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Tian A, Miyashita S, Ando S, Takahashi H. Single Amino Acid Substitutions in the Cucumber Mosaic Virus 1a Protein Induce Necrotic Cell Death in Virus-Inoculated Leaves without Affecting Virus Multiplication. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010091. [PMID: 31941092 PMCID: PMC7019621 DOI: 10.3390/v12010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 was inoculated with a series of reassortant viruses created by exchanging viral genomic RNAs between two strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), CMV(Y), and CMV(H), cell death developed in the leaves inoculated with reassortant CMV carrying CMV(H) RNA1 encoding 1a protein, but not in noninoculated upper leaves. In general, cell death in virus-infected plants is a critical event for virus survival because virus multiplication is completely dependent on host cell metabolism. However, interestingly, this observed cell death did not affect either virus multiplication in the inoculated leaves or systemic spread to noninoculated upper leaves. Furthermore, the global gene expression pattern of the reassortant CMV-inoculated leaves undergoing cell death was clearly different from that in hypersensitive response (HR) cell death, which is coupled with resistance to CMV. These results indicated that the observed cell death does not appear to be HR cell death but rather necrotic cell death unrelated to CMV resistance. Interestingly, induction of this necrotic cell death depended on single amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal region surrounding the methyltransferase domain of the 1a protein. Thus, development of necrotic cell death might not be induced by non-specific damage as a result of virus multiplication, but by a virus protein-associated mechanism. The finding of CMV 1a protein-mediated induction of necrotic cell death in A. thaliana, which is not associated with virus resistance and HR cell death, has the potential to provide a new pathosystem to study the role of cell death in virus–host plant interactions.
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Hashimoto M, Neriya Y, Yamaji Y, Namba S. Recessive Resistance to Plant Viruses: Potential Resistance Genes Beyond Translation Initiation Factors. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1695. [PMID: 27833593 PMCID: PMC5080351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of plant viruses to propagate their genomes in host cells depends on many host factors. In the absence of an agrochemical that specifically targets plant viral infection cycles, one of the most effective methods for controlling viral diseases in plants is taking advantage of the host plant’s resistance machinery. Recessive resistance is conferred by a recessive gene mutation that encodes a host factor critical for viral infection. It is a branch of the resistance machinery and, as an inherited characteristic, is very durable. Moreover, recessive resistance may be acquired by a deficiency in a negative regulator of plant defense responses, possibly due to the autoactivation of defense signaling. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4E and eIF4G and their isoforms are the most widely exploited recessive resistance genes in several crop species, and they are effective against a subset of viral species. However, the establishment of efficient, recessive resistance-type antiviral control strategies against a wider range of plant viral diseases requires genetic resources other than eIF4Es. In this review, we focus on recent advances related to antiviral recessive resistance genes evaluated in model plants and several crop species. We also address the roles of next-generation sequencing and genome editing technologies in improving plant genetic resources for recessive resistance-based antiviral breeding in various crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetou Namba
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
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Ouibrahim L, Mazier M, Estevan J, Pagny G, Decroocq V, Desbiez C, Moretti A, Gallois JL, Caranta C. Cloning of the Arabidopsis rwm1 gene for resistance to Watermelon mosaic virus points to a new function for natural virus resistance genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:705-16. [PMID: 24930633 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana represents a valuable and efficient model to understand mechanisms underlying plant susceptibility to viral diseases. Here, we describe the identification and molecular cloning of a new gene responsible for recessive resistance to several isolates of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, genus Potyvirus) in the Arabidopsis Cvi-0 accession. rwm1 acts at an early stage of infection by impairing viral accumulation in initially infected leaf tissues. Map-based cloning delimited rwm1 on chromosome 1 in a 114-kb region containing 30 annotated genes. Positional and functional candidate gene analysis suggested that rwm1 encodes cPGK2 (At1g56190), an evolutionary conserved nucleus-encoded chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase with a key role in cell metabolism. Comparative sequence analysis indicates that a single amino acid substitution (S78G) in the N-terminal domain of cPGK2 is involved in rwm1-mediated resistance. This mutation may have functional consequences because it targets a highly conserved residue, affects a putative phosphorylation site and occurs within a predicted nuclear localization signal. Transgenic complementation in Arabidopsis together with virus-induced gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana confirmed that cPGK2 corresponds to rwm1 and that the protein is required for efficient WMV infection. This work uncovers new insight into natural plant resistance mechanisms that may provide interesting opportunities for the genetic control of plant virus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Ouibrahim
