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Lhamo D, Sun Q, Friesen TL, Karmacharya A, Li X, Fiedler JD, Faris JD, Xia G, Luo M, Gu YQ, Liu Z, Xu SS. Association mapping of tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch resistance in cultivated emmer wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:193. [PMID: 39073628 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A total of 65 SNPs associated with resistance to tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch were identified in a panel of 180 cultivated emmer accessions through association mapping Tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) are foliar diseases caused by the respective fungal pathogens Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Parastagonospora nodorum that affect global wheat production. To find new sources of resistance, we evaluated a panel of 180 cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum) accessions for reactions to four P. tritici-repentis isolates Pti2, 86-124, 331-9 and DW5, two P. nodorum isolate, Sn4 and Sn2000, and four necrotrophic effectors (NEs) produced by the pathogens. About 8-36% of the accessions exhibited resistance to the four P. tritici-repentis isolates, with five accessions demonstrating resistance to all isolates. For SNB, 64% accessions showed resistance to Sn4, 43% to Sn2000 and 36% to both isolates, with Spain (11% accessions) as the most common origin of resistance. To understand the genetic basis of resistance, association mapping was performed using SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers generated by genotype-by-sequencing and the 9 K SNP Infinium array. A total of 46 SNPs were significantly associated with tan spot and 19 SNPs with SNB resistance or susceptibility. Six trait loci on chromosome arms 1BL, 3BL, 4AL (2), 6BL and 7AL conferred resistance to two or more isolates. Known NE sensitivity genes for disease development were undetected except Snn5 for Sn2000, suggesting novel genetic factors are controlling host-pathogen interaction in cultivated emmer. The emmer accessions with the highest levels of resistance to the six pathogen isolates (e.g., CItr 14133-1, PI 94634-1 and PI 377672) could serve as donors for tan spot and SNB resistance in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Lhamo
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Qun Sun
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Timothy L Friesen
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Anil Karmacharya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xuehui Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Jason D Fiedler
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Justin D Faris
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Guangmin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Mingcheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yong-Qiang Gu
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
| | - Steven S Xu
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
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Jones JDG, Staskawicz BJ, Dangl JL. The plant immune system: From discovery to deployment. Cell 2024; 187:2095-2116. [PMID: 38670067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant diseases cause famines, drive human migration, and present challenges to agricultural sustainability as pathogen ranges shift under climate change. Plant breeders discovered Mendelian genetic loci conferring disease resistance to specific pathogen isolates over 100 years ago. Subsequent breeding for disease resistance underpins modern agriculture and, along with the emergence and focus on model plants for genetics and genomics research, has provided rich resources for molecular biological exploration over the last 50 years. These studies led to the identification of extracellular and intracellular receptors that convert recognition of extracellular microbe-encoded molecular patterns or intracellular pathogen-delivered virulence effectors into defense activation. These receptor systems, and downstream responses, define plant immune systems that have evolved since the migration of plants to land ∼500 million years ago. Our current understanding of plant immune systems provides the platform for development of rational resistance enhancement to control the many diseases that continue to plague crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D G Jones
- Sainsbury Lab, University of East Anglia, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Brian J Staskawicz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Ferreira LC, Santana FM, Scagliusi SMM, Beckmann M, Mur LAJ. Induced responses to the wheat pathogen: Tan Spot-(Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) focus on changes in defence associated and sugar metabolism. Metabolomics 2024; 20:19. [PMID: 38296869 PMCID: PMC10830751 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tan Spot (TS) disease of wheat is caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), where most of the yield loss is linked to diseased flag leaves. As there are no fully resistant cultivars available, elucidating the responses of wheat to Ptr could inform the derivation of new resistant genotypes. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to characterise the flag-leaf metabolomes of two spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cv. PF 080719 [PF] and cv. Fundacep Horizonte [FH]) following challenge with Ptr to gain insights into TS disease development. METHODS PF and FH plants were inoculated with a Ptr strain that produces the necrotrophic toxin ToxA. The metabolic changes in flag leaves following challenge (24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-inoculation [hpi]) with Ptr were investigated using untargeted flow infusion ionisation-high resolution mass spectroscopy (FIE-HRMS). RESULTS Both cultivars were susceptible to Ptr at the flag-leaf stage. Comparisons of Ptr- and mock-inoculated plants indicated that a major metabolic shift occurred at 24 hpi in FH, and at 48 hpi in PF. Although most altered metabolites were genotype specific, they were linked to common pathways; phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism. Alterations in sugar metabolism as well as in glycolysis and glucogenesis pathways were also observed. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that Ptr-triggered alterations in chloroplast and photosynthetic machinery in both cultivars, especially in FH at 96 hpi. In a wheat-Ptr interactome in integrative network analysis, "flavone and flavonol biosynthesis" and "starch and sucrose metabolism" were targeted as the key metabolic processes underlying PF-FH-Ptr interactions. CONCLUSION These observations suggest the potential importance of flavone and flavonol biosynthesis as well as bioenergetic shifts in susceptibility to Ptr. This work highlights the value of metabolomic approaches to provide novel insights into wheat pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Carvalho Ferreira
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Manfred Beckmann
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
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