, and exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) leaching, Mg has become a limiting nutrient for optimum crop production. However, little literature is available to better understand distinct responses of plants to Mg deficiency, the geographical distribution of soil Ex-Mg, and the degree of Mg deficiency. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of key plant responses to Mg availability and, as far as possible, highlight spatial Mg distribution and the magnitude of Mg deficiency in different cultivated regions of the world with a special focus on China. In particular, ~55% of arable lands in China are revealed Mg-deficient (< 120 mg kg-1 soil Ex-Mg), and Mg deficiency literally becomes increasingly severe from northern (227-488 mg kg-1) to southern (32-89 mg kg-1) China. Mg deficiency primarily traced back to higher depletion of soil Ex-Mg by fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tubers, tea, and tobacco cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Further, each unit decline in soil pH from neutral reduced ~2-fold soil Ex-Mg. This article underscores the physiological importance of Mg, potential risks associated with Mg deficiency, and accordingly, to optimize fertilization strategies for higher crop productivity and better quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liangquan Wu
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|