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Tu CW, Huang YW, Lee CW, Kuo SY, Lin NS, Hsu YH, Hu CC. Argonaute 5-mediated antiviral defense and viral counter-defense in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus Res 2023; 334:199179. [PMID: 37481165 PMCID: PMC10405324 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The argonaute (AGO) family proteins play a crucial role in preventing viral invasions through the plant antiviral RNA silencing pathway, with distinct AGO proteins recruited for specific antiviral mechanisms. Our previous study revealed that Nicotiana benthamiana AGO5 (NbAGO5) expression was significantly upregulated in response to bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) infection. However, the roles of NbAGO5 in antiviral mechanisms remained to be explored. In this research, we examined the antiviral functions of NbAGO5 in the infections of different viruses. It was found that the accumulation of NbAGO5 was induced not only at the RNA but also at the protein level following the infections of BaMV, potato virus X (PVX), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in N. benthamiana. To explore the antiviral mechanism and regulatory function of NbAGO5, we generated NbAGO5 overexpression (OE-NbAGO5) and knockout (nbago5) transgenic N. benthamiana lines. Our findings reveal that NbAGO5 provides defense against BaMV, PVX, TMV, and a mutant CMV deficient in 2b gene, but not against the wild-type CMV and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Through affinity purification and small RNA northern blotting, we demonstrated that NbAGO5 exerts its antiviral function by binding to viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). Moreover, we observed that CMV 2b and TuMV HC-Pro interact with NbAGO5, triggering its degradation via the 26S proteasome and autophagy pathways, thereby allowing these viruses to overcome NbAGO5-mediated defense. In addition, TuMV HC-Pro provides another line of counter-defense by interfering with vsiRNA binding by NbAGO5. Our study provides further insights into the antiviral RNA interference mechanism and the complex interplay between NbAGO5 and plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Tu
- PhD Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Song-Yi Kuo
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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2
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Han K, Zheng H, Yan D, Zhou H, Jia Z, Zhai Y, Wu J, Lu Y, Wu G, Rao S, Chen J, Peng J, Qi R, Yan F. Pepper mild mottle virus coat protein interacts with pepper chloroplast outer envelope membrane protein OMP24 to inhibit antiviral immunity in plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad046. [PMID: 37180740 PMCID: PMC10170409 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a devastating viral pathogen of pepper (Capsicum annuum) but it is unclear whether and how peppers protect against PMMoV infection. The expression of the chloroplast outer membrane protein 24 (OMP24) of C. annuum was upregulated under PMMoV infection and it interacted with PMMoV coat protein (CP). Silencing of OMP24 in either C. annuum or Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection, whereas overexpression of N. benthamiana OMP24 in transgenic plants inhibited PMMoV infection. Both C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24) and N. benthamiana OMP24 (NbOMP24) localized to the chloroplast and have a moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessary for their localization. Overexpression of CaOMP24 induced stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the typical defense responses of chloroplasts transferring the retrograde signaling to the nucleus to regulate resistance genes. The expression of PR1 and PR2 was also upregulated significantly in plants overexpressing OMP24. Self-interaction of OMP24 was demonstrated and was required for OMP24-mediated plant defense. Interaction with PMMoV CP interfered with the self-interaction of OMP24 and impaired OMP24-induced stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation. The results demonstrate the defense function of OMP24 in pepper during viral infection and suggest a possible mechanism by which PMMoV CP modulates the plant defense to facilitate viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Dankan Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Huijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhaoxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yushan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | | | - Rende Qi
- Corresponding author. E-mail: , ,
| | - Fei Yan
- Corresponding author. E-mail: , ,
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Sun Y, Wang X, Liu F, Guo H, Wang J, Wei Z, Kang Z, Tang C. A Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-like Kinase TaBIR1 Contributes to Wheat Resistance against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076438. [PMID: 37047410 PMCID: PMC10095076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell surface-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) recognize invading pathogens and transduce the immune signals inside host cells, subsequently triggering immune responses to fight off pathogen invasion. Nonetheless, our understanding of the role of RLKs in wheat resistance to the biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) remains limited. During the differentially expressed genes in Pst infected wheat leaves, a Leucine-repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) gene