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Rossi F, Santonicola S, Amadoro C, Marino L, Colavita G. Recent Records on Bacterial Opportunistic Infections via the Dietary Route. Microorganisms 2023; 12:69. [PMID: 38257896 PMCID: PMC10819555 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review was aimed at identifying the opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can be transmitted by contaminated food and represent a current threat for patients particularly susceptible to infections because of underlying conditions or predisposing factors. The analysis was focused on recent case or outbreak reports and systematic reviews published in the years 2019 to 2023 and resulted in sorting 24 bacterial groups comprising the genera or species able to cause a variety of systemic or invasive infections if ingested with food or drinking water. These included both bacteria known to cause mild infections in immunocompetent persons and bacteria considered to be innocuous, which are used in food fermentation or as probiotics. No recent cases of infections transmitted through dietary routes were reported for the critical nosocomial pathogens widely found in food products, primarily Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, the very first sources of their introduction into the clinical environment still need to be established. In many instances, risky dietary habits, such as eating raw fish, seafood, raw meat, unpasteurized milk, and their derived products or the lack of control in fermentation processes, has led to the reported illnesses, pointing out the necessity to improve the hygiene of production and consumer awareness of the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Serena Santonicola
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.S.); (C.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Carmela Amadoro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.S.); (C.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Lucio Marino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Giampaolo Colavita
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.S.); (C.A.); (G.C.)
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Casale R, Boattini M, Bianco G, Comini S, Corcione S, Garazzino S, Silvestro E, De Rosa FG, Cavallo R, Costa C. Bloodstream Infections by Pantoea Species: Clinical and Microbiological Findings from a Retrospective Study, Italy, 2018-2023. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1723. [PMID: 38136757 PMCID: PMC10740582 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The widespread use of MALDI-TOF coupled to mass spectrometry has improved diagnostic accuracy by identifying uncommon bacteria. Among Enterobacterales, Pantoea species have been seen to be implicated in several human infections, but their clinical and microbiological framework is currently based on a few anecdotal reports. (2) Methods: We conducted this five-year (2018-2023) single-center study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical and microbiological findings of Pantoea species bloodstream infections. (3) Results: Among the 4996 bloodstream infection Gram-negative isolates collected during the study period, Pantoea species accounted for 0.4% (n = 19) of isolates from 19 different patients, 5 of them being pediatric cases. Among Pantoea species isolates, P. agglomerans was the most frequently detected (45%; n = 9) followed by P. eucrina (30%; n = 6) and P. septica (15%; n = 3). Malignancy (35.7%) in adults and malignancy (40%) and cerebrovascular disease following meconium aspiration (40%) in pediatric patients as comorbidities and shivering and/or fever following parenteral infusion (36.8%) as a symptom/sign of Pantoea species bloodstream infection onset were the most frequently observed clinical features. Among adults, primary bloodstream infection was the most frequent (50%), whereas among pediatric patients, the most commonly identified sources of infection were catheter-related (40%) and the respiratory tract (40%). Overall, Pantoea species bloodstream infection isolates displayed high susceptibility to all the antibiotics except for ampicillin (63.2%), fosfomycin (73.7%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (84.2%). Targeted antibiotic treatment was prescribed as monotherapy for adults (71.4%) and combination therapy for pediatric patients (60%). The most prescribed antibiotic regimens were piperacillin/tazobactam (21.4%) in adults and meropenem- (40%) and aminoglycoside-containing (40%) antibiotics in pediatric patients. The overall 28-day all-cause mortality rate was 5.3% (n = 1). (4) Conclusions: The prevalence and 28-day mortality rate of Pantoea species bloodstream infections were low. The prescription of targeted therapy including broad-spectrum antibiotics could indicate an underestimation of the specific involvement of the Pantoea species in the onset of the disease, warranting further studies defining their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Casale
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Boattini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Comini
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, Carlo Urbani Hospital, 60035 Jesi, Italy
| | - Silvia Corcione
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Garazzino
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Silvestro
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
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