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Benny J, Marra FP, Giovino A, Balan B, Caruso T, Martinelli F, Marchese A. Transcriptome Analysis of Pistacia vera Inflorescence Buds in Bearing and Non-Bearing Shoots Reveals the Molecular Mechanism Causing Premature Flower Bud Abscission. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E851. [PMID: 32722492 PMCID: PMC7465039 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of heavy ("ON/bearing") and light ("OFF/non-bearing") yield in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) has been reported to result from the abscission of inflorescence buds on high yielding trees during the summer, but the regulatory mechanisms involved in this bud abscission remain unclear. The analysis provides insights into the transcript changes between inflorescence buds on bearing and non-bearing shoots, that we indicated as "ON" and "OFF", and shed light on the molecular mechanisms causing premature inflorescence bud abscission in the pistachio cultivar "Bianca" which can be related to the alternate bearing behavior. In this study, a transcriptome analysis was performed in inflorescence buds of "ON" and "OFF" shoots. A total of 14,330 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), most of which are involved in sugar metabolism, plant hormone pathways, secondary metabolism and oxidative stress pathway, were identified. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying inflorescence bud abscission in pistachio and we proposed a hypothetical model behind the molecular mechanism causing this abscission in "ON" shoots. Results highlighted how changes in genes expressed in nutrient pathways (carbohydrates and mineral elements) in pistachio "ON" vs. "OFF" inflorescence buds triggers a cascade of events involving trehalose-6-phosphate and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, SnRK1 complex, hormones, polyamines and ROS which end, through programmed cell death and autophagy phenomena, with the abscission of inflorescence buds. This is the first study reporting gene expression profiling of the fate of "ON" and "OFF" inflorescence buds associated with the alternate bearing in the pistachio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubina Benny
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze—Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (J.B.); (B.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Marra
- Department of Architecture (DARCH), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze—Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), 90011 Bagheria, Italy;
| | - Bipin Balan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze—Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (J.B.); (B.B.); (T.C.)
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tiziano Caruso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze—Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (J.B.); (B.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Marchese
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze—Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (J.B.); (B.B.); (T.C.)
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Ramírez-Briones E, Rodríguez-Macías R, Salcedo-Pérez E, Martínez-Gallardo N, Tiessen A, Molina-Torres J, Délano-Frier JP, Zañudo-Hernández J. Seasonal variation in non-structural carbohydrates, sucrolytic activity and secondary metabolites in deciduous and perennial Diospyros species sampled in Western Mexico. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187235. [PMID: 29073239 PMCID: PMC5658181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to test the working hypothesis that the primary determinants influencing seasonal driven modifications in carbon mobilization and other key biochemical parameters in leaves of poorly known Diospyros digyna (Ddg; semi-domesticated; perennial) and D. rekoi (Dre; undomesticated; deciduous) trees are determined by environmental growing conditions, agronomic management and physiological plasticity. Thus, biochemical changes in leaves of both trees were recorded seasonally during two successive fruiting years. Trees were randomly sampled in Western Mexico habitats with differing soil quality, climatic conditions, luminosity, and cultivation practices. Leaves of Ddg had consistently higher total chlorophyll contents (CT) that, unexpectedly, peaked in the winter of 2015. In Dre, the highest leaf CT values recorded in the summer of 2015 inversely correlated with low average luminosity and high Chl a/ Chlb ratios. The seasonal CT variations in Dre were congruent with varying luminosity, whereas those in Ddg were probably affected by other factors, such as fluctuating leaf protein contents and the funneling of light energy to foliar non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) accumulation, which were consistently higher than those detected in Dre leaves. Seasonal foliar NSC fluctuations in both species were in agreement with the carbon (C) demands of flowering, fruiting and/ or leaf regrowth. Seasonal changes in foliar hexose to sucrose (Hex/ Suc) ratios coincided with cell wall invertase activity in both species. In Dre, high Hex/ Suc ratios in spring leaves possibly allowed an accumulation of phenolic acids, not observed in Ddg. The above results supported the hypothesis proposed by showing that leaf responses to changing environmental conditions differ in perennial and deciduous Diospyros trees, including a dynamic adjustment of NSCs to supply the C demands imposed by reproduction, leaf regrowth and, possibly, stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Ramírez-Briones
