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Du K, Peng D, Wu J, Zhu Y, Jiang T, Wang P, Chen X, Jiang S, Li X, Cao Z, Fan Z, Zhou T. Maize splicing-mediated mRNA surveillance impeded by sugarcane mosaic virus-coded pathogenic protein NIa-Pro. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3010. [PMID: 39178251 PMCID: PMC11343020 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic mRNA surveillance pathway, a pivotal guardian of mRNA fidelity, stands at the nexus of diverse biological processes, including antiviral immunity. Despite the recognized function of splicing factors on mRNA fate, the intricate interplay shaping the mRNA surveillance pathway remains elusive. We illustrate that the conserved splicing factor U2 snRNP auxiliary factor large subunit B (U2AF65B) modulates splicing of mRNA surveillance complex, contributing to transcriptomic homeostasis in maize. The functionality of the mRNA surveillance pathway requires ZmU2AF65B-mediated normal splicing of upstream frameshift 3 (ZmUPF3) pre-mRNA, encoding a core factor in this pathway. Intriguingly, sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)-coded nuclear inclusion protein a protease (NIa-Pro) hinders the splicing function of ZmU2AF65B. Furthermore, NIa-Pro disrupts ZmU2AF65B binding to ZmUPF3 pre-mRNA, leading to dysregulated splicing of ZmUPF3 transcripts and, consequently, impairing mRNA surveillance, thus facilitating viral infection. Together, this study establishes that splicing governs the mRNA surveillance pathway and identifies a pathogenic protein capable of disrupting this regulation to compromise RNA immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dezhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiqiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yabing Zhu
- BGI Tech Solutions Co. Ltd. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sanjie Jiang
- BGI Tech Solutions Co. Ltd. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyan Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Lee S, Seo YE, Choi J, Yan X, Kim T, Choi D, Lee JH. Nucleolar actions in plant development and stress responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39169813 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The nucleolus is conventionally acknowledged for its role in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Recent research has revealed its multifaceted involvement in plant biology, encompassing regulation of the cell cycle, development, and responses to environmental stresses. This comprehensive review explores the diverse roles of the nucleolus in plant growth and responses to environmental stresses. The introduction delves into its traditional functions in rRNA synthesis and potential participation in nuclear liquid-liquid phase separation. By examining the multifaceted roles of nucleolar proteins in plant development, we highlight the impacts of various nucleolar mutants on growth, development, and embryogenesis. Additionally, we reviewed the involvement of nucleoli in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Under abiotic stress conditions, the nucleolar structure undergoes morphological changes. In the context of biotic stress, the nucleolus emerges as a common target for effectors of pathogens for manipulation of host immunity to enhance pathogenicity. The detailed exploration of how pathogens interact with nucleoli and manipulate host responses provides valuable insights into plant stress responses as well as plant growth and development. Understanding these processes may pave the way for promising strategies to enhance crop resilience and mitigate the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeui Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Seo
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeen Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xin Yan
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taewon Kim
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi J, Browning S, Schmitt-Keichinger C, Fuchs M. Mutations in the WG and GW motifs of the three RNA silencing suppressors of grapevine fanleaf virus alter their systemic suppression ability and affect virus infectivity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1451285. [PMID: 39188317 PMCID: PMC11345138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) encoded by grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), one of the most economically consequential viruses of grapevine (Vitis spp.), were recently identified. GFLV VSRs include the RNA1-encoded protein 1A and the putative helicase protein 1BHel, as well as their fused form (1ABHel). Key characteristics underlying the suppression function of the GFLV VSRs are unknown. In this study, we explored the role of the conserved tryptophan-glycine (WG) motif in protein 1A and glycine-tryptophan (GW) motif in protein 1BHel in their systemic RNA silencing suppression ability by co-infiltrating Nicotiana benthamiana 16c line plants with a GFP silencing construct and a wildtype or a mutant GFLV VSR. We analyzed and compared wildtype and mutant GFLV VSRs for their (i) efficiency at suppressing RNA silencing, (ii) ability