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Jin C, Zha T, Bourque CPA, Jia X, Tian Y, Liu P, Li X, Liu X, Guo X, Xu M, Kang X, Guo Z, Wang N. Temporal heterogeneity in photosystem II photochemistry in Artemisia ordosica under a fluctuating desert environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1057943. [PMID: 36407597 PMCID: PMC9670136 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation strategies in xerophytic plants to stressed environmental conditions vary with temporal scales. Our understanding of environmentally-induced variation in photosystem II (PSII) processes as a function of temporal scales is limited, as most studies have thus far been based on short-term, laboratory-controlled experiments. In a study of PSII processes, we acquired near-continuous, field-based measurements of PSII-energy partitioning in a dominant desert-shrub species, namely Artemisia ordosica, over a six-year period from 2012-2017. Continuous-wavelet transformation (CWT) and wavelet coherence analyses (WTC) were employed to examine the role of environmental variables in controlling the variation in the three main PSII-energy allocation pathways, i.e., photochemical efficiency and regulated and non-regulated thermal dissipation, i.e., Φ PSII, Φ NPQ, and Φ NO, respectively, across a time-frequency domain from hours to years. Convergent cross mapping (CCM) was subsequently used to isolate cause-and-effect interactions in PSII-energy partitioning response. The CWT method revealed that the three PSII-energy allocation pathways all had distinct daily periodicities, oscillating abruptly at intermediate timescales from days to weeks. On a diurnal scale, WTC revealed that all three pathways were influenced by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (T a), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). By comparing associated time lags for the three forms of energy partitioning at diurnal scales, revealed that the sensitivity of response was more acutely influenced by PAR, declining thereafter with the other environmental variables, such that the order of influence was greatest for T a, followed by VPD, and then soil water content (SWC). PSII-energy partitioning on a seasonal scale, in contrast, displayed greater variability among the different environmental variables, e.g., Φ PSII and Φ NO being more predisposed to changes in T a, and Φ NPQ to changes in VPD. CCM confirmed the causal relationship between pairings of PSII-energy allocation pathways, according to shrub phenology. A. ordosica is shown to have an innate ability to (i) repair damaged PSII-photochemical apparatus (maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, with F v/F m > 0.78), and (ii) acclimatize to excessive PAR, dry-air conditions, and prolonged drought. A. ordosica is relatively sensitive to extreme temperature and exhibits photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jin
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshan Zha
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles P.-A. Bourque
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Xin Jia
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhao Li
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- School of Land Science and Space Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingze Xu
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kang
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Zifan Guo
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Canopy Transpiration and Stomatal Conductance Dynamics of Ulmus pumila L. and Caragana korshinskii Kom. Plantations on the Bashang Plateau, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Constructing protective forests to control water and soil erosion is an effective measure to address land degradation in the Bashang Plateau of North China, but forest dieback has occurred frequently due to severe water deficits in recent decades. However, transpiration dynamics and their biophysical control factors under various soil water contents for different forest functional types are still unknown. Here, canopy transpiration and stomatal conductance of a 38-year-old Ulmus pumila L. and a 20-year-old Caragana korshinskii Kom. were quantified using the sap flow method, while simultaneously monitoring the meteorological and soil water content. The results showed that canopy transpiration averaged 0.55 ± 0.34 mm d−1 and 0.66 ± 0.32 mm d−1 for U. pumila, and was 0.74 ± 0.26 mm d−1 and 0.77 ± 0.24 mm d−1 for C. korshinskii in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The sensitivity of canopy transpiration to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) decreased as soil water stress increased for both species, indicating that the transpiration process is significantly affected by soil drought. Additionally, canopy stomatal conductance averaged 1.03 ± 0.91 mm s−1 and 1.34 ± 1.22 mm s−1 for U. pumila, and was 1.46 ± 0.90 mm s−1 and 1.51 ± 1.06 mm s−1 for C. korshinskii in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The low values of the decoupling coefficient (Ω) showed that canopy and atmosphere were well coupled for both species. Stomatal sensitivity to VPD decreased with decreasing soil water content, indicating that both U. pumila and C. korshinskii maintained a water-saving strategy under the stressed water conditions. Our results enable better understanding of transpiration dynamics and water-use strategies of different forest functional types in the Bashang Plateau, which will provide important insights for planted forests management and ecosystem stability under future climate changes.