TaBIR1 was significantly upregulated in the incompatible wheat-Pst interaction. qRT-PCR verified that TaBIR1 is induced at the early infection stage of Pst. The transient expression of TaBIR1-GFP protein in N. bentamiana cells and wheat mesophyll protoplasts revealed its plasma membrane location. The knockdown of TaBIR1 expression by VIGS (virus induced gene silencing) declined wheat resistance to stripe rust, resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, callose deposition, and transcripts of pathogenesis-related genes TaPR1 and TaPR2, along with increased Pst infection area. Ectopic overexpression of TaBIR1 in N. benthamiana triggered constitutive immune responses with significant cell death, callose accumulation, and ROS production. Moreover, TaBIR1 triggered immunity is dependent on NbBAK1, the silencing of which significantly attenuated the defense response triggered by TaBIR1. TaBIR1 interacted with the NbBAK1 homologues in wheat, co-receptor TaSERK2 and TaSERK5, the transient expression of which could restore the impaired defense due to NbBAK1 silencing. Taken together, TaBIR1 is a cell surface RLK that contributes to wheat stripe rust resistance, probably as a positive regulator of plant immunity in a BAK1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Feiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Haoyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zetong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Transient Expression of Flavivirus Structural Proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101667. [PMID: 36298532 PMCID: PMC9610170 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a threat to public health and can cause major disease outbreaks. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by a flavivirus, and it is one of the most important causes of viral encephalitis in Europe and is on the rise in Sweden. As there is no antiviral treatment available, vaccination remains the best protective measure against TBE. Currently available TBE vaccines are based on formalin-inactivated virus produced in cell culture. These vaccines must be delivered by intramuscular injection, have a burdensome immunization schedule, and may exhibit vaccine failure in certain populations. This project aimed to develop an edible TBE vaccine to trigger a stronger immune response through oral delivery of viral antigens to mucosal surfaces. We demonstrated successful expression and post-translational processing of flavivirus structural proteins which then self-assembled to form virus-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana. We performed oral toxicity tests in mice using various plant species as potential bioreactors and evaluated the immunogenicity of the resulting edible vaccine candidate. Mice immunized with the edible vaccine candidate did not survive challenge with TBE virus. Interestingly, immunization of female mice with a commercial TBE vaccine can protect their offspring against TBE virus infection.
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Pierroz G. Genomics reveal a complicated past and suggest a possible future for Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:5-6. [PMID: 35789508 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Baldrich P, Bélanger S, Kong S, Pokhrel S, Tamim S, Teng C, Schiebout C, Gurazada SGR, Gupta P, Patel P, Razifard H, Nakano M, Dusia A, Meyers BC, Frank MH. The evolutionary history of small RNAs in Solanaceae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:644-665. [PMID: 35642548 PMCID: PMC9157080 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Solanaceae or "nightshade" family is an economically important group with remarkable diversity. To gain a better understanding of how the unique biology of the Solanaceae relates to the family's small RNA (sRNA) genomic landscape, we downloaded over 255 publicly available sRNA data sets that comprise over 2.6 billion reads of sequence data. We applied a suite of computational tools to predict and annotate two major sRNA classes: (1) microRNAs (miRNAs), typically 20- to 22-nucleotide (nt) RNAs generated from a hairpin precursor and functioning in gene silencing and (2) short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), including 24-nt heterochromatic siRNAs typically functioning to repress repetitive regions of the genome via RNA-directed DNA methylation, as well as secondary phased siRNAs and trans-acting siRNAs generated via miRNA-directed cleavage of a polymerase II-derived RNA precursor. Our analyses described thousands of sRNA loci, including poorly understood clusters of 22-nt siRNAs that accumulate during viral infection. The birth, death, expansion, and contraction of these sRNA loci are dynamic evolutionary processes that characterize the Solanaceae family. These analyses indicate that individuals within the same genus share similar sRNA landscapes, whereas comparisons between distinct genera within the Solanaceae reveal relatively few commonalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Baldrich
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | - Shuyao Kong
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Suresh Pokhrel
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Saleh Tamim
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Chong Teng
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | - Sai Guna Ranjan Gurazada
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
- Corteva Agriscience, Wilmington, Delaware 19805, USA
