1
|
Moorthy GS, Madut DB, Kilonzo KG, Lwezaula BF, Mbwasi R, Mmbaga BT, Ngocho JS, Saganda W, Bonnewell JP, Carugati M, Egger JR, Hertz JT, Tillekeratne LG, Maze MJ, Maro VP, Crump JA, Rubach MP. Antibacterial Utilization for Febrile Illnesses and Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infections in Northern Tanzania. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad448. [PMID: 37663090 PMCID: PMC10468737 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We describe antibacterial use in light of microbiology data and treatment guidelines for common febrile syndromes in Moshi, Tanzania. Methods We compared data from 2 hospital-based prospective cohort studies, cohort 1 (2011-2014) and cohort 2 (2016-2019), that enrolled febrile children and adults. A study team member administered a standardized questionnaire, performed a physical examination, and collected blood cultures. Participants with bloodstream infection (BSI) were categorized as receiving effective or ineffective therapy based upon antimicrobial susceptibility interpretations. Antibacterials prescribed for treatment of pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), or presumed sepsis were compared with World Health Organization and Tanzania Standard Treatment Guidelines. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to describe antibacterial use. Results Among participants, 430 of 1043 (41.2%) and 501 of 1132 (44.3%) reported antibacterial use prior to admission in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. During admission, 930 of 1043 (89.2%) received antibacterials in cohort 1 and 1060 of 1132 (93.6%) in cohort 2. Inpatient use of ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and ampicillin increased between cohorts (P ≤ .002 for each). BSI was detected in 38 (3.6%) participants in cohort 1 and 47 (4.2%) in cohort 2. Of 85 participants with BSI, 81 (95.3%) had complete data and 52 (64.2%) were prescribed effective antibacterials. Guideline-consistent therapy in cohort 1 and cohort 2 was as follows: pneumonia, 87.4% and 56.8%; UTI, 87.6% and 69.0%; sepsis, 84.4% and 61.2% (P ≤ .001 for each). Conclusions Receipt of antibacterials for febrile illness was common. While guideline-consistent prescribing increased over time, more than one-third of participants with BSI received ineffective antibacterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganga S Moorthy
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deng B Madut
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kajiru G Kilonzo
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre-Duke University Collaboration, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Ronald Mbwasi
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre-Duke University Collaboration, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre-Duke University Collaboration, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - James S Ngocho
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre-Duke University Collaboration, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Wilbrod Saganda
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - John P Bonnewell
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manuela Carugati
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph R Egger
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julian T Hertz
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L Gayani Tillekeratne
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J Maze
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Venance P Maro
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre-Duke University Collaboration, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - John A Crump
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Matthew P Rubach
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Microbiological Characterisation of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Bagamoyo, Tanzania: A Prospective Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7060100. [PMID: 35736979 PMCID: PMC9228238 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7060100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections in sub-Saharan Africa, but microbiological data to guide treatment decisions are limited. Hence, we investigated the bacterial aetiology and corresponding antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in outpatients with UTIs in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Urine samples from symptomatic individuals were subjected to microbiological examinations for bacterial species identification using conventional methods and disc diffusion-based resistance testing. Subsequently, urine samples were transferred to Germany for confirmatory diagnostics using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and automated resistance testing. Overall, 104 out of 270 (38.5%) individuals had a positive urine culture and 119 putative pathogens were identified. The most frequently detected bacteria were Escherichia coli (23%), Klebsiella spp. (7%), Enterobacter cloacae complex (3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (2%). E. coli isolates showed high resistance against cotrimoxazole (76%), ampicillin (74%), piperacillin (74%) and fluoroquinolones (37%), but widespread susceptibility to meropenem (100%), fosfomycin (98%), piperacillin/tazobactam (97%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (82%). The agreement between E. coli susceptibility testing results in Tanzania and Germany was ≥95%, except for piperacillin/tazobactam (89%) and ciprofloxacin (84%). Given the considerable resistance to frequently prescribed antibiotics, such as cotrimoxazole and fluoroquinolones, future research should explore the potential of oral alternatives (e.g., fosfomycin) for the treatment of UTIs in Tanzania.
Collapse
|