to limit siRNA accumulation, (iii) modulation of the expression of six host genes involved in RNA silencing, (iv) impact on virus infectivity in planta, and (v) variations in predicted protein structures using molecular and biochemical assays, as well as bioinformatics tools such as AlphaFold2. Mutating W to alanine (A) in WG of proteins 1A and 1ABHel abolished their ability to induce systemic RNA silencing suppression, limit siRNA accumulation, and downregulate NbAGO2 expression by 1ABHel. This mutation in the GFLV genome resulted in a non-infectious virus. Mutating W to A in GW of proteins 1BHel and 1ABHel reduced their ability to suppress systemic RNA silencing and abolished the downregulation of NbDCL2, NbDCL4,, and NbRDR6 expression by 1BHel. This mutation in the GFLV genome delayed infection at the local level and inhibited systemic infection in planta. Double mutations of W to A in WG and GW of protein 1ABHel abolished its ability to induce RNA silencing suppression, limit siRNA accumulation, and downregulate NbDCL2 and NbRDR6 expression. Finally, in silico protein structure prediction indicated that a W to A substitution potentially modifies the structure and physicochemical properties of the three GFLV VSRs. Together, this study provided insights into the specific roles of WG/GW not only in GFLV VSR functions but also in GFLV biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeong Choi
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Scottie Browning
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Corinne Schmitt-Keichinger
- CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INRAE, SVQV UMR 1131, Université de Strasbourg, Colmar, France
| | - Marc Fuchs
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, United States
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Peng Q, Jiao B, Cheng Y, Yuan B, Zhou J, Cai J, Jiang N, Lin H, Xi D. NtG3BPL1 confers resistance to chilli veinal mottle virus through promoting the degradation of 6K2 in tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:720-734. [PMID: 38713838 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The RNA regulatory network is a complex and dynamic regulation in plant cells involved in mRNA modification, translation, and degradation. Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP) is a scaffold protein for the assembly of stress granules (SGs) and is considered an antiviral component in mammals. However, the function of G3BP during virus infection in plants is still largely unknown. In this study, four members of the G3BP-like proteins (NtG3BPLs) were identified in Nicotiana tabacum and the expression levels of NtG3BPL1 were upregulated during chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) infection. NtG3BPL1 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, forming cytoplasmic granules under transient high-temperature treatment, whereas the abundance of cytoplasmic granules was decreased under ChiVMV infection. Overexpression of NtG3BPL1 inhibited ChiVMV infection and delayed the onset of symptoms, whereas knockout of NtG3BPL1 promoted ChiVMV infection. In addition, NtG3BPL1 directly interacted with ChiVMV 6K2 protein, whereas 6K2 protein had no effect on NtG3BPL1-derived cytoplasmic granules. Further studies revealed that the expression of NtG3BPL1 reduced the chloroplast localization of 6K2-GFP and the NtG3BPL1-6K2 interaction complex was localized in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, NtG3BPL1 promoted the degradation of 6K2 through autophagy pathway, and the accumulation of 6K2 and ChiVMV was affected by autophagy activation or inhibition in plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NtG3BPL1 plays a positive role in tobacco resistance against ChiVMV infection, revealing a novel mechanism of plant G3BP in antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiding Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bolei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jingliu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Agronomic Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Scholthof HB, Scholthof KBG. Plant virology: an RNA treasure trove. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1277-1289. [PMID: 37495453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Key principles pertaining to RNA biology not infrequently have their origins in plant virology. Examples have arisen from studies on viral RNA-intrinsic properties and the infection process from gene expression, replication, movement, and defense evasion to biotechnological applications. Since RNA is at the core of the central dogma in molecular biology, how plant virology assisted in the reinforcement or adaptations of this concept, while at other instances shook up elements of the doctrine, is discussed. Moreover, despite the negative effects of viral diseases in agriculture worldwide, plant viruses can be considered a scientific treasure trove. Today they remain tools of discovery for biotechnology, studying evolution, cell biology, and host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman B Scholthof
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, USA.