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Culbertson KA, Treuer TLH, Mondragon‐Botero A, Ramiadantsoa T, Reid JL. The eco‐evolutionary history of Madagascar presents unique challenges to tropical forest restoration. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Culbertson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley California USA
| | | | | | - Tanjona Ramiadantsoa
- Department of Life Science University of Fianarantsoa Fianarantsoa Madagascar
- Department of Mathematics University of Fianarantsoa Fianarantsoa Madagascar
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - J. Leighton Reid
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Blacksburg Virginia USA
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Lamour J, Davidson KJ, Ely KS, Le Moguédec G, Leakey ADB, Li Q, Serbin SP, Rogers A. An improved representation of the relationship between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance leads to more stable estimation of conductance parameters and improves the goodness-of-fit across diverse data sets. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3537-3556. [PMID: 35090072 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stomata play a central role in surface-atmosphere exchange by controlling the flux of water and CO2 between the leaf and the atmosphere. Representation of stomatal conductance (gsw ) is therefore an essential component of models that seek to simulate water and CO2 exchange in plants and ecosystems. For given environmental conditions at the leaf surface (CO2 concentration and vapor pressure deficit or relative humidity), models typically assume a linear relationship between gsw and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A). However, measurement of leaf-level gsw response curves to changes in A are rare, particularly in the tropics, resulting in only limited data to evaluate this key assumption. Here, we measured the response of gsw and A to irradiance in six tropical species at different leaf phenological stages. We showed that the relationship between gsw and A was not linear, challenging the key assumption upon which optimality theory is based-that the marginal cost of water gain is constant. Our data showed that increasing A resulted in a small increase in gsw at low irradiance, but a much larger increase at high irradiance. We reformulated the popular Unified Stomatal Optimization (USO) model to account for this phenomenon and to enable consistent estimation of the key conductance parameters g0 and g1 . Our modification of the USO model improved the goodness-of-fit and reduced bias, enabling robust estimation of conductance parameters at any irradiance. In addition, our modification revealed previously undetectable relationships between the stomatal slope parameter g1 and other leaf traits. We also observed nonlinear behavior between A and gsw in independent data sets that included data collected from attached and detached leaves, and from plants grown at elevated CO2 concentration. We propose that this empirical modification of the USO model can improve the measurement of gsw parameters and the estimation of plant and ecosystem-scale water and CO2 fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lamour
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth J Davidson
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Kim S Ely
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Gilles Le Moguédec
- AMAP, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Cirad CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Qianyu Li
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
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Response of Leaf Functional Traits of Landscape Plants to Urban Green Space Environment in Lanzhou, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Leaf functional traits are the essential components of adaption plant strategies and have different responses to various environments, but our knowledge of how plants adapt to highly complex urban environments through coordinated changes in leaf functional traits is limited. In this study, we studied the response of landscape plants to the environments of sports field (SF), park (PAR), residential green space (RES), and greenway (GW), and analyzed the effects of the different green space environments on trade-off strategies of plants based on leaf functional traits. The results showed that leaf functional traits of plants and adaptation strategies varied among different urban environments in Lanzhou, China. Leaf length (LL), width (LW), area (LA), and special leaf area (SLA) were PAR > SF > RES > GW. Leaf nitrogen (LNC) and phosphorus content (LPC) were SF > PAR > RES > GW. Leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), the ratio of leaf carbon and nitrogen (C/N), and the ratio of leaf carbon and phosphorus (C/P) was GW > RES > PAR > SF. The landscape plants in SF and PAR were more adaptive to the urban environment than those in RES and GW. Among different green space environments, landscape plants in SF and PAR tended to have an acquisitive strategy with high LL, LW, LA, SLA, LNC, and LPC. In contrast, plants in RES and GW tended to have a conservative strategy with a high level of concentration of LCC, LDMC, C/N, and C/P.
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Rawat M, Arunachalam K, Arunachalam A, Alatalo JM, Pandey R. Assessment of leaf morphological, physiological, chemical and stoichiometry functional traits for understanding the functioning of Himalayan temperate forest ecosystem. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23807. [PMID: 34893677 PMCID: PMC8664835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf functional traits support plant survival and growth in different stress and disturbed conditions and respond according to leaf habit. The present study examined 13 leaf traits (3 morphological, 3 chemical, 5 physiological, and 2 stoichiometry) of nine dominant forest tree species (3 coniferous, 3 deciduous broad-leaved, 3 evergreen broad-leafed) to understand the varied response of leaf habits. The hypothesis was to test if functional traits of the conifers, deciduous and evergreen differ significantly in the temperate forest and to determine the applicability of leaf economic theory i.e., conservative vs. acquisitive resource investment, in the temperate Himalayan region. The attributes of the functional traits i.e., leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf water content (LWC), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration (E) followed the order deciduous > evergreen > coniferous. Leaf carbon and leaf C/N ratio showed the opposite pattern, coniferous > evergreen > deciduous. Chlorophyll (Chl) and photosynthetic rate (A) were highest for evergreen species, followed by deciduous and coniferous species. Also, structural equation modelling determined that morphological factors were negatively related to physiological and positively with chemical factors. Nevertheless, physiological and chemical factors were positively related to each other. The physiological traits were mainly regulated by stomatal conductance (Gs) however the morphological traits were determined by LDMC. Stoichiometry traits, such as leaf C/N, were found to be positively related to leaf carbon, and leaf N/P was found to be positively related to leaf nitrogen. The result of the leaf functional traits relationship would lead to precise prediction for the functionality of the temperate forest ecosystem at the regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rawat
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India. .,Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India.
