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Wang D, Jin Y, Guan C, Yang Q, He G, Xu N, Han X. Evolutionary divergence of CXE gene family in green plants unveils that PtoCXEs overexpression reduces fungal colonization in transgenic Populus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae071. [PMID: 38905297 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Plant enzymes significantly contribute to the rapidly diversified metabolic repertoire since the colonization of land by plants. Carboxylesterase is just one of the ubiquitous, multifunctional and ancient enzymes that has particularly diversified during plant evolution. This study provided a status on the carboxylesterase landscape within Viridiplantae. A total of 784 carboxylesterases were identified from the genome of 31 plant species representing nine major lineages of sequenced Viridiplantae and divided into five clades based on phylogenetic analysis. Clade I carboxylesterase genes may be of bacterial origin and then expanded and diversified during plant evolution. Clade II was first gained in the ancestor of bryophytes after colonization of land by plants, Clade III and Clade IV in ferns which were considered the most advanced seedless vascular plants, while Clade V was gained in seed plants. To date, the functions of carboxylesterase genes in woody plants remain unclear. In this study, 51 carboxylesterase genes were identified from the genome of Populus trichocarpa and further divided into eight classes. Tandem and segmental duplication events both contributed to the expansion of carboxylesterase genes in Populus. Although carboxylesterase genes were proven to enhance resistance to pathogens in many herbaceous species, relevant researches on forest trees are still needed. In this study, pathogen incubation assays showed that overexpressing of six Class VI carboxylesterases in Populus tomentosa, to a greater or lesser degree, reduced colonization of detached leaves by fungus Cytospora chrysosperma. A significant difference was also found in functional divergence patterns for genes derived from different gene duplication events. Functional differentiation of duplicated carboxylesterase genes in Populus was proved for the first time by in vivo physiological analysis. The identification of the potentially anti-fungal PtoCXE06 gene also laid a theoretical foundation for promoting the genetic improvement of disease-resistance traits in forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dong Xiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghuadonglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chaonan Guan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghuadonglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu street, Lin'an district, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Nan Xu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghuadonglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuemin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dong Xiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
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García-Gaona M, Romero HM. Infection of Phytophthora palmivora Isolates on Arabidopsis thaliana. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:446. [PMID: 39057331 PMCID: PMC11277810 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora palmivora, a hemibiotrophic oomycete, causes diseases in several economically important tropical crops, such as oil palm, which it is responsible for a devastating disease called bud rot (BR). Despite recent progress in understanding host resistance and virulence mechanisms, many aspects remain unknown in P. palmivora isolates from oil palm. Model pathosystems are useful for understanding the molecular interactions between pathogens and hosts. In this study, we utilized detached leaves and whole seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 to describe and evaluate the infection process of three P. palmivora isolates (CPPhZC-05, CPPhZC-04, CPPhZOC-01) that cause BR in oil palm. Two compatible isolates (CPPhZC-05 and CPPhZOC-01) induced aqueous lesions at 72 h post-inoculation (hpi), with microscopic visualization revealing zoospore encysting and appressorium penetration at 3 hpi, followed by sporangia generation at 72 hpi. In contrast, an incompatible isolate (CPPhZC-04) exhibited cysts that could not penetrate tissue, resulting in low leaf colonization. Gene expression of ten P. palmivora infection-related genes was quantified by RT-qPCR, revealing overexpression in compatible isolates, but not in the incompatible isolate. Additionally, key genes associated with salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) in Arabidopsis exhibited regulation during interaction with the three isolates. These findings demonstrate that P. palmivora can infect Arabidopsis Col-0, and variability is observed in the interaction between Arabidopsis-Col-0 and P. palmivora isolates. Establishing this pathosystem is expected to enhance our understanding of P. palmivora's pathology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariandrea García-Gaona
- Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center, Cenipalma, Calle 98 No. 70-91, Piso 14, Bogota 111121, Colombia;
| | - Hernán Mauricio Romero
- Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center, Cenipalma, Calle 98 No. 70-91, Piso 14, Bogota 111121, Colombia;
- Department of Biology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia
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Xu X, Xiong F, Sun K, Xiao Q, Tan Y, Cheng X, Li X, Jin D, Fan Y. An Oxidoreductase-like Protein is Required for Verticillium dahliae Infection and Participates in the Metabolism of Host Plant Defensive Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4669-4678. [PMID: 38383289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae, a notorious phytopathogenic fungus, is responsible for vascular wilt diseases in numerous crops. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenicity is crucial for controlling V. dahliae. Herein, we characterized a putative oxidoreductase-like protein (VdOrlp) from V. dahliae that contains a functional signal peptide. While the expression of VdOrlp was low in artificial media, it significantly increased during host infection. Deletion of VdOrlp had minimal effects on the growth and development of V. dahliae but severely impaired its pathogenicity. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant changes in organic heterocyclic compounds and phenylpropane compounds in cotton plants infected with ΔVdOrlp and V991. Furthermore, VdOrlp expression was induced by lignin, and its deletion affected the metabolism of host lignin and phenolic acids. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that VdOrlp plays an important role in the metabolism of plant phenylpropyl lignin and organic heterocyclic compounds and is required for fungal pathogenicity in V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangjie Xiong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kang Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yingqing Tan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianbi Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan Jin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanhua Fan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Chen D, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Li B, Chen T, Tian S. Transcriptional landscape of pathogen-responsive lncRNAs in tomato unveils the role of hydrolase encoding genes in response to Botrytis cinerea invasion. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:651-663. [PMID: 37899711 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs have gained increasing attention owing to their important regulatory roles on growth and stress responses of plants. However, the mechanisms underlying the functions of lncRNAs in fruit-pathogen interaction are still largely unknown. In this study, a total of 273 lncRNAs responding to Botrytis cinerea infection were identified in tomato fruit, among which a higher percentage of antisense lncRNAs were targeted to the genes enriched in hydrolase activity. To ascertain the roles of these lncRNAs, seven hydrolase-related transcripts were transiently knocked-down by virus-induced gene silencing. Silencing of lncRNACXE20 reduced the expression level of a carboxylesterase gene, further enhancing the resistance of tomato to B. cinerea. In contrast, silencing of lncRNACHI, lncRNAMMP, lncRNASBT1.9 and lncRNAPME1.9 impaired the resistance to B. cinerea, respectively. Further RT-qPCR assay and enzymatic activity detection displayed that the attenuated resistance of lncRNAMMP and lncRNASBT1.9-silenced plants was associated with the inhibition on the expression of JA-related genes, while the decreased resistance of lncRNACHI-silenced plants resulted in reduced chitinase activity. Collectively, these results may provide references for deciphering the mechanisms underlying specific lncRNAs to interfere with B. cinerea infection by regulating the expression of defence-related genes or affecting hydrolase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Baba VY, Powell AF, Ivamoto-Suzuki ST, Pereira LFP, Vanzela ALL, Giacomin RM, Strickler SR, Mueller LA, Rodrigues R, Gonçalves LSA. Capsidiol-related genes are highly expressed in response to Colletotrichum scovillei during Capsicum annuum fruit development stages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12048. [PMID: 32694584 PMCID: PMC7374708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum annuum is one of the most important horticultural crops worldwide. Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum spp.) is a major constraint for chili production, causing substantial losses. Capsidiol is a sesquiterpene phytoalexin present in pepper fruits that can enhance plant resistance. The genetic mechanisms involved in capisidiol biosynthesis are still poorly understood. In this study, a 3′ RNA sequencing approach was used to develop the transcriptional profile dataset of C. annuum genes in unripe (UF) and ripe fruits (RF) in response to C. scovillei infection. Results showed 4,845 upregulated and 4,720 downregulated genes in UF, and 2,560 upregulated and 1,762 downregulated genes in RF under fungus inoculation. Four capsidiol-related genes were selected for RT-qPCR analysis, two 5-epi-aristolochene synthase (CA12g05030, CA02g09520) and two 5-epi-aristolochene-1,3-dihydroxylase genes (CA12g05070, CA01g05990). CA12g05030 and CA01g05990 genes showed an early response to fungus infection in RF (24 h post-inoculation—HPI), being 68-fold and 53-fold more expressed at 96 HPI, respectively. In UF, all genes showed a late response, especially CA12g05030, which was 700-fold more expressed at 96 HPI compared to control plants. We are proving here the first high-throughput expression dataset of pepper fruits in response to anthracnose disease in order to contribute for future pepper breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Y Baba
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Biotecnologia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana T Ivamoto-Suzuki
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Biotecnologia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | | | - André L L Vanzela
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Diversidade Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Renata M Giacomin
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Biotecnologia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosana Rodrigues
- Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Leandro S A Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Biotecnologia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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Shukla P, Gautam R, Singh NK, Ahmed I, Kirti PB. A proteomic study of cysteine protease induced cell death in anthers of male sterile tobacco transgenic plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1073-1082. [PMID: 31402825 PMCID: PMC6656835 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Manifestation of male sterility in plants is an important requirement for hybrid seed production. Tapetum cell layer of anther is a primary target for genetic manipulation for male sterility. In our previous report, the targeted expression of Arachis cysteine protease in tapetum led to premature degeneration of tapetal layer that resulted in complete male sterility in transgenic tobacco plants. To correlate cysteine protease mediated cell death of tapetum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and proteomic pattern of anthers of cysteine protease induced male sterile plant were compared with the untransformed control plant. TEM study revealed the abnormal growth of tapetal cells exhibiting excessive vacuolization that synchronized with irregular exine wall formation of the microspores. In anther proteome, a total 250 protein spots were detected that were reproducible and exhibited similar distribution pattern. Further, anther proteome of male sterile plant showed the significant upregulation (≥ 1.5) of 56 protein spots. Using Mass spectroscopy (MALDI TOF/TOF), we have identified 14 protein spots that were involved in several processes such as energy metabolism, protein synthesis, plastid protein, lipid metabolism, and cell wall assembly. Upregulation of patatin-like protein-2 homolog, carboxylesterase 17 and dicer like protein-4 in male sterile anthers that have been demonstrated to induce cell death, suggesting that cysteine protease mediated premature tapetal cell death might involve the lipid peroxidation pathway in coordination with gene silencing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Shukla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
- Present Address: Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute (CSR&TI), Central Silk Board, NH-1A, Gallandar, Pampore, J&K 192 121 India
| | - Ranjana Gautam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
- Present Address: Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Israr Ahmed
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Pulugurtha Bharadwaja Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
- Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar India
- Agri Biotech Foundation, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, India
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