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Jiang J, He K, Wang X, Zhang Y, Guo X, Qian L, Gao X, Liu S. Transcriptional dynamics of Fusarium pseudograminearum under high fungicide stress and the important role of FpZRA1 in fungal pathogenicity and DON toxin production. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133662. [PMID: 39025188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot, poses a significant threat to cereal crops. Building upon our previous investigation of the transcriptional response of this pathogen to four key fungicides (carbendazim, phenamacril, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole), this study delves into the impact of elevated fungicide concentrations using RNA-seq. Global transcriptomic analysis and gene clustering revealed significant enrichment of genes involved in the ABC transporter pathway. Among these transporters, FPSE_06011 (FpZRA1), a conserved gene in eukaryotes, exhibited consistent upregulation at both low and high fungicide concentrations. Targeted deletion of FpZRA1 resulted in reduced sporulation, spore germination, and tolerance to cell wall stress, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the FpZRA1 knockout mutants exhibited decreased pathogenicity on wheat coleoptiles and reduced production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), as evidenced by the markedly down-regulated expression of TRI5, TRI6, and TRI10 in the RT-qPCR analysis. In summary, our findings highlight the impact of fungicide concentration on transcriptional reprogramming in F. pseudograminearum and identify FpZRA1 as a critical regulator of fungal development, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Kai He
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xuhao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Le Qian
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Guo X, He K, Li M, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Qian L, Gao X, Zhang C, Liu S. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Fusarium graminearum challenged with distinct fungicides and functional analysis of FgICL gene. Genomics 2024; 116:110869. [PMID: 38797456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is an economically important phytopathogenic fungus. Chemical control remains the dominant approach to managing this plant pathogen. In the present study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis to understand the effects of four commercially used fungicides on F. graminearum. The results revealed a significant number of differentially expressed genes related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, particularly in the carbendazim and phenamacril groups. Central carbon pathways, including the TCA and glyoxylate cycles, were found to play crucial roles across all treatments except tebuconazole. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reinforced the pivotal role of central carbon pathways based on identified hub genes. Additionally, critical candidates associated with ATP-binding cassette transporters, heat shock proteins, and chitin synthases were identified. The crucial functions of the isocitrate lyase in F. graminearum were also validated. Overall, the study provided comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of how F. graminearum responds to fungicide stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Kai He
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Le Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Neupane S, Avin FA, Liyanapathiranage P, Simmons T, Baysal-Gurel F. Identification and Chemical and Biological Management of Fusarium Root and Crown Rot Disease of Oakleaf Hydrangea. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3188-3197. [PMID: 36890131 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2609-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia) is an important ornamental plant grown in Tennessee. In May 2018, after late spring frost, cultivars Pee Wee and Queen of Hearts showed root and crown rot symptoms and identification and management of the disease was a major concern. The objective of this research was to identify the causal organism of this disease and develop management recommendations for nursery growers. Isolates from the infected root and crown parts were subjected to microscopy, and the morphology of fungi resembled Fusarium. Molecular analysis was conducted by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α regions. Fusarium oxysporum was identified as a causal organism based on molecular analysis. A pathogenicity test was done to complete the Koch's postulates by drenching containerized oakleaf hydrangea with a conidial suspension. Experiments were conducted to evaluate different chemical fungicides and biological products with different rates for Fusarium root and crown rot management in container-grown Queen of Hearts. Plants were inoculated by drenching containerized oakleaf hydrangea with 150-ml conidial suspensions of F. oxysporum, maintaining the concentration of 1 × 106 conidia/ml. Root and crown rot were assessed using a scale of 0 to 100%. Recovery of F. oxysporum was recorded by plating root and crown sections. Chemical fungicides such as mefentrifluconazole (BAS75002F), the low rate (1.09 ml/liter) of difenoconazole + pydiflumetofen (Postiva), and the high rate (1.32 ml/liter) of isofetamid (Astun) and biopesticide were applied; the high rate (1.64 g/liter) of ningnanmycin (SP2700 WP) effectively reduced Fusarium root rot severity and pyraclostrobin effectively reduced Fusarium crown rot severity in both trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Neupane
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Farhat A Avin
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Prabha Liyanapathiranage
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Terri Simmons