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- Institute for Data Science & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Parth Patel
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Hamid Razifard
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Mayumi Nakano
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Ayush Dusia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Margaret H Frank
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
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Song H, Ahn JY, Yan F, Ran Y, Koo O, Lee GJ. Genetic Dissection of CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Inheritance of Independently Targeted Alleles in Tobacco α-1,3-Fucosyltransferase 1 and β-1,2-Xylosyltransferase 1 Loci. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2450. [PMID: 35269602 PMCID: PMC8910323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the specificity of mutations induced by the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) alleles and subsequent genetic stability. For this, we prepared 248 mutant plants using an Agrobacterium-delivered CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting α-1,3-fucosyltransferase 1 (FucT1) and β-1,2-xylosyltransferase1 (XylT1) genes, for which the mutation rates were 22.5% and 25%, respectively, with 20.5% for both loci. Individuals with wild-type (WT) alleles at the NbFucT1 locus in T0 were further segregated into chimeric progeny (37-54%) in the next generation, whereas homozygous T0 mutants tended to produce more (~70%) homozygotes than other bi-allelic and chimeric progenies in the T1 generation. Approximately 81.8% and 77.4% of the homozygous and bi-allelic mutations in T0 generation, respectively, were stably inherited in the next generation, and approximately 50% of the Cas9-free mutants were segregated in T2 generation. One homozygous mutant (Ta 161-1) with a +1 bp insertion in NbFucT1 and a -4 bp deletion in NbXylT1 was found to produce T2 progenies with the same alleles, indicating no activity of the integrated Cas9 irrespective of the insertion or deletion type. Our results provide empirical evidence regarding the genetic inheritance of alleles at CRISPR-targeted loci in tobacco transformants and indicate the potential factors contributing to further mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Song
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Ju-Young Ahn
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.-Y.A.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fanzhuang Yan
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.-Y.A.); (F.Y.)
| | - Yidong Ran
- Genovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301700, China;
| | | | - Geung-Joo Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.-Y.A.); (F.Y.)
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Abstract
The NIa protease of potyviruses is a chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease related to the picornavirus 3C protease. It is also a multifunctional protein known to play multiple roles during virus infection. Picornavirus 3C proteases cleave hundreds of host proteins to facilitate virus infection. However, whether or not potyvirus NIa proteases cleave plant proteins has so far not been tested. Regular expression search using the cleavage site consensus sequence [EQN]xVxH[QE]/[SGTA] for the plum pox virus (PPV) protease identified 90 to 94 putative cleavage events in the proteomes of Prunus persica (a crop severely affected by PPV), Arabidopsis thaliana, and Nicotiana benthamiana (two experimental hosts). In vitro processing assays confirmed cleavage of six A. thaliana and five P. persica proteins by the PPV protease. These proteins were also cleaved in vitro by the protease of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which has a similar specificity. We confirmed in vivo cleavage of a transiently expressed tagged version of AtEML2, an EMSY-like protein belonging to a family of nuclear histone readers known to be involved in pathogen resistance. Cleavage of AtEML2 was efficient and was observed in plants that coexpressed the PPV or TuMV NIa proteases or in plants that were infected with TuMV. We also showed partial in vivo cleavage of AtDUF707, a membrane protein annotated as lysine ketoglutarate reductase trans-splicing protein. Although cleavage of the corresponding endogenous plant proteins remains to be confirmed, the results show that a plant virus protease can cleave host proteins during virus infection and highlight a new layer of plant-virus interactions. IMPORTANCE Viruses are highly adaptive and use multiple molecular mechanisms to highjack or modify the cellular resources to their advantage. They must also counteract or evade host defense responses. One well-characterized mechanism used by vertebrate viruses is the proteolytic cleavage of host proteins to inhibit the activities of these proteins and/or to produce cleaved protein fragments that are beneficial to the virus infection cycle. Even though almost half of the known plant viruses encode at least one protease, it was not known whether plant viruses employ this strategy. Using an in silico prediction approach and the well-characterized specificity of potyvirus NIa proteases, we were able to identify hundreds of putative cleavage sites in plant proteins, several of which were validated by downstream experiments. It can be anticipated that many other plant virus proteases also cleave host proteins and that the identification of these cleavage events will lead to novel antiviral strategies.
