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Orji ML, Oluchukwu OEC, Agboeze J, Onyire NB, Nnaji TN, Nweke SO, Nwali MI. Correlates of mother-to child-transmission of HIV infection in a tertiary hospital in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024:fdae092. [PMID: 38869098 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nigeria has the largest global burden of HIV new infections in children despite global and national concerted efforts at the reduction of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The goal of this study was to determine the associations between maternal characteristics, practices and mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection among mothers living with HIV. METHODS This is a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study. Information was obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire from the 240 participants. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 26, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of the 240 mothers recruited, 129 (53.8%) were within 25-35 years of age, with a mean age of 31.08 ± 5.65. A total of 35 (14.6%) of the participants had at least a child with HIV infection. Maternal ART status before childbirth (AOR = 0.02, 95%CI = 0.01-0.05, P = < 0 .001) was the singular determinant of having a child with HIV infection. Mothers who delivered outside the health facility were about four-fold at risk of having an infected child (AOR = 3.89, 95%CI = 1.82-8.50, P = 0.070). CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is high. Routine HIV testing services and the provision of accessible and affordable reproductive health services are recommended for all women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Lauretta Orji
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, PMB 102 480001, Nigeria
| | - Oyim-Elechi Cecilia Oluchukwu
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, PMB 102 480001, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Agboeze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, PMB 102 480001, Nigeria
| | - Nnamdi Benson Onyire
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, PMB 102 480001, Nigeria
| | - Theresa Nwamaka Nnaji
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, PMB 102 480001, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Ogo Nweke
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, PMB 102 480001, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Igwe Nwali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, PMB 102 480001, Nigeria
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Leandro DB, Celerino da Silva R, Rodrigues JKF, Leite MCG, Arraes LC, Coelho AVC, Crovella S, Zupin L, Guimarães RL. Clinical-Epidemiological Characteristics and IFITM-3 (rs12252) Variant Involvement in HIV-1 Mother-to-Children Transmission Susceptibility in a Brazilian Population. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020397. [PMID: 36836754 PMCID: PMC9959554 DOI: 10.3390/life13020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-children transmission (MTCT) is the main infection route for HIV-1 in children, and may occur during pregnancy, delivery, and/or postpartum. It is a multifactorial phenomenon, where genetic variants play an important role. This study aims at analyzing the influence of clinical epidemiological characteristics and a variant (rs12252) in interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM-3), a gene encoding an important viral restriction factor, on the susceptibility to HIV-1 mother-to-children transmission (MTCT). A case-control study was performed on 209 HIV-1-infected mothers and their exposed infected (87) and uninfected (122) children from Pernambuco, Brazil. Clinical-epidemiological characteristics are significantly associated with MTCT susceptibility. Transmitter mothers have a significantly lower age at delivery, late diagnosis, deficiency in ART use (pregnancy and delivery), and detectable viral load in the third trimester of pregnancy compared with non-transmitter mothers. Infected children show late diagnosis, vaginal delivery frequency, and tend to breastfeed, differing significantly from uninfected children. The IFITM-3 rs12252-C allele and TC/CC genotypes (dominant model) are significantly more frequent among infected than uninfected children, but the statistical significance does not remain when adjusted for clinical factors. No significant differences are observed between transmitter and non-transmitter mothers in relation to the IFITM-3 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Bernardes Leandro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida da Engenharia, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Celerino da Silva
- Departament of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE), Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Jessyca Kalynne Farias Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida da Engenharia, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Carollayne Gonçalves Leite
- Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Arraes
- Institute of Medicine Integral of Pernambuco Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP-PE), Rua dos Coelhos, 300, Boa Vista, Recife 50070-902, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafael Lima Guimarães
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida da Engenharia, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
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Ka’e AC, Nka AD, Yagai B, Domkam Kammogne I, Ngoufack Jagni Semengue E, Nanfack AJ, Nkenfou C, Tommo Tchouaket MC, Takou D, Sosso SM, Fainguem N, Abba A, Pabo W, Kamgaing N, Temgoua E, Tchounga B, Tchendjou P, Tetang S, Njom Nlend AE, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Mercedes Santoro M, Fokam J. The mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and profile of viral reservoirs in pediatric population: A systematic review with meta-analysis of the Cameroonian studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278670. [PMID: 36649370 PMCID: PMC9844886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT) remains on the major route of HIV-transmission among pediatric populations in Africa. Though a prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) high-priority country, data on the MTCT burdens in Cameroon remains fragmented. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the pooled MTCT rate, its risk-factors, and to characterize viral reservoirs of infected-children in Cameroon. METHODS All relevant observational cohort and cross-sectional studies conducted in Cameroon were searched from PubMed, African Journals Online, Google scholar, ScienceDirect and academic medical education databases. Heterogeneity and publication bias were respectively assessed by the I2 statistic and the Egger/funnel plot test. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model. MTCT rate >5% was considered as "high". This review was registered in the Prospero database, CRD42021224497. RESULTS We included a total of 29 studies and analyzed 46 684 children born from HIV-positive mothers. The overall rate of MTCT was 7.00% (95% CI = 6.07-8.51). According to regions, the highest burden was in Adamaoua-region (17.51% [95% CI:14.21-21.07]) with only one study found. PMTCT option-B+ resulted in about 25% reduction of MTCT (8.97% [95% CI: 8.71-9.24] without option-B+ versus 2.88% [95% CI: 5.03-9.34] with option-B+). Regarding risk-factors, MTCT was significantly associated with the absence of PMTCT-interventions both in children (OR:5.40 [95% CI: 2.58-11.27]) and mothers (OR: 3.59 [95% CI: 2.15-5.99]). Regarding viral reservoirs, a pro-viral DNA mean of 3.34±1.05 log10/mL was observed among 5/57 children and archived HIV drug resistance mutations were identified in pro-viral DNA marker among 21/79 infected-children. CONCLUSION In spite of the dropdown in MTCT following option-B+ implementation, MTCT remains high in Cameroon, with substantial disparities across regions. Thus, in this era of option-B+, achieving MTCT elimination requires interventions in northern-Cameroon. The variation in pro-viral load in infected-children underlines the relevance of characterizing viral reservoirs for possible infection control in tropical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Christelle Ka’e