| | - Karen-Beth G Scholthof
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, USA
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6
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Mäkinen K, Aspelin W, Pollari M, Wang L. How do they do it? The infection biology of potyviruses. Adv Virus Res 2023; 117:1-79. [PMID: 37832990 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Mäkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - William Aspelin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Pollari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Vermeulen A, Takken FLW, Sánchez-Camargo VA. Translation Arrest: A Key Player in Plant Antiviral Response. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1293. [PMID: 37372472 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants evolved several mechanisms to protect themselves against viruses. Besides recessive resistance, where compatible host factors required for viral proliferation are absent or incompatible, there are (at least) two types of inducible antiviral immunity: RNA silencing (RNAi) and immune responses mounted upon activation of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors. RNAi is associated with viral symptom recovery through translational repression and transcript degradation following recognition of viral double-stranded RNA produced during infection. NLR-mediated immunity is induced upon (in)direct recognition of a viral protein by an NLR receptor, triggering either a hypersensitive response (HR) or an extreme resistance response (ER). During ER, host cell death is not apparent, and it has been proposed that this resistance is mediated by a translational arrest (TA) of viral transcripts. Recent research indicates that translational repression plays a crucial role in plant antiviral resistance. This paper reviews current knowledge on viral translational repression during viral recovery and NLR-mediated immunity. Our findings are summarized in a model detailing the pathways and processes leading to translational arrest of plant viruses. This model can serve as a framework to formulate hypotheses on how TA halts viral replication, inspiring new leads for the development of antiviral resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Vermeulen
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L W Takken
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor A Sánchez-Camargo
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Matsumura EE, Kormelink R. Small Talk: On the Possible Role of Trans-Kingdom Small RNAs during Plant-Virus-Vector Tritrophic Communication. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1411. [PMID: 36987098 PMCID: PMC10059270 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are the hallmark and main effectors of RNA silencing and therefore are involved in major biological processes in plants, such as regulation of gene expression, antiviral defense, and plant genome integrity. The mechanisms of sRNA amplification as well as their mobile nature and rapid generation suggest sRNAs as potential key modulators of intercellular and interspecies communication in plant-pathogen-pest interactions. Plant endogenous sRNAs can act in cis to regulate plant innate immunity against pathogens, or in trans to silence pathogens' messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and impair virulence. Likewise, pathogen-derived sRNAs can act in cis to regulate expression of their own genes and increase virulence towards a plant host, or in trans to silence plant mRNAs and interfere with host defense. In plant viral diseases, virus infection alters the composition and abundance of sRNAs in plant cells, not only by triggering and interfering with the plant RNA silencing antiviral response, which accumulates virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs), but also by modulating plant endogenous sRNAs. Here, we review the current knowledge on the nature and activity of virus-responsive sRNAs during virus-plant interactions and discuss their role in trans-kingdom modulation of virus vectors for the benefit of virus dissemination.
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Bunyaviral N Proteins Localize at RNA Processing Bodies and Stress Granules: The Enigma of Cytoplasmic Sources of Capped RNA for Cap Snatching. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081679. [PMID: 36016301 PMCID: PMC9414089 DOI: 10.3390/v14081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cytoplasmic-replicating negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs) initiate genome transcription by cap snatching. The source of host mRNAs from which the cytoplasmic NSVs snatch capped-RNA leader sequences has remained elusive. Earlier reports have pointed towards cytoplasmic-RNA processing bodies (P body, PB), although several questions have remained unsolved. Here, the nucleocapsid (N) protein of plant- and animal-infecting members of the order Bunyavirales, in casu Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Rice stripe virus (RSV), Sin nombre virus (SNV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) have been expressed and localized in cells of their respective plant and animal hosts. All N proteins localized to PBs as well as stress granules (SGs), but extensively to docking stages of PB and SG. TSWV and RSV N proteins also co-localized with Ran GTPase-activating protein 2 (RanGAP2), a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling factor, in the perinuclear region, and partly in the nucleus when co-expressed with its WPP domain containing a nuclear-localization signal. Upon silencing of PB and SG components individually or concomitantly, replication levels of a TSWV minireplicon, as measured by the expression of a GFP reporter gene, ranged from a 30% reduction to a four-fold increase. Upon the silencing of RanGAP homologs in planta, replication of the TSWV minireplicon was reduced by 75%. During in vivo cap-donor competition experiments, TSWV used transcripts destined to PB and SG, but also functional transcripts engaged in translation. Altogether, the results implicate a more complex situation in which, besides PB, additional cytoplasmic sources are used during transcription/cap snatching of cytoplasmic-replicating and segmented NSVs.