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Fulya Baysal-Gurel
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
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Zhang Y, He K, Guo X, Jiang J, Qian L, Xu J, Che Z, Huang X, Liu S. Transcriptomic Profiling of Fusarium pseudograminearum in Response to Carbendazim, Pyraclostrobin, Tebuconazole, and Phenamacril. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030334. [PMID: 36983502 PMCID: PMC10057576 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum has been identified as a significant pathogen. It causes Fusarium crown rot (FCR), which occurs in several major wheat-producing areas in China. Chemical control is the primary measure with which to control this disease. In this study, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to determine the different mechanisms of action of four frequently used fungicides including carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and phenamacril on F. pseudograminearum. In brief, 381, 1896, 842, and 814 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under the carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and phenamacril treatments, respectively. After the joint analysis, 67 common DEGs were obtained, and further functional analysis showed that the ABC transported pathway was significantly enriched. Moreover, FPSE_04130 (FER6) and FPSE_11895 (MDR1), two important ABC multidrug transporter genes whose expression levels simultaneously increased, were mined under the different treatments, which unambiguously demonstrated the common effects. In addition, Mfuzz clustering analysis and WGCNA analysis revealed that the core DEGs are involved in several critical pathways in each of the four treatment groups. Taken together, these genes may play a crucial function in the mechanisms of F. pseudograminearum's response to the fungicides stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Kai He
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuhao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Le Qian
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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5
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YAN Z, CAI G, JIN Z, FU Y, MA J, LI M, HAN W, WU Y. Determination of pyraclostrobin residue in wax gourd and its dietary risk assessment. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmin YAN
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
| | - Guanghui CAI
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, China
| | - Zhong JIN
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
| | - Yanyan FU
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
| | - Jingwei MA
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, China
| | - Meng LI
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, China
| | - Wenhao HAN
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
| | - Yanbing WU
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
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Wu L, Wu Z, Zhao F, Hahn M, Zhou M, Hou Y. Activity and cell toxicology of fluazinam on Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105253. [PMID: 36464359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen and the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). At present, the principal method of controlling FHB is through fungicides. Fluazinam is an agent with strong broad-spectrum antifungal activity and has been used to control many diseases. However, there are no reported uses of fluazinam for controlling FHB. This study reports the activity and cell toxicology mechanisms of fluazinam on the filamentous fungus F. graminearum and its effect on fungal growth and development. The activity of fluazinam was tested for 95 wild-type field strains of F. graminearum. The EC50 values (the 50% effective concentration) of fluazinam for inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination ranged from 0.037 μg/ml to 0.179 μg/ml and from 0.039 μg/ml to 0.506 μg/ml, respectively. The fluazinam sensitivity of these strains varied in 4.9 and 13.0 folds, implying that the target of the fungicide remained unchanged. After treatment with 0.3 μg/ml (≈EC90) fluazinam, the production of conidia was reduced, and the cell wall and cell membrane had shrunked; the cell nucleus and septum morphology, cell membrane permeability, and sexual development were not affected. When treated with 0.1 μg/ml (≈EC50) or 0.3 μg/ml fluazinam, the mycelial respiration and deoxynivalenol (DON) synthesis of F. graminearum were decreased. Confocal images showed that the formation of toxisomes was disturbed after fluazinam treatment, suggesting that fluazinam reduces DON synthesis by inhibiting toxisome formation. Infection of wheat coleoptiles revealed that fluazinam had a strong protective activity against F. graminearum. At 250 μg/ml fluazinam the control efficacy of protective treatments reached 100% and controlled strains resistant to carbendazim. These results contribute to the understanding of the mode of action of fluazinam and its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyu Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
| | - Yiping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