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Sahu AK, Sanan-Mishra N. Interaction between βC1 of satellite and coat protein of Chili leaf curl virus plays a crucial role in suppression of host RNA silencing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8329-8342. [PMID: 34651252 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The monopartite Chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) and its β-satellite (ChiLCB) have been found to co-exist in infected plants. The ability of βC1 protein to suppress RNA silencing was investigated using an in-house developed in-planta reversal of silencing assay, using Nicotiana tabacum lines harboring green fluorescent protein (GFP) silenced by short hairpin GFP (ShGFP). Transient expression of recombinant βC1 complemented and increased the suppressor activity of ChiLCV coat protein (CP), and this was confirmed by molecular analysis. In silico analysis followed by a yeast two-hybrid screen-identified ChiLCV-CP as the interacting partner of the ChiLCB-βC1 protein. Subcellular localization through confocal analysis revealed that when βC1 and ChiLCV-CP were co-present, the fluorescence was localized in the cytoplasm indicating that nuclear localization of both proteins was obstructed. The cytoplasmic compartmentalization of the two viral suppressors of RNA silencing may be responsible for the enhanced suppression of the host gene silencing. This study presents evidence on the interaction of ChiLCV-CP and βC1 proteins and indicates that ChiLCB may support the ChiLCV in overcoming host gene silencing to cause Chili leaf curl disease. KEY POINTS: • CP of ChiLCV and βC1 of ChiLCB contain RNA silencing suppression activity • The RNA silencing suppression activity of ChiLCB-βC1 complements that of ChiLCV-CP • There is a direct interaction between ChiLCB-βC1 and ChiLCV-CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Sahu
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Hussain A, Noman A, Arif M, Farooq S, Khan MI, Cheng P, Qari SH, Anwar M, Hashem M, Ashraf MF, Alamri S, Adnan M, Khalofah A, Al-Zoubi OM, Ansari MJ, Khan KA, Sun Y. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor CabHLH113 positively regulate pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104909. [PMID: 33964418 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pepper's (Capsicum annum) response to bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearm inoculation (RSI) and abiotic stresses is known to be synchronized by transcriptional network; however, related molecular mechanisms need extensive experimentation. We identified and characterized functions of CabHLH113 -a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor-in pepper immunity to R. solanacearum infection. The RSI and foliar spray of phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ETH), and absicic acid (ABA) induced transcription of CabHLH113 in pepper. Loss of function of CabHLH113 by virus-induced-gene-silencing (VIGS) compromised defense of pepper plants against RSI and suppressed relative expression levels of immunity-associated marker genes, i.e., CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaHIR1 and CaABR1. Pathogen growth was significantly increased after loss of function of CabHLH113 compared with un-silenced plants with remarkable increase in pepper susceptibility. Besides, transiently over-expression of CabHLH113 induced HR-like cell death, H2O2 accumulation and up-regulation of defense-associated marker genes, e.g. CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaHIR1 and CaABR1. Additionally, transient over-expression of CabHLH113 enhanced the transcriptional levels of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27 and CaWRKY40. Conversely, transient over-expression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27 and CaWRKY40 enhanced the transcriptional levels of CabHLH113. Collectively, our results indicate that newly characterized CabHLH113 has novel defense functions in pepper immunity against RSI via triggering HR-like cell death and cellular levels of defense linked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Hussain
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ifnan Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Biology Department, Aljumum University College, Umm Al - Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahlam Khalofah
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China.
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Hepatitis B core-based virus-like particles: A platform for vaccine development in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:e00605. [PMID: 33732633 PMCID: PMC7937989 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a class of structures formed by the self-assembly of viral capsid protein subunits and contain no infective viral genetic material. The Hepatitis B core (HBc) antigen is capable of assembling into VLPs that can elicit strong immune responses and has been licensed as a commercial vaccine against Hepatitis B. The HBc VLPs have also been employed as a platform for the presentation of foreign epitopes to the immune system and have been used to develop vaccines against, for example, influenza A and Foot-and-mouth disease. Plant expression systems are rapid, scalable and safe, and are capable of providing correct post-translational modifications and reducing upstream production costs. The production of HBc-based virus-like particles in plants would thus greatly increase the efficiency of vaccine production. This review investigates the application of plant-based HBc VLP as a platform for vaccine production.
