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González-García MT, García-Varela M, López-Jiménez A, Ortega-Olivares MP, Pérez-Ponce de León G, Andrade-Gómez L. Scaphanocephalus spp. (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) in intermediate and definitive hosts of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, with a re-description of Scaphanocephalus expansus. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e98. [PMID: 38095098 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Scaphanocephalus is a small trematode genus belonging to the family Opistorchiidae. The genus currently contains only three species associated with marine fish as intermediate hosts and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts. Here, specimens of Scaphanocephalus were collected from the Osprey, Pandion haliaetus, and the White mullet, Mugil curema in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. We report for the first-time DNA sequences of adult specimens of Scaphanocephalus, particularly S. expansus, as well as a sequence of a different species sampled as metacercaria. Morphological comparisons of Scaphanocephalus expansus confirmed the identity of the adult specimens, with minor morphological variations; Scanning electron photomicrographs were included, and the species was re-described. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA sequences showed that Scaphanocephalus is monophyletic within Opisthorchiidae and consists of three independent lineages. Sequences of adults are identical to those of S. expansus. Instead, the sequence of the metacercaria sampled from the mesentery of Mugil curema nested with specimens reported as Scaphanocephalus sp. from a labrid fish in the Mediterranean Sea, herein named it as Scaphanocephalus sp. 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T González-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510, México
| | - M García-Varela
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A López-Jiménez
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M P Ortega-Olivares
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G Pérez-Ponce de León
- Departamento de Sistemas y Procesos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Km 4.5, Carretera Mérida-Tetiz, Ucú, Yucatán, C.P. 97357, México
| | - L Andrade-Gómez
- Departamento de Sistemas y Procesos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Km 4.5, Carretera Mérida-Tetiz, Ucú, Yucatán, C.P. 97357, México
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Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the threatened Australasian crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus australis, Gould 1844) in New Zealand, with descriptions of Baruscapillaria kamanae n. sp. (Nematoda: Trichuridae) and Cryptocotyle micromorpha n. sp. (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae). Syst Parasitol 2022; 99:217-239. [PMID: 35124752 PMCID: PMC8885541 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-022-10022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Australasian crested grebe Podiceps cristatus australis, Gould 1844 is restricted to Australia and New Zealand, where it is listed as Threatened and Nationally Vulnerable. For the first time in New Zealand, we report on the parasitic helminths infecting three individuals from Lake Wanaka, Otago, using morphological and molecular tools. Seven helminth species were found in the gastrointestinal tract: 2 nematodes (Contracaecum ovale and Baruscapillaria kamanaen. sp.), 4 trematodes (Australapatemon minor, Cryptocotyle micromorphan. sp., Tylodelphys darbyi and Neopetasiger neocomensis), and 1 cestode (Confluaria pseudofurcifera). Except for T. darbyi, all are new records for New Zealand. A change of orthography is proposed for Neopetasiger neocomensis and N. pseudoneocomensis. Cryptocotyle micromorphan. sp. (Opisthorchiidae) is distinguished from similar species by its small size, wholly extracaecal vitellaria and anteriorly looped uterus. Baruscapillaria kamanaen. sp. (Trichuridae) is distinguished from other freshwater species by a combination of vulva and spicule morphology. The helminth parasites found here are mostly the same as those from the grebe in the northern hemisphere, indicating that they have been carried with the host species in its spread to Australasia. However, the parasite fauna may be depauperate due to a diminishing reservoir of intermediate hosts in that geographical migration.
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Sokolov S, Kalmykov A, Frolov E, Atopkin D. Taxonomic myths and phylogenetic realities in the systematics of the Opisthorchiidae (Trematoda). ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sokolov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Moscow Russia
| | | | - Evgeniy Frolov
- Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography Sakhalin Branch (SakhNIRO) Yuzhno‐Sakhalinsk Russia
| | - Dmitry Atopkin
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of the RAS Vladivostok Russia
- Institute of World Ocean Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok Russia
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Cribb TH, Cutmore SC, Bray RA. The biodiversity of marine trematodes: then, now and in the future. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:1085-1097. [PMID: 34757087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trematodes are the richest class of platyhelminths in the marine environment, infecting all classes of marine vertebrates as sexual adults and many phyla of marine invertebrates as part of their life cycles. Despite the cryptic nature of their existence (almost all marine trematodes are internal parasites), they have been the focus of study for almost 250 years, with the first species described in 1774. Here we review progress in the study of the "biodiversity" of these parasites, contrasting the progress made in the last 50 years (post-1971) to that in the almost 200 years before it (pre-1972). We consider an understanding of biodiversity to require knowledge of the species present in the system, an understanding of their evolutionary relationships (which informs higher classification), and, specifically for trematodes, an understanding of their complex life cycles. The fauna is now large, comprising well over 5,000 species. Although species description continues, we see evidence of a slow-down in all aspects of discovery. There has been only one completely new family identified since 1984 and the proposal of new genera is in decline as is the description of new species, especially for those of tetrapods. However, the extent to which this slow-down reflects an approach to the richness asymptote is made uncertain by changes in the field; reduced effort and difficulty of study may be important components of the effect. Regardless of how close we are to a complete description of the fauna, we infer that the outline is well-understood although the details are not. Adoption of molecular methodologies over the last 40 years have complemented morphometric analyses to facilitate objective recognition of species; however, despite these objective data, there is still inconsistency between authors on species delimitation. Molecular methodologies have also completely revolutionised inference of relationships at all levels, from within genera to between orders, and underpinned elucidation of novel life cycles. We expect the next 50 years to produce further dividends from technological innovations. The backdrop to the field will be global environmental concerns and the growing problem of funding for basic biodiversity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Cribb
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Scott C Cutmore
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rodney A Bray
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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