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata” (UTV-Rome), Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (ACK); (JF)
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata” (UTV-Rome), Rome, Italy
| | - Bouba Yagai
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata” (UTV-Rome), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata” (UTV-Rome), Rome, Italy
| | - Aubin Joseph Nanfack
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Celine Nkenfou
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Catholic University of Central Africa (UCAC), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Desire Takou
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Martin Sosso
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nadine Fainguem
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata” (UTV-Rome), Rome, Italy
| | - Aissatou Abba
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Willy Pabo
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Nelly Kamgaing
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Edith Temgoua
- National AIDS Control Committee (CNLS), Yaounde, Cameroun
| | - Boris Tchounga
- Elisabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF), Douala, Cameroon
| | - Patrice Tchendjou
- Elisabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF), Douala, Cameroon
| | - Suzie Tetang
- National Social Welfare Hospital (CHE), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (ACK); (JF)
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Ganguly S, Chakraborty D, Debnath F, Biswas S, Majumdar A, Saha MK, Dutta S. Epidemiological drivers of mother to child HIV transmission in West Bengal, India: A retrospective cohort study. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:472-478. [PMID: 35306925 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221076618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV transmission through vertical route can be reduced to a large extent with combination of medical interventions. Apart from maternal HIV status several other epidemiological attributes determine this transmission dynamics.Objective: The objective of this study was to identify various associated factors that determine and modify the risk of HIV transmission from a mother living with HIV to her child.Materials and method: A retrospective cohort-study was conducted with 518 HIV-positive pregnant women with delivering live babies between April 2016 - September 2018. The HIV status of the children was ascertained with polymerase chain reaction. A number of socio-demographic and medical attributes were compared between HIV-positive (41) and HIV-negative babies (477) using bivariate and multivariate methods to identify disease modifying factors. RESULTS Maternal HIV detection during the postnatal period (AOR = 11.2; 5.2 - 23.8), low birth weight (AOR = 2.7; 1.2 - 5.9), and vaginal delivery (AOR = 2.8; 1.01 - 7.7) were significantly associated with vertical transmission of HIV. Lower duration of maternal antiretroviral treatment and higher maternal age (>25 years) were also associated in bivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The battery of PPTCT (Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission) interventions should be tailored in such a way to address all the epidemiological attributes influencing vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ganguly
- West Bengal State AIDS Prevention & Control Society Kolkata, RinggoldID:245567National AIDS Control Organisation, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debjit Chakraborty
- Division of Epidemiology, RinggoldID:30170ICMR- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Falguni Debnath
- Division of Epidemiology, RinggoldID:30170ICMR- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Biswas
- Division of Virology, RinggoldID:30170ICMR- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Agniva Majumdar
- Division of Bacteriology & VRDL, RinggoldID:30170ICMR- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Malay Kumar Saha
- Division of Virology, RinggoldID:30170ICMR- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, RinggoldID:30170ICMR- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Zhao J, Chen Q, Fu C, Qin Q, Huang H, Feng Y, Wei Y, Li Y, Huang A, Xu Q, She S. Rate of the HIV Transmission and Associated Factors Among HIV-Exposed Infants in Guangxi, China: 2014-2019. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:647-655. [PMID: 32498619 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and identify the possible factors leading to infant HIV infection using a retrospective cohort study of early infant diagnosis (EID). Information on a total of 3,145 exposed infant-mother pairs was collected from the EID platform from July 2014 to December 2019. The MTCT rate was 2.1%. Spatial-temporal maps showed that rates varied by year and by region, with four districts (Baise, Guigang, Guilin, and Hechi) maintaining rates of >2.0% in 2019. The rate of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use was 94.4%, with a gradual increase in prescriptions of highly active ART (HAART) from 83.0% in 2014 to 92.4% in 2019. A majority of 99.5% of infants were receiving artificial feeding. Factors associated with MTCT were ART use (odds ratio [OR] = 0.065, confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.035-0.121) and artificial feeding (OR = 0.091, 95% CI = 0.018-0.452). HAART was more helpful in decreasing the risk of MTCT compared with monotherapy (OR = 0.115, 95% CI = 0.014-0.933). ART during the postpartum period correlated with an increased risk (OR = 11.579, 95% CI = 1.402-95.960) compared with use of ART during pregnancy. This study indicates that MTCT rate of HIV is decreasing meaningfully in Guangxi. Some areas still face challenges in elimination of MTCT and need further resources and interventions. Future program planning should take into consideration the fact that ART use-in particular the use of HAART or ART during pregnancy-and replacement feeding may contribute to the prevention of MTCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaopei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Chunyun Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qinghua Qin
- Department of Maternal Health, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Aidan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- National HIV/HCV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shangyang She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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