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Qamar M, Shafiullah, Sultanat, Lal H, Gupta S, Rizvi A, Farhan M. Synthesis, characterization, computational studies and in vitro antiparasitic activity of novel flavanoidal-1,2,4,5-tetrazinane-6'-thione. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10244-10256. [PMID: 36482755 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2154267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Keeping in view the growing resistance of conventional antiparasitic drugs, this study aimed to synthesize a series of six noble flavanoidal tetrazinane-6'-thione derivatives by employing a facile one pot reaction pathway. Structural characterizations of synthesized compounds were performed by using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and LC-MS spectra. Molecular docking study showed that one of the newly synthesized compounds strongly bind with the amino residues of BSA with two hydrogen bonding interactions. Physiological properties, pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) and toxicity of all synthesized compounds was carried out using Molinspiration and pkCSM softwares. DFT calculations were performed for all synthesized compounds using B3LYP method to obtain various molecular properties. Using a previously established model for parasitic infections, Clinostomum complanatum we showed that the newly synthesized compounds have a very potent parasitic activity. To elucidate the possible mechanisms, we tested the exposed parasites and observed a perturbation in lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. Implications of this are discussed in the light of development of these molecules as antiparasitic drugs. HIGHLIGHTSSix noble flavanoidal-1,2,4,5-tetrazinane-6'-thiones (7-12) were synthesized using flavanone derivatives and thiocarbohydrazide in acetic acid as a reagent in ethanol employing one-pot synthesis.Structural characterization of synthesized compounds was done using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and LC-MS spectra.Physicochemical analysis determined that all synthesized compounds are efficiently absorbed and have good permeability.In silico ADME and Toxic properties were determined for all synthesized compounds.In vitro antiparasitic activity was performed for all synthesized compounds against Clinostomum complanatum.Molecular Docking studies demonstrated the binding interaction with BSA enzyme through hydrogen bonding.Density functional theory (DFT) have been performed to estimate the various molecular properties of the synthesized compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, Aligarh, India
| | - Shafiullah
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, Aligarh, India
| | - Sultanat
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, Aligarh, India
| | - Hira Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, Aligarh, India
| | - Sugandhi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, Aligarh, India
| | - Asim Rizvi
- Department of Kulliyat, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Qamar M, Sultanat, Shafiullah, Khan AU, Ali A, Farhat N. One pot facile synthesis of flavanoidal oxadiazinanones: In vitro antibacterial activity, docking and MD simulation using DNA gyrase. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Ravisankar S, Dizlek H, Awika JM. Changes in extractable phenolic profile during natural fermentation of wheat, sorghum and teff. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110426. [PMID: 34112428 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Whole grain polyphenols are associated with structure-specific bioactive properties. However, the phenolic profile of grain ingredients can be significantly altered by processes like fermentation. This study investigated how polyphenol profiles in different cereal grains respond to microbial metabolism during sourdough fermentation. Whole grain wheat (white and red), sorghum (white and lemon-yellow), and teff (white and brown) flours were subjected to natural sourdough fermentation for 48-96 h, and phenolic profiles and their metabolites monitored using UPLC-tandem quadrupole MS. Flavonoid O-glycosides (dominant in sorghum) were rapidly metabolized (66% reduction in 48 h) to release aglycones (2.5 fold increase). O-Glycoside groups in mixed O/C-glycosides (dominant in teff) were selectively hydrolyzed, but more slowly (11-32% reduction in 48 h) than homo-O-glycosides, suggesting steric hindrance from the C-glycoside groups. Flavonoid C-glycosides (dominant in wheat) and aglycones (white sorghum) were generally stable to microbial degradation. Extractable phenolic acids and their esters (most abundant in white sorghum) were extensively degraded (80% reduction in 48 h) with few metabolites detected at the end of fermentation. Thus, extractable phenolics in sorghum were generally most extensively metabolized, whereas those in wheat were the least impacted by sourdough fermentation. New microbial metabolites, putatively identified as O-methylcatechol-vinyl-isoflavans, were detected in all fermented samples, with levels increasing with fermentation time. Based on structure, these compounds were likely derived from cell wall C-C linked diferulic acid metabolism. As expected, Folin reactive phenols and antioxidant capacity increased in fermented samples, but the extent was distinctly smaller in sorghums (1.3-1.9 fold) vs teff (2.4-3.2 fold) and wheat (2.0-6.1 fold), likely due to higher presence of easily metabolizable phenolics in sorghum. The phenolic profile of a cereal grain affects the products of microbial metabolism during fermentation, and may thus alter phenolic-dependent bioactive properties associated with a specific grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeya Ravisankar
- Texas A&M University, Food Science & Technology Department, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Halef Dizlek