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12
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Adeel M, Farooq T, White JC, Hao Y, He Z, Rui Y. Carbon-based nanomaterials suppress tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection and induce resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124167. [PMID: 33049632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although nanomaterials (NMs) may inhibit viral pathogens, the mechanisms governing plant-virus-nanomaterial interactions remain unknown. Nicotiana benthamiana plants were treated with nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag), C60 fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at 100, 200 and 500 mg L-1 for a 21-day foliar exposure before inoculation with GFP-tagged tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Plants treated with CNTs and C60 (200 mg L-1) exhibited normal phenotype and viral symptomology was not evident at 5 days post-infection. TiO2 and Ag failed to suppress viral infection. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that viral coat protein transcript abundance and GFP mRNA expression were reduced 74-81% upon CNTs and C60 treatment. TEM revealed that the chloroplast ultrastructure in carbon NM-treated plants was unaffected by TMV infection. Fluorescence measurement of CNTs and C60 (200 mg L-1) treated plants indicated photosynthesis equivalent to healthy controls. CNTs and C60 induced upregulation of the defense-related phytohormones abscisic acid and salicylic acid by 33-52%; the transcription of genes responsible for phytohormone biosynthesis was elevated by 94-104% in treated plants. Our findings demonstrate the protective role of carbon-based NMs, with suppression of TMV symptoms via hindered physical movement and viral replication. Given the lack of viral phytopathogen treatment options, this work represents a novel area of nano-enabled agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States.
| | - Yi Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zifu He
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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13
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Cai L, Zhang W, Jia H, Feng H, Wei X, Chen H, Wang D, Xue Y, Sun X. Plant-derived compounds: A potential source of drugs against Tobacco mosaic virus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104589. [PMID: 32828361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an important plant virus that led to significant losses in the crops worldwide. In this study, the antiviral activities of Ursolic Acid (UA) and 4-methoxycoumarin against TMV and their underlying mechanisms were initially investigated for the first time. The results demonstrated that the antiviral effects of UA and 4-methoxycoumarin were as effective as those of the commercial agent lentinan, in either the protective effect, inactivation effect or curative effect. In addition, both plant-derived compounds could induce the resistance responses of tobacco plants against TMV, showing increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and POD) and H2O2 accumulation in tobacco leaves after treatment with UA or 4-methoxycoumarin, along with highly expressed regulatory and defence genes in the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Meanwhile, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde experiments indicated that these effects did not result in phytotoxicity or damage to the leaf plasma membrane of tobacco plants. Collectively, the results demonstrate that UA and 4-methoxycoumarin have potential as eco-friendly and safe strategies to control TMV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cai
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huanyu Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuefeng Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Daibin Wang
- Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yang Xue
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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14
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Song Z, Fan N, Jiao G, Liu M, Wang X, Jia H. Overexpression of OsPT8 Increases Auxin Content and Enhances Tolerance to High-Temperature Stress in Nicotiana tabacum. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E809. [PMID: 31615148 PMCID: PMC6826746 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a primary factor affecting the rate of plant development; as the climate warms, extreme temperature events are likely to increasingly affect agriculture. Understanding how to improve crop tolerance to heat stress is a key concern. Wild plants have evolved numerous strategies to tolerate environmental conditions, notably the regulation of root architecture by phytohormones, but the molecular mechanisms of stress resistance are unclear. In this study, we showed that high temperatures could significantly reduce tobacco biomass and change its root architecture, probably through changes in auxin content and distribution. Overexpression of the OsPT8 phosphate transporter enhanced tobacco tolerance to high-temperature stress by changing the root architecture and increased the antioxidant ability. Molecular assays suggested that overexpression of OsPT8 in tobacco significantly increased the expression of auxin synthesis genes NtYUCCA 6, 8 and auxin efflux carriers genes NtPIN 1,2 under high-temperature stress. We also found that the expression levels of auxin response factors NtARF1 and NtARF2 were increased in OsPT8 transgenic tobacco under high-temperature stress, suggesting that OsPT8 regulates auxin signaling in response to high-temperature conditions. Our findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant stress signaling and showed that OsPT8 plays a key role in regulating plant tolerance to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Song
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.S.); (N.F.); (G.J.)
| | - Ningbo Fan
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.S.); (N.F.); (G.J.)
| | - Guizhen Jiao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.S.); (N.F.); (G.J.)
| | - Minghong Liu
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi 563000, China; (M.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi 563000, China; (M.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Hongfang Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.S.); (N.F.); (G.J.)