- Genetics and Breeding of Fruits and Vegetables, INRA-UR1052, Dom. St Maurice, CS 60094, F-84143, Montfavet Cedex, France
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Ouibrahim L, Caranta C. Exploitation of natural genetic diversity to study plant-virus interactions: what can we learn from Arabidopsis thaliana? MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:844-54. [PMID: 23790151 PMCID: PMC6638744 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development and use of cultivars that are genetically resistant to viruses is an efficient strategy to tackle the problems of virus diseases. Over the past two decades, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been documented as a host for a broad range of viral species, providing access to a large panel of resources and tools for the study of viral infection processes and resistance mechanisms. Exploration of its natural genetic diversity has revealed a wide range of genes conferring virus resistance. The molecular characterization of some of these genes has unveiled resistance mechanisms distinct from those described in crops. In these respects, Arabidopsis represents a rich and largely untapped source of new genes and mechanisms involved in virus resistance. Here, we review the current status of our knowledge concerning natural virus resistance in Arabidopsis. We also address the impact of environmental conditions on Arabidopsis-virus interactions and resistance mechanisms, and discuss the potential of applying the knowledge gained from the study of Arabidopsis natural diversity for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Ouibrahim
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, UMR 7265, CEA/CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Marseille, France
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Xu P, Wang H, Coker F, Ma JY, Tang Y, Taylor M, Roossinck MJ. Genetic loci controlling lethal cell death in tomato caused by viral satellite RNA infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:1034-1044. [PMID: 22746824 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-12-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) associated with D satellite RNA (satRNA) causes lethal systemic necrosis (LSN) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which involves programmed cell death. No resistance to this disease has been found in tomato. We obtained a line of wild tomato, S. habrochaitis, with a homogeneous non-lethal response (NLR) to the infection. This line of S. habrochaitis was crossed with tomato to generate F1 plants that survived the infection with NLR, indicating that NLR is a dominant trait. The NLR trait was successfully passed on to the next generation. The phenotype and genotype segregation was analyzed in the first backcross population. The analyses indicate that the NLR trait is determined by quantitative trait loci (QTL). Major QTL associated with the NLR trait were mapped to chromosomes 5 and 12. Results from Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that the F1 and S. habrochaitis plants accumulated minus-strand satRNA more slowly than tomato, and fewer vascular cells were infected. In addition, D satRNA-induced LSN in tomato is correlated with higher accumulation of the minus-strand satRNA compared with the accumulation of the minus strand of a non-necrogenic mutant D satRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- The Samuel Robert Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, USA
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Abstract
One branch of plant innate immunity is mediated through what is traditionally known as race-specific or gene-for-gene resistance wherein the outcome of an attempted infection is determined by the genotypes of both the host and the pathogen. Dominant plant disease resistance (R) genes confer resistance to a variety of biotrophic pathogens, including viruses, encoding corresponding dominant avirulence (Avr) genes. R genes are among the most highly variable plant genes known, both within and between populations. Plant genomes encode hundreds of R genes that code for NB-LRR proteins, so named because they posses nucleotide-binding (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. Many matching pairs of NB-LRR and Avr proteins have been identified as well as cellular proteins that mediate R/Avr interactions, and the molecular analysis of these interactions have led to the formulation of models of how products of R genes recognize pathogens. Data from multiple NB-LRR systems indicate that the LRR domains of NB-LRR proteins determine recognition specificity. However, recent evidence suggests that NB-LRR proteins have co-opted cellular recognition co-factors that mediate interactions between Avr proteins and the N-terminal domains of NB-LRR proteins.