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Cheng YN, Sun L, Meng H, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Yun Y, Wang X, Yan J, Yang X, Zhou H, Li H. Structure-Activity Studies of N-Heterocyclic Benzoyl Arylamine Derivatives Led to a Highly Fungicidal Candidate against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and Four Fusarium Wheat Pathogens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10305-10315. [PMID: 35950372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat root diseases can seriously reduce yields and quality of wheat. 1,2,4-Triazole benzoyl arylamine derivatives previously showed good activities against some wheat root fungal pathogens. To further systematically disclose the structure-activity relationship, a series of benzoyl arylamines were designed and prepared. Their structures were characterized and fungicidal activities against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and Fusarium graminearum were evaluated. The results indicated that the structure of the N-heterocyclic group and the substituted group and their position on the benzamide scaffold had an important influence on the activities, as predicted. Finally, compound 18f was found to show excellent activities against G. graminis var. tritici, F. graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium pseudograminearum, and Fusarium moniliforme with half-maximum effective concentrations of 0.002, 0.093, 0.011, 0.881, and 0.287 μg/mL, respectively. These results proposed that compound 18f deserved serious consideration as a novel fungicide candidate for the control of wheat root diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Cheng
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Liansheng Sun
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoguang Meng
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijia Zhang
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yun
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiafei Wang
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Yan
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifa Yang
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglian Li
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Jiang J, Guo X, Qian L, Xu J, Che Z, Chen G, Liu S. Sensitivity and Resistance Risk Assessment of Fusarium graminearum from Wheat to Prothioconazole. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2097-2104. [PMID: 35171639 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2684-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat. Prothioconazole is a broad-spectrum demethylation inhibitor fungicide with excellent efficacy against FHB. In this study, 235 strains of F. graminearum collected from different regions of Henan Province of China in 2016, 2017, and 2018 were randomly selected. The sensitivity of F. graminearum to prothioconazole was determined by the mycelial growth inhibition method. The results showed that the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of F. graminearum to prothioconazole ranged from 0.4742 to 3.4403 μg/ml, and the average EC50 value was 1.7758 ± 0.6667 μg/ml. The sensitivity frequency distribution presented a consequent unimodal curve, and thus the average EC50 value can be established as the baseline sensitivity of F. graminearum to prothioconazole. Ten strains of prothioconazole-resistant mutants were obtained by fungicide taming, and the resistance factor of the mutants ranged from 5.71 to 12.32. The genetic stability assay showed that resistance can be inherited stably for 10 generations. All mutants displayed different degrees of defects in vegetative growth, conidia formation, and pathogenicity compared with the parental strain. These results indicated that F. graminearum has a low risk of resistance to prothioconazole. Cross-resistance assay showed that no cross-resistance was found between prothioconazole and carbendazim, tebuconazole, phenamacril, and pydiflumetofen. Among all mutants, sequence analysis showed that no mutation site was found in cyp51A and cyp51B. Real-time PCR assays showed that the expression levels of cyp51A and cyp51B of the mutants were significantly increased after prothioconazole treatment for 24 h. In summary, our study provided a theoretical basis for the resistance risk assessment of F. graminearum to prothioconazole and scientific application of prothioconazole in controlling FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xuhao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Le Qian
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Genqiang Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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9
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Combining Disease Mechanism and Machine Learning to Predict Wheat Fusarium Head Blight. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) can be effectively controlled through prediction. To address the low accuracy and poor stability of model predictions of wheat FHB, a prediction method of wheat FHB that couples a logistic regression mechanism-based model and k-nearest neighbours (KNN) model is proposed in this paper. First, we selected predictive factors, including remote sensing-based and meteorological factors. Then, we quantitatively expressed the factor weights of the disease occurrence and development mechanisms in the disease prediction model by using a logistic model. Subsequently, we integrated the obtained factor weights into the predictive factors and input the predictive factors with weights into the KNN model to predict the incidence of wheat FHB. Finally, the accuracy and generalizability of the models were evaluated. Wheat fields in Changfeng, Dingyuan, Fengyuan, and Feidong counties, Anhui Province, where wheat FHB often occurs, were used as the study area. The incidences of wheat FHB on 29 April and 10 May 2021 were predicted. Compared with a model that did not consider disease mechanism, the accuracy of our model increased by approximately 13%. The overall accuracies of the models for the two dates were 0.88 and 0.92, and the F1 index was 0.86 and 0.94, respectively. The results show that the predictions made with the logistic-KNN model had higher accuracy and better stability than those made with the KNN model, thus achieving remote sensing-based high-precision prediction of wheat FHB.
