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Staji H, Keyvanlou M, Geraili Z, Shahsavari H, Jafari E. The First Study of West Nile Virus in Feral Pigeons ( Columba livia domestica) Using Conventional Reverse Transcriptase PCR in Semnan and Khorasane-Razavi Provinces, Northeast of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2021; 15:136-142. [PMID: 34277862 PMCID: PMC8271231 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i1.6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arboviral infection continuing to be as major threat to human health as well as the livestock industry all around the world. Birds including pigeons are one of the potential reservoirs for WNV. This study aimed to detect the presence of WNV genome in feral pigeons circulating in Semnan and Khorasane-Razavi Provinces (Iran) including 10 urban and 10 suburban areas. Methods: Totally, 150 samples (brain and kidney) were collected equally from feral pigeons and the presence of WNV genome was evaluated in these samples after RNA extraction. Results: All the samples were negative for the presence of WNV-RNA in this investigation. Conclusion: Although obtained result indicated no evidence of WNV genome in feral pigeons but complementary studies regarding serologic detection of WNV in vertebrate hosts as well as pigeons and identification of arthropod vectors seems necessary for comprehensive determination about infection status in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Staji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Morteza Keyvanlou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Geraili
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Jafari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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Abdullahi IN, Emeribe AU, Ghamba PE, Omosigho PO, Bello ZM, Oderinde BS, Fasogbon SA, Olayemi L, Daneji IM, Musa MH, Nwofe JO, Onukegbe NB, Okume CC, Musa S, Gwarzo AM, Ajagbe OOR. Distribution pattern and prevalence of West Nile virus infection in Nigeria from 1950 to 2020: a systematic review. Epidemiol Health 2020; 42:e2020071. [PMID: 33254358 PMCID: PMC8137371 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne viral infection. This study investigated the pooled prevalence pattern and risk factors of WNV infection among humans and animals in Nigeria. METHODS A systematic review was conducted of eligible studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from January 1, 1950 to August 30, 2020. Peer-reviewed cross-sectional studies describing WNV infections in humans and animals were systematically reviewed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q statistic. RESULTS Eighteen out of 432 available search output were eligible and included for this study. Of which 13 and 5 were WNV studies on humans and animals, respectively. Although 61.5% of the human studies had a low risk of bias, they all had high heterogeneity. The South West geopolitical zone of Nigeria had the highest pooled prevalence of anti-WNV immunoglobulin M (IgM; 7.8% in humans). The pooled seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgM and immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 7.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9 to 8.3) and 76.5% (95% CI, 74.0 to 78.8), respectively. The WNV RNA prevalence was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.9), while 14.3% (95% CI, 12.9 to 15.8) had WNV-neutralizing antibodies. In animals, the pooled seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgM and IgG was 90.3% (95% CI, 84.3 to 94.6) and 3.5% (95% CI, 1.9 to 5.8), respectively, while 20.0% (95% CI, 12.9 to 21.4) had WNV-neutralizing antibodies. Age (odds ratio [OR], 3.73; 95% CI, 1.87 to 7.45; p<0.001) and level of education (no formal education: OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 1.08 to 17.2; p<0.05; primary: OR, 7.29; 95% CI, 1.80 to 29.6; p<0.01) were significant risk factors for WNV IgM seropositivity in humans. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study highlight the endemicity of WNV in animals and humans in Nigeria and underscore the need for the One Health prevention and control approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Uchenna Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Peter Elisha Ghamba
- WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Zakariyya Muhammad Bello
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Soji Oderinde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Ayobami Fasogbon
- Public Health In-vitro Diagnostic Control Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Lawal Olayemi
- Department of Medicine, National University of Samoa, Samoa
| | - Isa Muhammad Daneji
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Hamis Musa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Chukwudi Crescent Okume
- Department of Medical Laboratory Service, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi Musa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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