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Narabayashi T, Iwahashi F, Kaido M, Okuno T, Mise K. Melandrium yellow fleck bromovirus infects Arabidopsis thaliana and has genomic RNA sequence characteristics that are unique among bromoviruses. Arch Virol 2009; 154:1381-9. [PMID: 19597694 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Melandrium yellow fleck bromovirus (MYFV) systemically infected Arabidopsis thaliana, although the susceptibility of several A. thaliana accessions to MYFV differed from their susceptibility to the other two bromoviruses infecting A. thaliana. We constructed full-length cDNA clones of MYFV genomic RNAs 1, 2, and 3 and determined their complete nucleotide sequences. Similar to Broad bean mottle bromovirus, (1) the 5'-terminal nucleotide of the MYFV genomic RNAs was adenine, and (2) the "D-arm" was absent from the tRNA-like structure in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of MYFV RNAs. As unique characteristics, MYFV RNA3 lacked the poly(A) tract in the intercistronic region and contained a directly repeated sequence of about 200 nucleotides and polypyrimidine tracts of heterogeneous lengths in the 5' UTR. Co-infection experiments using RNA3 clones with or without the duplicated sequence demonstrated that the duplication contributed to the competitive fitness of the virus in Nicotiana benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Narabayashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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8
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Genetic analysis of a host determination mechanism of bromoviruses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Virus Res 2009; 140:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Atsumi G, Kagaya U, Kitazawa H, Nakahara KS, Uyeda I. Activation of the salicylic acid signaling pathway enhances Clover yellow vein virus virulence in susceptible pea cultivars. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2009; 22:166-75. [PMID: 19132869 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-22-2-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The wild-type strain (Cl-WT) of Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) systemically induces cell death in pea cv. Plant introduction (PI) 118501 but not in PI 226564. A single incompletely dominant gene, Cyn1, controls systemic cell death in PI 118501. Here, we show that activation of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway enhances ClYVV virulence in susceptible pea cultivars. The kinetics of virus accumulation was not significantly different between PI 118501 (Cyn1) and PI 226564 (cyn1); however, the SA-responsive chitinase gene (SA-CHI) and the hypersensitive response (HR)-related gene homologous to tobacco HSR203J were induced only in PI 118501 (Cyn1). Two mutant viruses with mutations in P1/HCPro, which is an RNA-silencing suppressor, reduced the ability to induce cell death and SA-CHI expression. The application of SA and of its analog benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) partially complemented the reduced virulence of mutant viruses. These results suggest that high activation of the SA signaling pathway is required for ClYVV virulence. Interestingly, BTH could enhance Cl-WT symptoms in PI 226564 (cyn1). However, it could not enhance symptoms induced by White clover mosaic virus and Bean yellow mosaic virus. Our report suggests that the SA signaling pathway has opposing functions in compatible interactions, depending on the virus-host combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Atsumi
- Pathogen-Plant Interactions Group, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Fujisaki K, Ishikawa M. Identification of an Arabidopsis thaliana protein that binds to tomato mosaic virus genomic RNA and inhibits its multiplication. Virology 2008; 380:402-11. [PMID: 18762309 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The genomic RNAs of positive-strand RNA viruses carry RNA elements that play positive, or in some cases, negative roles in virus multiplication by interacting with viral and cellular proteins. In this study, we purified Arabidopsis thaliana proteins that specifically bind to 5' or 3' terminal regions of tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) genomic RNA, which contain important regulatory elements for translation and RNA replication, and identified these proteins by mass spectrometry analyses. One of these host proteins, named BTR1, harbored three heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-homology RNA-binding domains and preferentially bound to RNA fragments that contained a sequence around the initiation codon of the 130K and 180K replication protein genes. The knockout and overexpression of BTR1 specifically enhanced and inhibited, respectively, ToMV multiplication in inoculated A. thaliana leaves, while such effect was hardly detectable in protoplasts. These results suggest that BTR1 negatively regulates the local spread of ToMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Fujisaki
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
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Fujisaki K, Kobayashi S, Tsujimoto Y, Naito S, Ishikawa M. Analysis of tobamovirus multiplication in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in TOM2A homologues. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:1519-1524. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/000539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The TOM2A gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a four-pass transmembrane protein that is required for efficient multiplication of a tobamovirus, TMV-Cg. In this study, the involvement of three TOM2A homologues in tobamovirus multiplication in A. thaliana was examined. T-DNA insertion mutations in the three homologues, separately or in combination, did not affect TMV-Cg multiplication, whereas, in the tom2a genetic background, some combinations reduced it. This result suggests that the TOM2A homologues are functional in enhancing TMV-Cg multiplication, but their contribution is much less than TOM2A. Interestingly, the multiplication of another tobamovirus, Tomato mosaic virus, was not drastically affected by any combinations of the mutations in TOM2A and its homologues as far as we examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Fujisaki