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Camino Ing., La Venta del Astillero, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Ramón Rodríguez-Macías
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Camino Ing., La Venta del Astillero, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Eduardo Salcedo-Pérez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Camino Ing., La Venta del Astillero, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Norma Martínez-Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato León Kilómetro 9.6, Carretera Irapuato León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato León Kilómetro 9.6, Carretera Irapuato León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato León Kilómetro 9.6, Carretera Irapuato León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - John P. Délano-Frier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato León Kilómetro 9.6, Carretera Irapuato León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Julia Zañudo-Hernández
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Camino Ing., La Venta del Astillero, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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Searle SY, Bitterman DS, Thomas S, Griffin KL, Atkin OK, Turnbull MH. Respiratory alternative oxidase responds to both low- and high-temperature stress in Quercus rubra leaves along an urban-rural gradient in New York. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bustan A, Avni A, Lavee S, Zipori I, Yeselson Y, Schaffer AA, Riov J, Dag A. Role of carbohydrate reserves in yield production of intensively cultivated oil olive (Olea europaea L.) trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:519-30. [PMID: 21571726 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea) has a very high tendency for year-to-year deviation in yield (alternate bearing), which has a negative economic impact on the olive oil industry. Among possible reasons for alternate bearing, depletion of stored carbohydrates (CHO) during the On-year (high yield) has often been mentioned. The objective of the present study was to verify the role of CHO reserves, as a cause or effect, in the alternate bearing of intensively cultivated olives. A monthly survey of soluble sugar and starch concentrations in the leaves, branches, bark and roots of On- and Off-trees (cv. Barnea) was carried out during a complete reproductive cycle from November 2005 to October 2006. Carbohydrate concentration in the sapwood was determined in January, as well as an estimate of whole-tree biomass. The trunk and limbs possess the largest portion of CHO reserves. The influence of reduced fruit load on CHO reserves was also investigated. Starch, mannitol and sucrose concentrations increased from December to March in all tissues, and then declined along with fruit development. Leaves, branches and bark have a significant role in CHO storage, whereas roots accumulated the lowest CHO concentrations. However, fluctuations in reserve content suggested considerable involvement of roots in the CHO budget. Nevertheless, there were no meaningful differences in the annual pattern of CHO concentration between On- and Off-trees. Even a 75-100% reduction in fruit number brought about only a minor, sluggish increase in CHO content, though this was more pronounced in the roots. Carbohydrate reserves were not depleted, even under maximum demands for fruit and oil production. It is concluded that in olives, the status of CHO reserves is not a yield determinant. However, they may play a significant role in the olive's survival strategy, ensuring tree recovery in the unpredictable semiarid Mediterranean environment. This suggests that CHO reserves in olive act like an active sink, challenging the common concept regarding the regulation of CHO reserves in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Bustan
- Gilat Research Centre, Agricultural Research Organization, Ministry of Agriculture, Mobile Post Negev 85280, Israel
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Searle SY, Turnbull MH. Seasonal variation of leaf respiration and the alternative pathway in field-grown Populus × canadensis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 141:332-42. [PMID: 21198649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The temperature response of plant respiration varies between species and can acclimate to changing temperatures. Mitochondrial respiration in plants has two terminal oxidases: the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase (AOX). In Populus × canadensis var. italica, a deciduous tree species, we investigated the temperature response of leaf respiration via the alternative and cytochrome pathways, as well as seasonal changes in these pathways, using the oxygen isotope fractionation technique. The electron partitioning through the alternative pathway (τ(a) ) increased from 0 to 30-40% with measurement temperatures from 6 to 30°C at all times measured throughout the growing season. τ(a) at the growth temperature (the average temperature during 3 days prior to sampling) increased from 12 to 29% from spring until late summer and decreased thereafter. Total respiration declined throughout the growing season by 50%, concomitantly with decreases in both AOX (64%) and COX (32%) protein abundances. Our results provide new insight into the natural variability of AOX protein abundances and alternative respiration electron partitioning over immediate and seasonal timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Searle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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