| | - Kusum Arunachalam
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Ayyandar Arunachalam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rajiv Pandey
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India
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Su Y, Cui B, Luo Y, Wang J, Wang X, Ouyang Z, Wang X. Leaf Functional Traits Vary in Urban Environments: Influences of Leaf Age, Land-Use Type, and Urban–Rural Gradient. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.681959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have focused on the response and adaptation of plants to urbanization by comparing differences in leaf functional traits between urban and rural sites. However, considerable uncertainties remain because differences in land-use type have not frequently been taken into account when assessing the effect of urbanization on leaf traits. In this study, we sampled the needles of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) in areas with three land-use types (roadsides, parks, and neighborhoods) along an urban–rural gradient in Beijing, China to determine the effect of urbanization on leaf functional traits. There were significant differences in the values of leaf functional traits between the needles of the current and previous year and across land-use types. Pines growing on roadsides had leaves with smaller length, width, and area, as well as lower stomatal density, compared with those growing in parks and neighborhoods. This implies that on roadsides, plant capacity to acquire resources (e.g., light and carbon dioxide) was degraded. Stomatal density, leaf width, and leaf P concentration increased with increasing distance from the city center, while leaf K concentration decreased with increasing distance from the city center. Importantly, there were significant differences in the urban–rural gradient of leaf functional traits between leaves of different ages, and across land-use types. Leaf age was the most important factor influencing leaf nutrient traits, while land-use type was the most important factor influencing leaf morphological traits in urban environments. Thus, considering the effects of the plant characteristic and land-use type on traits is important for assessing the urban–rural gradients of plant functional traits.
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Su Y, Renz M, Cui B, Sun X, Ouyang Z, Wang X. Leaf Morphological and Nutrient Traits of Common Woody Plants Change Along the Urban-Rural Gradient in Beijing, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682274. [PMID: 34512683 PMCID: PMC8427184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have found differences in the diversity of plant functional traits between urban and rural sites as a result of urbanization. However, the results remain inconsistent. In this study, we measured morphological and nutrient traits of 11 common woody plants along a continuous urban-rural gradient in Beijing, China. Leaf size (e.g., length, width, and area), specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen and potassium contents decreased gradually and significantly along the urban-rural gradient, indicating that urbanization can enhance the capacity of plants to acquire resources for growth and production. Furthermore, soil nutrients and air temperature decreased along the urban-rural gradient, while air relative humidity increased. A structural equation model showed that these alterations in physical factors attributable to urbanization contributed directly or indirectly to changes in leaf functional traits, implying that changes in soil nutrients and micro-climate induced by urbanization may affect plant growth and production because of the improvement in resource acquisition capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mark Renz
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bowen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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van Meerveld HJ(I, Jones JPG, Ghimire CP, Zwartendijk BW, Lahitiana J, Ravelona M, Mulligan M. Forest regeneration can positively contribute to local hydrological ecosystem services: Implications for forest landscape restoration. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bob W. Zwartendijk
- Department of Geography University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Inholland University of Applied Sciences Alkmaar The Netherlands
| | - Jaona Lahitiana
- Laboratoire des Radio‐Isotopes University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Maafaka Ravelona
- Laboratoire des Radio‐Isotopes University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Mark Mulligan
- Department of Geography King's College London London UK
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Exploring the Influence of Biological Traits and Environmental Drivers on Water Use Variations across Contrasting Forests. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding species-specific water use patterns across contrasting sites and how sensitivity of responses to environmental variables changes for different species is critical for evaluating potential forest dynamics and land use changes under global change. To quantify water use patterns and the sensitivity of tree transpiration to environmental drivers among sites and species, sap flow and meteorological data sets from three contrasting climatic zones were combined and compared in this analysis. Agathis australis from NZHP site, Schima wallichii Choisy (native) and Acacia mangium Willd (exotic) from CHS site, Liquidamber formosana Hance, Quercus variabilis Blume and Quercus acutissima Carruth from CJGS site were the dominant trees chosen as our study species. Biological traits were collected to explain the underlying physiological mechanisms for water use variation. Results showed that the strongest environmental drivers of sap flow were photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and temperature across sites, indicating that the response of water use to abiotic drivers converged across sites. Water use magnitude was site specific, which was controlled by site characteristics, species composition and local weather conditions. The species with higher sap flow density (Fd) generally had greater stomatal conductance. Native deciduous broadleaved species had a higher Fd and faster response to stomatal regulation than that of native evergreen broadleaved species (S. wallichii) and conifer species A. australis. The analysis also showed that exotic species (A. mangium) consumed more water than native species (S. wallichii). Trees with diffuse porous and lower wood density had relatively higher Fd for angiosperms, suggesting that water use was regulated by physiological differences. Water use characteristics across sites are controlled by both external factors such as site-specific characteristics (local environmental conditions and species composition) and internal factors such as biological traits (xylem anatomy, root biomass and leaf area), which highlights the complexity of quantifying land water budgets for areas covered by different species.
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