1
|
Hand SJ, Archer M, Gillespie A, Myers T. Xenorhinos bhatnagari sp. nov., a new, nasal-emitting trident bat (Rhinonycteridae, Rhinolophoidea) from early Miocene forests in northern Australia. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2693-2715. [PMID: 36995152 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A new Old World trident bat (Rhinonycteridae) is described from an early Miocene cave deposit in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland, Australia. Living rhinonycterids comprise a small family of insect-eating, nasal-emitting rhinolophoid bats from Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, the Middle East, and northern Australia. The new fossil species is one of at least 12 rhinonycterid species known from the Oligo-Miocene cave deposits at Riversleigh. We refer the new species to the genus Xenorhinos (Hand, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 430-439, 1998a) because it shares a number of unusual cranial features with the type and only other species of the genus, X. halli, including a broad rostrum, very wide interorbital region, pronounced ventral flexion of the rostrum, very constricted sphenoidal bridge, and, within the nasal fossa, reduced bony division, and relatively well developed turbinals. Xenorhinos species lived in northern Australia during the global Miocene Climatic Optimum, in closed wet forests, unlike the drier habitats that trident bats largely inhabit today. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that more than one dispersal event gave rise to the Australian rhinonycterid radiation, with two lineages having sister-group relationships with non-Australian taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Hand
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Archer
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Gillespie
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Troy Myers
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Demos TC, Webala PW, Goodman SM, Kerbis Peterhans JC, Lutz HL, Agwanda BR, Cortés-Delgado N, Briones S, Ree RH, Patterson BD. Ultraconserved elements resolve phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of African-Malagasy bent-winged bats (Miniopterus). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 188:107890. [PMID: 37517508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
African-Malagasy species of the bat genus Miniopterus are notable both for the dramatic increase in the number of newly recognized species over the last 15 years, as well as for the profusion of new taxa from Madagascar and the neighboring Comoros. Since 2007, seven new Malagasy Miniopterus species have been described compared to only two new species since 1936 from the Afrotropics. The conservative morphology of Miniopterus and limited geographic sampling in continental Africa have undoubtedly contributed to the deficit of continental species. In addition to uncertainty over species limits, phylogenetic relationships of Miniopterus remain mostly unresolved, particularly at deeper backbone nodes. Previous phylogenetic studies were based on limited taxon sampling and/or limited genetic sampling involving no more than five loci. Here, we conduct the first phylogenomic study of the Afrotropical Miniopteridae by analyzing up to 3772 genome-wide ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from historic and modern samples of 70 individuals from 25 Miniopterus species/lineages. We analyze multiple datasets of varying degrees of completeness (70, 90, and 100 percent complete) using partitioned concatenated maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent methods. Our well-supported, species-level phylogenies resolved most (6/8 or 7/8) backbone nodes and strongly support for the first time the monophyly of the Malagasy radiation. We inferred the crown age of African Miniopteridae in the late Miocene (10.4 Ma), while the main lineages of Miniopterus appear to have contemporaneously diversified in two sister radiations in the Afrotropics and Madagascar. Species-level divergence of 23 of 25 African + Malagasy Miniopterus were estimated to have 95 % HPDs that overlap with the late Miocene (5.3-10.4 Ma). We present ancestral range estimates that unambiguously support a continental African radiation that originated in the Zambezian and Somalian/Ethiopian biogeographic regions, but we cannot rule out back colonization of Africa from Madagascar. The phylogeny indicates genetic support for up to seven new species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence C Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Julian C Kerbis Peterhans
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; College of Arts & Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Holly L Lutz
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalia Cortés-Delgado
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefania Briones
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard H Ree
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce D Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adler GH, Brace S, Christenhusz MJM, Dittel JW, Hansford JP. Integrative approaches to mammalian systematics, ecomorphology and biomechanics. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H Adler
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh , WI 54901-3551 , USA
| | - Selina Brace
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum , Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD , UK
| | | | - Jacob W Dittel
- Department of Biology, University of North Alabama , Box 5048, Florence, AL 35632-0001 , USA
| | - James P Hansford
- Institute of Zoology of the Zoological Society of London , Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY , UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin A, Feng J, Kanwal JS. Geographic Variation in Social Vocalizations of the Great Himalayan Leaf-Nosed Bat, Hipposideros armiger: Acoustic Overflow Across Population Boundaries. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.948324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bat populations employ rich vocal repertoires for social communication in addition to emitting sound pulses for echolocation. Acoustic parameters of echolocation pulses can vary with the context in which they are emitted, and also with the individual and across populations as a whole. The acoustic parameters of social vocalizations, or “calls”, also vary with the individual and context, but not much is known about their variation across populations at different geographic locations. Here, we leveraged the detailed acoustic classification of social vocalizations available for the Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros armiger, to examine geographic variation in five commonly emitted simple syllable types. We hypothesized that individuals within geographically dispersed populations communicate using spectrographically similar constructs or “syllable types”. We also examined whether call syllables vary discordantly with the correlation pattern observed for echolocation pulses across those same geographic regions. Furthermore, we postulated that the acoustic boundaries of a syllable type are not uniquely constrained to its variation within a particular population of the same subspecies. To test our hypotheses, we obtained recordings of social calls of H. a. armiger from nine locations within the oriental region. These locations were consolidated into five geographic regions based on previously established region-specific differences in the peak frequency of echolocation pulses. A multivariate cluster analysis established that unlike echolocation pulses, syllable types exhibit a relatively large variance. Analysis of this variance showed significant differences in Least Squares Means estimates, establishing significant population-level differences in the multiparametric means of individual syllable types across geographic regions. Multivariate discriminant analysis confirmed the presence of region-specific centroids for different syllable constructs, but also showed a large overlap of their multiparametric boundaries across geographic regions. We propose that despite differences in the population-specific core construct of a syllable type, bats maximize acoustic variation across individuals within a population irrespective of its overflow and overlap with other populations.
Collapse
|