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Du P, He H, Zhou L, Dong F, Liu X, Zheng Y. Different biodegradation potential and the impacted soil functions of epoxiconazole in two soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126787. [PMID: 34399219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole is an effective pesticide to control Fusarium head blight (FHB), and the application will increase. To investigate the ecotoxicity of epoxiconazole to soil microbiome, we carried out an indoor experiment in which soils from two main regions of wheat production in China (Nanjing and Anyang) were treated with epoxiconazole (0, 0.0625, 0.625, or 6.25 mg kg-1) and incubated for 90 days. Under epoxiconazole stress, for bacteria and fungi, the abundance was increased and the diversity and community were impacted. In Anyang soil, the half-life of epoxiconazole was short with more increased species (linear discriminant analysis effect size biomarkers) and more increased xenobiotics biodegradation pathways in epoxiconazole treatments. The increased species mostly due to high abundance in initial state and more positive connections of the species. Co-occurrences revealed that epoxiconazole tightened bacterial connection, and increased positive correlations in Anyang soil. The N transformation was influenced with increased nifH and amoA; and the contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N were also increased. The functions of C, S, and manganese metabolisms were also impacted by epoxiconazole. This work expands our understanding about epoxiconazole degradation and help us to properly assess the risk of epoxiconazole in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqiang Du
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Hairong He
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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de Chaves MA, Reginatto P, da Costa BS, de Paschoal RI, Teixeira ML, Fuentefria AM. Fungicide Resistance in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:62. [PMID: 34994875 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fusariosis affects cereal grain crops worldwide and is responsible for devastating crops, reducing grain quality and yield, and producing strong mycotoxins. Benzimidazoles and triazoles were recommended to combat fusariosis; however, there were reports of resistance, making it necessary to reflect on the reasons for this occurrence. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the fusariosis resistance to the main agricultural fungicides, to observe whether this resistance can cause changes in the production of mycotoxins, and to verify the influence of resistance on the cereal grain production chain. Scientific articles were selected from the ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Pubmed databases, published at maximum 10 years ago and covering the main fungicide classes that combat phytopathogenesis and mycotoxin production. A high occurrence of resistance to carbendazim was found, while few reports of resistance to triazoles are available. The effectiveness of strobilurins is doubtful, due to an increase of mycotoxins linked to it. It is possible to conclude that the large-scale use of fungicides can select resistant strains that will contribute to an increase in the production of mycotoxins and harm sectors of the world economy, not only the agriculture, but also sanitation and foreign trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Antunes de Chaves
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Pharmacy, Annex II, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, São Luís, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Paula Reginatto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Souza da Costa
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Singh G, Hnatowich G, Peng G, Kutcher HR. Fungicide Mitigates Fusarium Head Blight in Durum Wheat When Applied as Late as the End of Flowering in Western Canada. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3481-3489. [PMID: 33881916 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0335-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of durum, spring, and winter wheat in Canada. Growers rely on an integrated strategy to manage the disease, including fungicide application at the current recommendation of early to 50% anthesis (BBCH61-65). This study evaluated the effect of fungicide application timing and seeding rates of durum wheat on FHB. Field trials were carried out from 2016 to 2018 at three locations in Saskatchewan. Eight treatments of the metconazole fungicide Caramba were applied to durum seeded at 75 and 400 seeds m-2. The fungicide treatments consisted of a nontreated check, a treated check, and applications at BBCH59, BBCH61, BBCH65, BBCH69, and BBCH73 and a dual application treatment (BBCH61 followed by BBCH73). FHB index, proportion of Fusarium-damaged kernels (%FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON), grain protein content (GPC, %), and yield were evaluated. Seeding rates influenced all parameters. The high seeding rate had a higher yield and FHB index but lower DON and GPC than did the lower seeding rate. All fungicide treatments resulted in lower FHB index, DON, and %FDK than the nontreated check. Under FHB conducive conditions, all anthesis applications from BBCH61 to BBCH69 had a similar effect on FHB index, %FDK, DON, and yield, whereas in years with low disease severity, the application at BBCH65 had lower FHB index, %FDK, and DON relative to other single applications. The dual application (BBCH61 + 73) treatment resulted in similar FHB index levels, %FDK, and DON content as the BBCH65 application at all site years. Our results indicate that the window of fungicide application can be extended to the end of flowering when FHB risk is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursahib Singh
- Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Garry Hnatowich
- Irrigation Crop Diversification Corporation Outlook, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gary Peng
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hadley R Kutcher
- Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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13