- Texas A&M University, Food Science & Technology Department, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Joseph M Awika
- Texas A&M University, Food Science & Technology Department, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M University, Soil & Crop Sciences Department, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Girard AL, Awika JM. Sorghum polyphenols and other bioactive components as functional and health promoting food ingredients. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Structural profile of soluble and bound phenolic compounds in teff (Eragrostis tef) reveals abundance of distinctly different flavones in white and brown varieties. Food Chem 2018; 263:265-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Awika JM, Rose DJ, Simsek S. Complementary effects of cereal and pulse polyphenols and dietary fiber on chronic inflammation and gut health. Food Funct 2018. [PMID: 29532826 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo02011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cereal grains and grain pulses are primary staples often consumed together, and contribute a major portion of daily human calorie and protein intake globally. Protective effects of consuming whole grain cereals and grain pulses against various inflammation-related chronic diseases are well documented. However, potential benefits of combined intake of whole cereals and pulses beyond their complementary amino acid nutrition is rarely considered in literature. There is ample evidence that key bioactive components of whole grain cereals and pulses are structurally different and thus may be optimized to provide synergistic/complementary health benefits. Among the most important whole grain bioactive components are polyphenols and dietary fiber, not only because of their demonstrated biological function, but also their major impact on consumer choice of whole grain/pulse products. This review highlights the distinct structural differences between key cereal grain and pulse polyphenols and non-starch polysaccharides (dietary fiber), and the evidence on specific synergistic/complementary benefits of combining the bioactive components from the two commodities. Interactive effects of the polyphenols and fiber on gut microbiota and associated benefits to colon health, and against systemic inflammation, are discussed. Processing technologies that can be used to further enhance the interactive benefits of combined cereal-pulse bioactive compounds are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Awika
- Cereal Quality Laboratory, Soil & Crop Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. and Nutrition and Food Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Awika JM, Duodu KG. Bioactive polyphenols and peptides in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) and their health promoting properties: A review. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Agah S, Kim H, Mertens-Talcott SU, Awika JM. Complementary cereals and legumes for health: Synergistic interaction of sorghum flavones and cowpea flavonols against LPS-induced inflammation in colonic myofibroblasts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Agah
- Department of Soil and Crop Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - Hyemee Kim
- Department of Soil and Crop Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Awika
- Department of Soil and Crop Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
- Allied Blending and ingredients; Bell CA, USA
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Dwivedi SL, Upadhyaya HD, Chung IM, De Vita P, García-Lara S, Guajardo-Flores D, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Serna-Saldívar SO, Rajakumar G, Sahrawat KL, Kumar J, Ortiz R. Exploiting Phenylpropanoid Derivatives to Enhance the Nutraceutical Values of Cereals and Legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:763. [PMID: 27375635 PMCID: PMC4891577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are a diverse chemical class with immense health benefits that are biosynthesized from the aromatic amino acid L-phenylalanine. This article reviews the progress for accessing variation in phenylpropanoids in germplasm collections, the genetic and molecular basis of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and the development of cultivars dense in seed-phenylpropanoids. Progress is also reviewed on high-throughput assays, factors that influence phenylpropanoids, the site of phenylpropanoids accumulation in seed, Genotype × Environment interactions, and on consumer attitudes for the acceptance of staple foods rich in phenylpropanoids. A paradigm shift was noted in barley, maize, rice, sorghum, soybean, and wheat, wherein cultivars rich in phenylpropanoids are grown in Europe and North and Central America. Studies have highlighted some biological constraints that need to be addressed for development of high-yielding cultivars that are rich in phenylpropanoids. Genomics-assisted breeding is expected to facilitate rapid introgression into improved genetic backgrounds by minimizing linkage drag. More research is needed to systematically characterize germplasm pools for assessing variation to support crop genetic enhancement, and assess consumer attitudes to foods rich in phenylpropanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangam L. Dwivedi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | - Hari D. Upadhyaya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, USA
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la CerealicolturaFoggia, Italy
| | - Silverio García-Lara
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Daniel Guajardo-Flores
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Janet A. Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Kanwar L. Sahrawat
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | | | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarp, Sweden
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