- Plant–Microbe Interactions Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Soko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yayoi Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naito
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ishikawa
- Plant–Microbe Interactions Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
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Sicard O, Loudet O, Keurentjes JJB, Candresse T, Le Gall O, Revers F, Decroocq V. Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling symptom development during viral infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2008; 21:198-207. [PMID: 18184064 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-21-2-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In compatible interactions between plants and viruses that result in systemic infection, symptom development is a major phenotypic trait. However, host determinants governing this trait are mostly unknown, and the mechanisms underlying it are still poorly understood. In a previous study on the Arabidopsis thaliana-Plum pox virus (PPV) pathosystem, we showed a large degree of variation in symptom development among susceptible accessions. In particular, Cvi-1 (Cape Verde islands) accumulates viral particules but remains symptomless, Col-0 (Columbia) sometimes shows weak symptoms compared with Ler (Landsberg erecta), which always shows severe symptoms. Genetic analyses of Col x Ler and Cvi x Ler F2 and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations suggested that symptom development as well as viral accumulation traits are polygenic and quantitative. Three of the symptom quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified could be confirmed in near-isogenic lines, including PSI1 (PPV symptom induction 1), which was identified on the distal part of chromosome 1 in both RIL populations. With respect to viral accumulation, several factors have been detected and, interestingly, in the Col x Ler population, two out of three viral accumulation QTL colocalized with loci controlling symptom development, although correlation analysis showed weak linearity between symptom severity and virus accumulation. In addition, in the Cvi x Ler RIL population, a digenic recessive determinant controlling PPV infection was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Sicard
- UMR Génomique, Diversité et Pouvoir Pathogène, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Bordeaux 2, IBVM, , BP81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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13
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Boisnard A, Albar L, Thiéméle D, Rondeau M, Ghesquière A. Evaluation of genes from eIF4E and eIF4G multigenic families as potential candidates for partial resistance QTLs to Rice yellow mottle virus in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2007; 116:53-62. [PMID: 17898986 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
QTLs for partial resistance to Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in rice were mapped in two populations of doubled-haploid lines (DHLs) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the same cross but evaluated for different resistance criteria (virus content and symptom severity). An integrative map was used to compare the two genetic maps and a global analysis of both populations was performed. Most of the QTLs previously identified in DHL population were confirmed with increased significance and precision. As many recent studies evidenced the role of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIF) of 4E and 4G families in plant susceptibility to RNA viruses, we checked if these genes co-locate with QTLs of resistance to RYMV. Their systematic in silico identification was carried out on the rice genome and their physical locations were compared to QTL positions on the integrative map. In order to confirm or not the co-locations observed, the analysis was completed by evaluation of near-isogenic lines, QTL fine mapping and sequencing of candidate genes. Three members from eIF4G family could be retained as reliable candidates whereas eIF4E genes, commonly found to govern resistances in other plant/virus interactions, were discarded. Together with the recent identification of an eIF(iso)4G as a major resistance gene, data suggests an important role of genes from eIF4G family in rice resistance to RYMV but does not exclude the contribution of factors different from the translation initiation complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boisnard
- UMR 5096, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, IRD/CNRS/Université de Perpignan, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Vega-Arreguín JC, Gronenborn B, Ramírez BC. Arabidopsis thaliana is a host of the legume nanovirus Faba bean necrotic yellows virus. Virus Res 2007; 128:81-7. [PMID: 17512075 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report infection of Arabidopsis thaliana with the legume nanovirus Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) by its insect vector Aphis craccivora. Symptoms of FBNYV infection on A. thaliana include stunting and reduced apical dominance, and are rather mild, compared to the severe necrosis and early plant death induced by the virus in the natural host Vicia faba. An inoculation access period of 6h is sufficient to transmit FBNYV to A. thaliana. FBNYV is readily transmitted back from A. thaliana to V. faba, where it induces the characteristic severe disease symptoms. Hence, passage through A. thaliana does not affect FBNYV pathogenicity. FBNYV accumulates to the highest levels in roots and stems, compared to cauline and rosette leaves. In cauline leaves, the kinetics of virus accumulation correlates with the amount of master Rep protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Vega-Arreguín
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France.