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Pan SH, Cao HC, Li BX, Zhang DX, Mu W, Liu F. Improving the efficacy against crop foliage disease by regulating fungicide adhesion on leaves with soft microcapsules. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4418-4424. [PMID: 33991053 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing pesticide retention on crop leaves is a key approach for guaranteeing efficacy when products are applied to foliage. Evidently, the formulation plays an important role in this process. Microcapsules (MCs) are a promising formulation, but whether and how their adhesion to the leaf surface affects retention and efficacy is not well understood. RESULTS In this study, we found that the incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different molecular weights into the MC shell affects the release profile of MCs and the contact area of these MCs to leaves by changing their softness. The cumulative release rates of pyraclostrobin (Pyr) MCs fabricated with PEG200, PEG400, PEG800 and PEG1500 were 80.61%, 90.98%, 94.07% and 97.40%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the flexibility of the MCs increased with increasing PEG molecular weight. The median lethal concentration (LC50 ) of the MCs with different PEG to the zebrafish were 12.10, 8.10, 3.90 and 1.46 mg L-1 , respectively, which also indirectly reflected their release rate. Rainwater had less influence on the retention of the MCs prepared with PEG1500 than with the other PEG, which indicates a better adhesion to the target leave surfaces. MCs with the highest residual efficacy had better control efficacy on peanut leaf spot in field trials. CONCLUSION Overall, adding PEG with an appropriate molecular weight to the MC shell can regulate the structure of the MC shell to improve the affinity between the MCs and leaves, which further improves the utilization of pesticides and reduces the environmental risks of pesticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-He Pan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
| | - Da-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
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14
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Zhao Z, Sun R, Su Y, Hu J, Liu X. Fate, residues and dietary risk assessment of the fungicides epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin in wheat in twelve different regions, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111236. [PMID: 32911182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fungicides epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin have been widely used to control wheat fusarium head blight. This study was designed to investigate the dissipation behaviors in different climate regions and provide data for the modification of maximum residue limits of the two fungicides. Wheat samples were collected from field sites in twelve different regions, China and analyzed with an HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin in wheat. The average recoveries of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin in wheat matrix were 87-112% and 85-102%, respectively, with the relative standard deviations ≤8.1%. The limits of quantification of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin in grain and straw were both 0.01 mg/kg. The dissipations of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin followed first-order kinetics, with the half-lives of 10.3 days and 7.6 days, respectively. The terminal residues of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin in grain were below 0.034 and 0.028 mg/kg, separately, both lower than the maximum residue limits recommended by China. Based on Chinese dietary pattern and terminal residue distributions, the risk quotients of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin were 13.9% and 65.9%, respectively, revealing the evaluated wheat exhibited an acceptably low dietary risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Runxia Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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15
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Song XS, Xiao XM, Gu KX, Gao J, Ding SC, Zhou MG. The ASK1 gene regulates the sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum to carbendazim, conidiation and sexual production by combining with β 2-tubulin. Curr Genet 2020; 67:165-176. [PMID: 33130939 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-tubulin, a component of microtubules, is involved in a wide variety of roles in cell shape, motility, intracellular trafficking and regulating intracellular metabolism. It has been an important fungicide target to control plant pathogen, for example, Fusarium. However, the regulation of fungicide sensitivity by β-tubulin-interacting proteins is still unclear. Here, ASK1 was identified as a β-tubulin interacting protein. The ASK1 regulated the sensitivity of Fusarium to carbendazim (a benzimidazole carbamate fungicide), and multiple cellular processes, such as chromatin separation, conidiation and sexual production. Further, we found the point mutations at 50th and 198th of β2-tubulin which caused carbendazim resistance decreased the binding between β2-tubulin and ASK1, resulting in the deactivation of ASK1. ASK1, on the other hand, competed with carbendazim to bind to β2-tubulin. The point mutation F167Y in β2-tubulin broke the intermolecular H-bonds and salt bridges between β2-tubulin and ASK1, which reduced the competitive effect of ASK1 to carbendazim and resulted in the similar carbendazim sensitivities in F167Y-ΔASK1 and F167Y. These findings have powerful implications for efforts to understand the interaction among β2-tubulin, its interacting proteins and fungicide, as well as to discover and develop new fungicide against Fusarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Shi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.,The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai-Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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16
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Antifungal Activity against Fusarium culmorum of Stevioside, Silybum marianum Seed Extracts, and Their Conjugate Complexes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080440. [PMID: 32722038 PMCID: PMC7460105 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease that poses a major challenge in cereal production that has important food and feed safety implications due to trichothecene contamination. In this study, the effect of stevioside-a glycoside found in the leaves of candyleaf (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)-was evaluated in vitro against Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) Sacc., alone and in combination (in a 1:1 molar ratio) with polyphenols obtained from milk thistle seeds (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn). Different concentrations, ranging from 32 to 512 µg·mL-1, were assayed, finding EC50 and EC90 inhibitory concentrations of 156 and 221 µg·mL-1, respectively, for the treatment based only on stevioside, and EC50 and EC90 values of 123 and 160 µg·mL-1, respectively, for the treatment based on the stevioside-polyphenol conjugate complexes. Colony formation inhibition results were consistent, reaching full inhibition at 256 µg·mL-1. Given that synergistic behavior was observed for this latter formulation (SF = 1.43, according to Wadley's method), it was further assessed for grain protection at storage, mostly directed against mycotoxin contamination caused by the aforementioned phytopathogen, confirming that it could inhibit fungal growth and avoid trichothecene contamination. Moreover, seed tests showed that the treatment did not affect the percentage of germination, and it resulted in a lower incidence of root rot caused by the pathogen in Kamut and winter wheat seedlings. Hence, the application of these stevioside-S. marianum seed extract conjugate complexes may be put forward as a promising and environmentally friendly treatment for the protection of cereal crops and stored grain against FHB.