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Chen R, Tu Z, He C, Nie X, Li K, Fei S, Song B, Nie B, Xie C. Susceptibility factor StEXA1 interacts with StnCBP to facilitate potato virus Y accumulation through the stress granule-dependent RNA regulatory pathway in potato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac159. [PMID: 36204208 PMCID: PMC9531334 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses recruit multiple host factors for translation, replication, and movement in the infection process. The loss-of-function mutation of the susceptibility genes will lead to the loss of susceptibility to viruses, which is referred to as 'recessive resistance'. Essential for potexvirus Accumulation 1 (EXA1) has been identified as a susceptibility gene required for potexvirus, lolavirus, and bacterial and oomycete pathogens. In this study, EXA1 knockdown in potato (StEXA1) was found to confer novel resistance to potato virus Y (PVY, potyvirus) in a strain-specific manner. It significantly compromised PVYO accumulation but not PVYN:O and PVYNTN. Further analysis revealed that StEXA1 is associated with the HC-Pro of PVY through a member of eIF4Es (StnCBP). HC-ProO and HC-ProN, two HC-Pro proteins from PVYO and PVYN, exhibited strong and weak interactions with StnCBP, respectively, due to their different spatial conformation. Moreover, the accumulation of PVYO was mainly dependent on the stress granules (SGs) induced by StEXA1 and StnCBP, whereas PVYN:O and PVYNTN could induce SGs by HC-ProN independently through an unknown mechanism. These results could explain why StEXA1 or StnCBP knockdown conferred resistance to PVYO but not to PVYN:O and PVYNTN. In summary, our results for the first time demonstrate that EXA1 can act as a susceptibility gene for PVY infection. Finally, a hypothetical model was proposed for understanding the mechanism by which StEXA1 interacts with StnCBP to facilitate PVY accumulation in potato through the SG-dependent RNA regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- ERC for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhen Tu
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changzheng He
- ERC for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xianzhou Nie
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 4Z7,
Canada
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sitian Fei
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Conghua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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11
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Pasin F, Daròs JA, Tzanetakis IE. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6534904. [PMID: 35195244 PMCID: PMC9249622 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potyviridae, the largest family of known RNA viruses (realm Riboviria), belongs to the picorna-like supergroup and has important agricultural and ecological impacts. Potyvirid genomes are translated into polyproteins, which are in turn hydrolyzed to release mature products. Recent sequencing efforts revealed an unprecedented number of potyvirids with a rich variability in gene content and genomic layouts. Here, we review the heterogeneity of non-core modules that expand the structural and functional diversity of the potyvirid proteomes. We provide a family-wide classification of P1 proteinases into the functional Types A and B, and discuss pretty interesting sweet potato potyviral ORF (PISPO), putative zinc fingers, and alkylation B (AlkB)—non-core modules found within P1 cistrons. The atypical inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase/HAM1), as well as the pseudo tobacco mosaic virus-like coat protein (TMV-like CP) are discussed alongside homologs of unrelated virus taxa. Family-wide abundance of the multitasking helper component proteinase (HC-pro) is revised. Functional connections between non-core modules are highlighted to support host niche adaptation and immune evasion as main drivers of the Potyviridae evolutionary radiation. Potential biotechnological and synthetic biology applications of potyvirid leader proteinases and non-core modules are finally explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pasin
- Corresponding author: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València (CSIC-UPV), UPV Building 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, 46011 Valencia, Spain. E-mail:
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València (CSIC-UPV), 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, 72701 Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Reuper H, Amari K, Krenz B. Analyzing the G3BP-like gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana in early turnip mosaic virus infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2187. [PMID: 33500425 PMCID: PMC7838295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes several genes that are known or predicted to participate in the formation of stress granules (SG). One family of genes encodes for Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP)-like proteins. Seven genes were identified, of which one of the members was already shown to interact with plant virus proteins in a previous study. A phylogenetic and tissue-specific expression analysis, including laser-dissected phloem, by qRT-PCRs was performed and the sub-cellular localization of individual AtG3BP::EYFP fluorescent fusion proteins expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells was observed. Individual AtG3BP-protein interactions in planta were studied using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation approach in combination with confocal imaging in living cells. In addition, the early and late induction of G3BP-like expression upon Turnip mosaic virus infection was investigated by RNAseq and qRT-PCR. The results showed a high divergence of transcription frequency in the different plant tissues, promiscuous protein-protein interaction within the G3BP-like gene family, and a general induction by a viral infection with TuMV in A. thaliana. The information gained from these studies leads to a better understanding of stress granules, in particular their molecular mode of action in the plant and their role in plant virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Reuper
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Khalid Amari
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Björn Krenz