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15
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Huang YW, Hu CC, Tsai CH, Lin NS, Hsu YH. Nicotiana benthamiana Argonaute10 plays a pro-viral role in Bamboo mosaic virus infection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:804-817. [PMID: 31283838 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing is a major defense mechanism against invading viruses in plants. Argonaute proteins (AGOs) are the key players in RNA silencing. The number of AGO family members involved varies depending on the plant species and they play distinct or sometimes redundant roles in antiviral defense. By using a virus-induced gene silencing technique, it was found that Nicotiana benthamiana AGO1 restricted Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) accumulation, but NbAGO10, the closest paralog of NbAGO1, positively regulated BaMV accumulation. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed BaMV virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) in NbAGO10 complexes. Transient overexpression of NbAGO10 increased BaMV RNA accumulation, but with co-expression of NbAGO1, BaMV RNA accumulation was reduced, which suggests that NbAGO10 may have competed with NbAGO1 for sequestering BaMV vsiRNA and prevented the formation of RNA-induced silencing complexes. In addition, overexpression of NbAGO10 decreased BaMV vsiRNA accumulation. A host enzyme, small RNA degrading nuclease 1 (SDN1), also was found to interact with NbAGO10 on in vivo pull-down assay. Silencing of SDN1 elevated BaMV vsiRNA level and decreased BaMV RNA accumulation in N. benthamiana, indicating that NbAGO10 might recruit SDN1 for BaMV vsiRNA degradation. The results herein suggested that NbAGO10 plays a pro-viral role by BaMV vsiRNA sequestration and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chung Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ching Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Na Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yau Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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16
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Reuter G, Várallyay É, Baráth D, Földvári G, Szekeres S, Boros Á, Kapusinszky B, Delwart E, Pankovics P. Analysis of a novel RNA virus in a wild northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus). Arch Virol 2019; 164:3065-3071. [PMID: 31549303 PMCID: PMC6823297 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tombusviruses are generally considered plant viruses. A novel tombus-/carmotetravirus-like RNA virus was identified in a faecal sample and blood and muscle tissues from a wild northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus). The complete genome of the virus, called H14-hedgehog/2015/HUN (GenBank accession number MN044446), is 4,118 nucleotides in length with a readthrough stop codon of type/group 1 in ORF1 and lacks a poly(A) tract at the 3' end. The predicted ORF1-RT (RdRp) and the capsid proteins had low (31-33%) amino acid sequence identity to unclassified tombus-/noda-like viruses (Hubei tombus-like virus 12 and Beihai noda-like virus 10), respectively, discovered recently in invertebrate animals. An in vivo experimental plant inoculation study showed that an in vitro-transcribed H14-hedgehog/2015/HUN viral RNA did not replicate in Nicotiana benthamiana, Chenopodium quinoa, or Chenopodium murale, the most susceptible hosts for plant-origin tombusviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Reuter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Center, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Éva Várallyay
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Dániel Baráth
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Földvári
- Evolutionary Systems Research Group MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary.,Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szekeres
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Boros
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Center, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | | | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Péter Pankovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Center, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
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17
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Schiavinato M, Strasser R, Mach L, Dohm JC, Himmelbauer H. Genome and transcriptome characterization of the glycoengineered Nicotiana benthamiana line ΔXT/FT. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:594. [PMID: 31324144 PMCID: PMC6642603 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The allotetraploid tobacco species Nicotiana benthamiana native to Australia has become a popular host for recombinant protein production. Although its usage grows every year, little is known on this plant's genomic and transcriptomic features. Most N. benthamiana accessions currently used in research lack proper documentation of their breeding history and provenance. One of these, the glycoengineered N. benthamiana line ΔXT/FT is increasingly used for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins. RESULTS Based on an existing draft assembly of the N. benthamiana genome we predict 50,516 protein -encoding genes (62,216 transcripts) supported by expression data derived from 2.35 billion mRNA-seq reads. Using single-copy core genes we show high completeness of the predicted gene set. We functionally annotate more than two thirds of the gene set through sequence homology to genes from other Nicotiana species. We demonstrate that the expression profiles from leaf tissue of ΔXT/FT and its wild type progenitor only show minimal differences. We identify the transgene insertion sites in ΔXT/FT and show that one of the transgenes was inserted inside another predicted gene that most likely lost its function upon insertion. Based on publicly available mRNA-seq data, we confirm that the N. benthamiana accessions used by different research institutions most likely derive from a single source. CONCLUSIONS This work provides gene annotation of the N. benthamiana genome, a genomic and transcriptomic characterization of a transgenic N. benthamiana line in comparison to its wild-type progenitor, and sheds light onto the relatedness of N. benthamiana accessions that are used in laboratories around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Schiavinato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliane C. Dohm