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Fujisaki K, Ravelo GB, Naito S, Ishikawa M. Involvement of THH1, an Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of the TOM1 gene, in tobamovirus multiplication. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:2397-2401. [PMID: 16847136 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The TOM1 and TOM3 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana encode homologous proteins that are required for tobamovirus multiplication. Although the A. thaliana genome encodes another TOM1-like gene, THH1, the tobamovirus coat protein (CP) does not accumulate to a detectable level in the tom1 tom3 double mutant. Here, double and triple mutants of tom1, tom3 and thh1 were generated to investigate whether THH1 functions to support tobamovirus multiplication. In the tom1 thh1 double mutant, the tobamovirus CP accumulated to a level that was detectable, but lower than that in the tom1 single mutant. In tom1 tom3 double-mutant lines overexpressing THH1, the tobamovirus CP accumulated to a level similar to that observed in wild-type plants. These results suggest that THH1 supports tobamovirus multiplication, but to a lesser extent than TOM1 and TOM3. The expression level of THH1 is lower than that of TOM1 and TOM3, which might explain the smaller contribution of THH1 to tobamovirus multiplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Fujisaki
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Gerald B Ravelo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naito
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ishikawa
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi 322-0012, Japan
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
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Decroocq V, Sicard O, Alamillo JM, Lansac M, Eyquard JP, García JA, Candresse T, Le Gall O, Revers F. Multiple resistance traits control Plum pox virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2006; 19:541-9. [PMID: 16673941 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-19-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Twelve Arabidopsis accessions were challenged with Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) isolates representative of the four PPV strains. Each accession supported local and systemic infection by at least some of the PPV isolates, but high variability was observed in the behavior of the five PPV isolates or the 12 Arabidopsis accessions. Resistance to local infection or long-distance movement occurred in about 40% of all the accession-isolate combinations analyzed. Except for Nd-1, all accessions showed resistance to local infection by PPV-SoC; in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) accession, this resistance was compromised by sgt1 and rar1 mutations, suggesting that it could be controlled by an R gene-mediated resistance pathway. While most of the susceptible accessions were symptomless, PPV induced severe symptoms on inflorescences in C24, Ler, and Bay-0 as early as 15 days after inoculation. Genetic analyses indicated that these interaction phenotypes are controlled by different genetic systems. The restriction of long-distance movement of PPV-El Amar and of another member of genus Potyvirus, Lettuce mosaic virus, in Col-0 requires the RTM genes, indicating for the first time that the RTM system may provide a broad range, potyvirus-specific protection against systemic infection. The restriction to PPV-PS long-distance movement in Cvi-1 is controlled by a single recessive gene, designated rpv1, which was mapped to chromosome 1. The nuclear inclusion polymerase b-capsid protein region of the viral genome appears to be responsible for the ability of PPV-R to overcome rpv1-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Decroocq
- UMR GDPP INRA-Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, BP81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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