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Pasin F, Shan H, García B, Müller M, San León D, Ludman M, Fresno DH, Fátyol K, Munné-Bosch S, Rodrigo G, García JA. Abscisic Acid Connects Phytohormone Signaling with RNA Metabolic Pathways and Promotes an Antiviral Response that Is Evaded by a Self-Controlled RNA Virus. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100099. [PMID: 32984814 PMCID: PMC7518510 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A complex network of cellular receptors, RNA targeting pathways, and small-molecule signaling provides robust plant immunity and tolerance to viruses. To maximize their fitness, viruses must evolve control mechanisms to balance host immune evasion and plant-damaging effects. The genus Potyvirus comprises plant viruses characterized by RNA genomes that encode large polyproteins led by the P1 protease. A P1 autoinhibitory domain controls polyprotein processing, the release of a downstream functional RNA-silencing suppressor, and viral replication. Here, we show that P1Pro, a plum pox virus clone that lacks the P1 autoinhibitory domain, triggers complex reprogramming of the host transcriptome and high levels of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. A meta-analysis highlighted ABA connections with host pathways known to control RNA stability, turnover, maturation, and translation. Transcriptomic changes triggered by P1Pro infection or ABA showed similarities in host RNA abundance and diversity. Genetic and hormone treatment assays showed that ABA promotes plant resistance to potyviral infection. Finally, quantitative mathematical modeling of viral replication in the presence of defense pathways supported self-control of polyprotein processing kinetics as a viral mechanism that attenuates the magnitude of the host antiviral response. Overall, our findings indicate that ABA is an active player in plant antiviral immunity, which is nonetheless evaded by a self-controlled RNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pasin
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hongying Shan
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz García
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David San León
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Márta Ludman
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - David H. Fresno
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Károly Fátyol
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodrigo
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), CSIC-University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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Sanfaçon H. Modulation of disease severity by plant positive-strand RNA viruses: The complex interplay of multifunctional viral proteins, subviral RNAs and virus-associated RNAs with plant signaling pathways and defense responses. Adv Virus Res 2020; 107:87-131. [PMID: 32711736 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses induce a range of symptoms of varying intensity, ranging from severe systemic necrosis to mild or asymptomatic infection. Several evolutionary constraints drive virus virulence, including the dependence of viruses on host factors to complete their infection cycle, the requirement to counteract or evade plant antiviral defense responses and the mode of virus transmission. Viruses have developed an array of strategies to modulate disease severity. Accumulating evidence has highlighted not only the multifunctional role that viral proteins play in disrupting or highjacking plant factors, hormone signaling pathways and intracellular organelles, but also the interaction networks between viral proteins, subviral RNAs and/or other viral-associated RNAs that regulate disease severity. This review focusses on positive-strand RNA viruses, which constitute the majority of characterized plant viruses. Using well-characterized viruses with different genome types as examples, recent advances are discussed as well as knowledge gaps and opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada.
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Maio F, Helderman TA, Arroyo-Mateos M, van der Wolf M, Boeren S, Prins M, van den Burg HA. Identification of Tomato Proteins That Interact With Replication Initiator Protein (Rep) of the Geminivirus TYLCV. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1069. [PMID: 32760417 PMCID: PMC7373745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are plant-infecting DNA viruses that reshape the intracellular environment of their host in order to create favorable conditions for viral replication and propagation. Viral manipulation is largely mediated via interactions between viral and host proteins. Identification of this protein network helps us to understand how these viruses manipulate their host and therefore provides us potentially with novel leads for resistance against this class of pathogens, as genetic variation in the corresponding plant genes could subvert viral manipulation. Different studies have already yielded a list of host proteins that interact with one of the geminiviral proteins. Here, we use affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to further expand this list of interacting proteins, focusing on an important host (tomato) and the Replication initiator protein (Rep, AL1, C1) from Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Rep is the only geminiviral protein proven to be essential for geminiviral replication and it forms an integral part of viral replisomes, a protein complex that consists of plant and viral proteins that allows for viral DNA replication. Using AP-MS, fifty-four 'high confidence' tomato proteins were identified that specifically co-purified with Rep. For two of them, an unknown EWS-like RNA-binding protein (called Geminivirus Rep interacting EWS-like protein 1 or GRIEP1) and an isoform of the THO complex subunit 4A (ALY1), we were able to confirm this interaction with Rep in planta using a second method, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The THO subunit 4 is part of the THO/TREX (TRanscription-EXport) complex, which controls RNA splicing and nuclear export of mRNA to the cytoplasm and is also connected to plant disease resistance. This work represents the first step towards characterization of novel host factors with a putative role in the life cycle of TYLCV and possibly other geminiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maio
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tieme A. Helderman
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Arroyo-Mateos
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miguel van der Wolf
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Prins
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Keygene N.V., Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Harrold A. van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Ding Y, Lozano-Durán R. The Cajal Body in Plant-Virus Interactions. Viruses 2020; 12:E250. [PMID: 32102236 PMCID: PMC7077289 DOI: 10.3390/v12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cajal bodies (CBs) are nuclear membraneless bodies composed of proteins and RNA. Although it is known that CBs play a role in RNA metabolism and the formation of functional ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles, the whole breadth of CB functions is far from being fully elucidated. In this short review, we will summarize and discuss the growing body of evidence pointing to an involvement of this subnuclear compartment in plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China;
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Durán
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China;
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
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