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17
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Malhat F, Saber ES, Elsalam Shokr SA, Ahmed MT, El-Sayed Amin A. Consumer safety evaluation of pyraclostrobin residues in strawberry using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS): An Egyptian profile. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Hoff R, Furtado R, Dos Santos JM, Vogelmann ES, Hoff GD, Kneip RC, Jank L, Gonçalves FF. Removal of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin from highly contaminated effluent (grams per liter level): Comparison between ozone and solar still decontamination using real field conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:597-604. [PMID: 30414588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian environmental legislation obliges the aeroagriculture operators to treat the effluents generated after aircraft washing. This effluent commonly contains high levels of pesticides (g L-1) with potential to produce point source pollution. In the present study, we evaluated the efficiency of two systems on the removal of the fungicides epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin from these effluents. The first system is based on ozonation and is currently suggested by regulatory authority. The second system is based on a pyramid-shaped solar still. The pesticides removal was monitored using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to determine the mass quantity of both molecules throughout the treatment. After treatment with ozone treatment, the total mass of epoxiconazole decreased by 73% and pyraclostrobin decreased by 90.8%. The solar distillation system removed epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin by >99.995 and 99.99%, respectively. The both systems proved to be efficient in the treatment of effluent containing residues of the fungicide Opera®, a formulation containing epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin. The solar distillation system showed a higher degree of removal and presents the advantage of operating without energy sources, reagents or consumables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hoff
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Furtado
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, DPDAG, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Marques Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Marechal Floriano Peixoto, 2236, São Lourenço do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Saldanha Vogelmann
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Marechal Floriano Peixoto, 2236, São Lourenço do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Duarte Hoff
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Faculdade de Química, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Av. Eliseu Maciel - Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Cunha Kneip
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, IFSul, Praça 20 de Setembro, 455, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Louíse Jank
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ferreira Gonçalves
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Barão do Caí, 125, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Brazil
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19
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Paul PA, Bradley CA, Madden LV, Lana FD, Bergstrom GC, Dill-Macky R, Esker PD, Wise KA, McMullen M, Grybauskas A, Kirk WW, Milus E, Ruden K. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of QoI and DMI Fungicide Combinations on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol in Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:2602-2615. [PMID: 30295564 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-18-0211-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Field trials were conducted in 17 U.S. states to evaluate the effects of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) and demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide programs on Fusarium head blight index (IND) and deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin in wheat. Four DMI-only treatments applied at Feekes 10.5.1, five QoI-only treatments applied between Feekes 9 or Feekes 10.5, three QoI+DMI mixtures applied at Feekes 10.5, and three treatments consisting of a QoI at Feekes 9 followed by a DMI at Feekes 10.5.1 were evaluated. Network meta-analytical models were fitted to log-transformed mean IND and DON data and estimated contrasts of log means were used to obtain estimates of mean percent controls relative to the nontreated check as measures of efficacy. Results from the meta-analyses were also used to assess the risk of DON increase in future trials. DMI at Feekes 10.5.1 were the most effective programs against IND and DON and the least likely to increase DON in future trials. QoI-only programs increased mean DON over the nontreated checks and were the most likely to do so in future trials, particularly when applied at Feekes 10.5. The effects of QoI+DMI combinations depended on the active ingredients and whether the two were applied as a mixture at heading or sequentially. Following a Feekes 9 QoI application with a Feekes 10.5.1 application of a DMI reduced the negative effect of the QoI on DON but was not sufficient to achieve the efficacy of the Feekes 10.5.1 DMI-only treatments. Our results suggest that one must be prudent when using QoI treatments under moderate to high risk of FHB, particularly where the QoI is used without an effective DMI applied in combination or in sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
| | - C A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton 42445
| | - L V Madden