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Himmelbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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18
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REM1.3's phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and activity in restricting PVX cell-to-cell movement. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007378. [PMID: 30419072 PMCID: PMC6258466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to pathogens through dynamic regulation of plasma membrane-bound signaling pathways. To date, how the plant plasma membrane is involved in responses to viruses is mostly unknown. Here, we show that plant cells sense the Potato virus X (PVX) COAT PROTEIN and TRIPLE GENE BLOCK 1 proteins and subsequently trigger the activation of a membrane-bound calcium-dependent kinase. We show that the Arabidopsis thaliana CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 3-interacts with group 1 REMORINs in vivo, phosphorylates the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the Group 1 REMORIN REM1.3, and restricts PVX cell-to-cell movement. REM1.3's phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and is crucial for REM1.3-dependent restriction of PVX cell-to-cell movement by regulation of callose deposition at plasmodesmata. This study unveils plasma membrane nanodomain-associated molecular events underlying the plant immune response to viruses. Viruses propagate in plants through membranous channels, called plasmodesmata, linking each cell to its neighboring cell. In this work, we challenge the role of the plasma membrane in the regulation of virus propagation. By studying the dynamics and the activation of a plant-specific protein called REMORIN, we found that the way this protein is organized inside the membrane is crucial to fulfill its function in the immunity of plants against viruses.
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19
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Stephan A, Hahn-Löbmann S, Rosche F, Buchholz M, Giritch A, Gleba Y. Simple Purification of Nicotiana benthamiana-Produced Recombinant Colicins: High-Yield Recovery of Purified Proteins with Minimum Alkaloid Content Supports the Suitability of the Host for Manufacturing Food Additives. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E95. [PMID: 29286298 PMCID: PMC5796045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Colicins are natural non-antibiotic bacterial proteins with a narrow spectrum but an extremely high antibacterial activity. These proteins are promising food additives for the control of major pathogenic Shiga toxin-producing E. coli serovars in meats and produce. In the USA, colicins produced in edible plants such as spinach and leafy beets have already been accepted by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as food-processing antibacterials through the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) regulatory review process. Nicotiana benthamiana, a wild relative of tobacco, N. tabacum, has become the preferred production host plant for manufacturing recombinant proteins-including biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, and biomaterials-but the purification procedures that have been employed thus far are highly complex and costly. We describe a simple and inexpensive purification method based on specific acidic extraction followed by one chromatography step. The method provides for a high recovery yield of purified colicins, as well as a drastic reduction of nicotine to levels that could enable the final products to be used on food. The described purification method allows production of the colicin products at a commercially viable cost of goods and might be broadly applicable to other cost-sensitive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Stephan
- Nomad Bioscience GmbH, Biozentrum Halle, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | | | - Fred Rosche
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department for Drug Design and Target Validation, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Mirko Buchholz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department for Drug Design and Target Validation, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Anatoli Giritch
- Nomad Bioscience GmbH, Biozentrum Halle, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Yuri Gleba
- Nomad Bioscience GmbH, Biozentrum Halle, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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20
