Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk of pre-eclampsia in central Sudan: a case-control study

History of maternal migraine and its association with preeclampsia: A case-control study in a low-resource setting in Sudan, Africa

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have reported various levels of association between migraine and preeclampsia. However, there are no published data on migraine and its association with preeclampsia in African countries, including Sudan.

METHODS

A case-control study was conducted at Rabak Maternity Hospital in White Nile State, Central Sudan. The cases were pregnant women with preeclampsia, while the controls were healthy pregnant women. All participants were interviewed using questionnaire. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in a multivariate regression analysis.

RESULTS

Of 148 pregnant women with preeclampsia, 96 (64.9%) women had mild preeclampsia and 52 (35.1%) women had severe preeclampsia. Of the 148 study participants with preeclampsia, 57 (38.5%) had a history of migraine and 19/296 (6.4%) women in control group had a history of migraine (p < 0.001). Pregnant women with a history of migraine have higher odds of preeclampsia than pregnant women without a history of migraine (AOR = 9.01, 95% CI = 4.81-16.86). A history of preeclampsia, being overweight and obesity were associated with preeclampsia.

CONCLUSION

Our findings are consistent with the findings of previous studies on the association between migraine and preeclampsia. More studies are needed on this topic.

Review: Influence of 25(OH)D Blood Concentration and Supplementation during Pregnancy on Preeclampsia Development and Neonatal Outcomes

Briefly, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) plays an essential role in embryogenesis and the course of intra- and postnatal periods and is crucially involved in the functioning of the mother–placenta–fetus system. The low quantity of 25(OH)D during pregnancy can lead to an elevated risk for preeclampsia occurrence. Despite the numerous studies on the association of 25(OH)D deficiency and preeclampsia development, the current research on this theme is contradictory. In this review, we summarize and analyze study data on the effects of 25(OH)D deficiency and supplementation on pregnancy, labor, and fetal and neonatal outcomes.

Association between Maternal Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and the Risk of Preterm Birth in Central Sudan: A Case–Control Study

There are few published studies on the association between vitamin D concentrations and preterm birth (PB) in sub-Saharan Africa. The current study aimed to assess the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH)] D) levels and PB. A matched case–control study (60 women in each arm) was conducted in Medani maternity hospital in central Sudan. The cases were women with spontaneous PB, and healthy women with term deliveries were the controls. The clinical/medical and obstetric history was gathered using a questionnaire. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum 25(OH)D levels. Women with PB had significantly lower median (interquartile range) 25(OH)D concentrations compared with the controls (18.4 (7.3) ng/mL vs. 20.2 (16.5) ng/mL, p = 0.001). Forty-two (70.0%) women with PB and 29 (48.3%) women in the control group had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D level ≤ 20 ng/mL). The results of the multivariable logistic regression showed that the 25(OH)D concentrations were negatively associated with PB (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.87–0.97). Vitamin D-deficient pregnant women were at a higher risk of PB (aOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.17–6.23). Low 25(OH)D concentrations were found at the time the variable was determined in women with spontaneous PB and were an independent risk factor for PB.