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
| | - F Dalla Lana
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
| | - G C Bergstrom
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - R Dill-Macky
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - P D Esker
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Penn State University, University Park 16802
| | - K A Wise
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - M McMullen
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Fargo 58108
| | - A Grybauskas
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - W W Kirk
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - E Milus
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - K Ruden
- Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
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20
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Paul PA, Bradley CA, Madden LV, Dalla Lana F, Bergstrom GC, Dill-Macky R, Wise KA, Esker PD, McMullen M, Grybauskas A, Kirk WW, Milus E, Ruden K. Effects of Pre- and Postanthesis Applications of Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol in Spring and Winter Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:2500-2510. [PMID: 30358506 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-18-0466-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthesis is generally recommended as the optimum growth stage for applying a foliar fungicide to manage Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the Fusarium-associated toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat. However, because it is not always possible to treat fields at anthesis, studies were conducted to evaluate pre- and postanthesis treatment options for managing FHB and DON in spring and winter wheat. Network meta-analytical models were fitted to data from 19 years of fungicide trials, and log response ratio ([Formula: see text]) and approximate percent control ([Formula: see text]) relative to a nontreated check were estimated as measures of the effects of six treatments on FHB index (IND: mean percentage of diseased spikelets per spike) and DON. The evaluated treatments consisted of either Caramba (metconazole) applied early (at heading [CE]), at anthesis (CA), or late (5 to 7 days after anthesis; CL), or Prosaro (prothioconazole + tebuconazole) applied at the same three times and referred to as PE, PA, and PL, respectively. All treatments reduced mean IND and DON relative to the nontreated check, but the magnitude of the effect varied with timing and wheat type. CA and PA resulted in the highest [Formula: see text] values for IND, 52.2 and 51.5%, respectively, compared with 45.9% for CL, 41.3% for PL, and less than 33% for CE and PE. Anthesis and postanthesis treatments reduced mean IND by 14.9 to 29.7% relative to preanthesis treatments. The estimated effect size was also statistically significant for comparisons between CA and CL and PA and PL; CA reduced IND by 11.7% relative to CL, whereas PA reduced the disease by 17.4% relative to PL. Differences in efficacy against IND between pairs of prothioconazole + tebuconazole and metconazole treatments applied at the same timing (CE versus PE, CA versus PA, and CL versus PL) were not statistically significant. However, CA and CL outperformed PA and PL by 7 and 12.8%, respectively, in terms of efficacy against DON. All application programs had comparable efficacy against IND between spring and winter wheat types, but efficacy against DON was 10 to 16% greater for spring than winter wheat for applications made at or after anthesis. All programs led to an increase in mean grain yield and test weight relative to the nontreated check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, 44691
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, 42445
| | - Laurence V Madden
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, 44691
| | - Felipe Dalla Lana
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, 44691
| | - Gary C Bergstrom
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ruth Dill-Macky
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul 55108
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Paul D Esker
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802
| | - Marcia McMullen
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Fargo, 58108
| | - Arvydas Grybauskas
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742
| | - William W Kirk
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824
| | - Eugene Milus
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701
| | - Kay Ruden
- Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007
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21
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Duan Y, Xiao X, Li T, Chen W, Wang J, Fraaije BA, Zhou M. Impact of epoxiconazole on Fusarium head blight control, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 152:138-147. [PMID: 30497704 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of small grain cereals with Fusarium graminearum as one of the most important causal agents. FHB not only can reduce yield and quality of grains, but also lead to accumulation of mycotoxins in grain, thereby threatening human and animal health. In this study, we observed that epoxiconazole exhibits strong inhibitory effects on both carbendazim-resistant and phenamacril-resistant isolates using mycelial growth inhibition assays. The artificially inoculated field trials further showed that epoxiconazole increased the control efficacy of FHB by being able to control carbendazim-resistant and phenamacril-resistant isolates. Epoxiconazole triggered DON production and Tri5 expression in vitro. However, in addition to increased FHB control efficacy and grain yield, decreased DON levels were measured in field trials after epoxiconazole applications. FHB control, grain yields and DON levels were significantly correlated with each other, suggesting that the visual disease rating can be used as an indicator of grain yields and mycotoxin contamination. Meanwhile, the frequency of carbendazim-resistant alleles in F. graminearum populations was dramatically reduced after epoxiconazole applications. In addition, epoxiconazole seed treatments had no effect on seed germination but phytotoxicity was apparent through growth inhibition of wheat seedlings. Overall, these findings of this study provide useful information for wheat protection programs against toxigenic fungi responsible for FHB and the consequent mycotoxin accumulation in grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China; Biointeractions & Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bart A Fraaije
- Biointeractions & Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China.