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Camborde L, Jauneau A, Brière C, Deslandes L, Dumas B, Gaulin E. Detection of nucleic acid-protein interactions in plant leaves using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1933-1950. [PMID: 28837131 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA-binding proteins (DNA-BPs) and RNA-binding proteins (RNA-BPs) have critical roles in living cells in all kingdoms of life. Various experimental approaches exist for the study of nucleic acid-protein interactions in vitro and in vivo, but the detection of such interactions at the subcellular level remains challenging. Here we describe how to detect nucleic acid-protein interactions in plant leaves by using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach coupled to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Proteins of interest (POI) are tagged with a GFP and transiently expressed in plant cells to serve as donor fluorophore. After sample fixation and cell wall permeabilization, leaves are treated with Sytox Orange, a nucleic acid dye that can function as a FRET acceptor. Upon close association of the GFP-tagged POI with Sytox-Orange-stained nucleic acids, a substantial decrease of the GFP lifetime due to FRET between the donor and the acceptor can be monitored. Treatment with RNase before FRET-FLIM measurements allows determination of whether the POI associates with DNA and/or RNA. A step-by-step protocol is provided for sample preparation, data acquisition and analysis. We describe how to calibrate the equipment and include a tutorial explaining the use of the FLIM software. To illustrate our approach, we provide experimental procedures to detect the interaction between plant DNA and two proteins (the AeCRN13 effector from the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches and the AtWRKY22 defensive transcription factor from Arabidopsis). This protocol allows the detection of protein-nucleic acid interactions in plant cells and can be completed in <2 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Camborde
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-Université Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alain Jauneau
- CNRS, Plateforme Imagerie-Microscopie, Fédération de Recherche FR3450, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christian Brière
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-Université Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Deslandes
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS-Université Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-Université Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Elodie Gaulin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-Université Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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21
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Sanfaçon H. Grand Challenge in Plant Virology: Understanding the Impact of Plant Viruses in Model Plants, in Agricultural Crops, and in Complex Ecosystems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:860. [PMID: 28596756 PMCID: PMC5442230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Sanfaçon
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development CentreSummerland, BC, Canada
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22
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Riggs JW, Cavales PC, Chapiro SM, Callis J. Identification and biochemical characterization of the fructokinase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:83. [PMID: 28441933 PMCID: PMC5405513 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose is an abundant sugar in plants as it is a breakdown product of both major sucrose-cleaving enzymes. To enter metabolism, fructose is phosphorylated by a fructokinase (FRK). Known FRKs are members of a diverse family of carbohydrate/purine kinases known as the phosphofructokinase B (pfkB) family. The complete complement of active fructokinases has not been reported for any plant species. RESULTS Protein sequence analysis of the 22 Arabidopsis thaliana pfkB members identified eight highly related predicted proteins, including one with previously demonstrated FRK activity. For one, At1g50390, the predicted open reading frame is half the size of active FRKs, and only incompletely spliced RNAs were identified, which led to a premature stop codon, both indicating that this gene does not produce active FRK. The remaining seven proteins were expressed in E. coli and phosphorylated fructose specifically in vitro leading us to propose a unifying nomenclature (FRK1-7). Substrate inhibition was observed for fructose in all FRKs except FRK1. Fructose binding was on the same order of magnitude for FRK1-6, between 260 and 480 μM. FRK7 was an outlier with a fructose Km of 12 μM. ATP binding was similar for all FRKs and ranged between 52 and 280 μM. YFP-tagged AtFRKs were cytosolic, except plastidic FRK3. T-DNA alleles with non-detectable wild-type RNAs in five of the seven active FRK genes produced no overt phenotype. We extended our sequence comparisons to include putative FRKs encoded in other plant sequenced genomes. We observed that different subgroups expanded subsequent to speciation. CONCLUSIONS Arabidopsis thaliana as well as all other plant species analyzed contain multiple copies of genes encoding FRK activity. Sequence comparisons among multiple species identified a minimal set of three distinct FRKs present on all species investigated including a plastid-localized form. The selective expansion of specific isozymes results in differences in FRK gene number among species. AtFRKs exhibit substrate inhibition, typical of their mammalian counterparts with the single AtFRK1 lacking this property, suggesting it may have a distinct in vivo role. Results presented here provide a starting point for the engineering of specific FRKs to affect biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Riggs
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Philip C. Cavales
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Sonia M. Chapiro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Present Address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Present Address: Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Judy Callis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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