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22
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Hou YP, Chen YL, Qu XP, Wang JX, Zhou MG. Effects of a novel SDHI fungicide pyraziflumid on the biology of the plant pathogenic fungi Bipolaris maydis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 149:20-25. [PMID: 30033012 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyraziflumid is a novel member of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide. Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) caused by Bipolaris maydis is an important foliar disease of maize crop. In this study, baseline sensitivity of B. maydis to pyraziflumid was determined using 100 strains of B. maydis collected from different geographical regions in Jiangsu Province of China during 2015 and 2016, and EC50 values ranged from 0.0309 to 0.8856 μg/ml with the average value of 0.2780 ± 0.2012 μg/ml for mycelial growth, and 0.032 to 0.9592 μg/ml with the average value of 0.3492 ± 0.2450 μg/ml for conidium germination. After treatment with pyraziflumid, the distribution of cell nucleus and septum of mycelium was not changed, but hyphae of offshoot and conidia production decreased, cell secretion decreased, the cell membrane was damaged, mycelium electrolyte leakage increased, and organelles in mycelial cell dissolved and vacuolated. The protective and curative activity test of pyraziflumid suggested that pyraziflumid had great control efficiency against B. maydis on detached corn leaves. In protective activity assay with application of pyraziflumid at 5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 87.32% and 100% respectively. In curative activity assay with application of pyraziflumid at 20 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 82.10% and 100% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ya-Li Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Pu Qu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Hou YP, Chen YL, Wu LY, Wang JX, Chen CJ, Zhou MG. Baseline sensitivity of Bipolaris maydis to the novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor benzovindiflupyr and its efficacy. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 149:81-88. [PMID: 30033021 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzovindiflupyr is a novel member of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides. The filamentous fungus Bipolaris maydis Nisik. et Miyake was the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight (SCLB). Here, baseline sensitivity of B. maydis to benzovindiflupyr was established by mycelial growth and conidium germination methods using 96 B. maydis isolates collected from various places of Jiangsu Province of China, and EC50 values ranged from 0.0321 to 0.9149 μg/ml with the mean value of 0.3446 (±0.2248) μg/ml for mycelial growth, and 0.1864 to 0.964 μg/ml with the mean value of 0.5060 (±0.2094) μg/ml for conidium germination respectively. Treated with benzovindiflupyr, the distribution of nuclei and septum of hyphae did not change, but hyphae of offshoot and conidial production of B. maydis decreased significantly, the cell membrane permeability increased. The result of transmission electron microscope showed that the cross section of hypha was out of shape, the cell wall became thin and sparse, the cell membrane were distinctly damaged, organelles dissolved and vacuolated, and the cell nearly broke up. The results suggested that benzovindiflupyr had strong activity against mycelial growth and conidial production of B. maydis by damaging cell wall, membrane and organelles. The protective and curative activity assays for benzovindiflupyr indicated that benzovindiflupyr exhibited excellent suppression of B. maydis development on detached corn leaves. In protective activity assay with application of benzovindiflupyr at 10 μg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 100%. In curative activity assay with application of benzovindiflupyr at 50 μg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 90.72%. This is the first report of baseline sensitivity of B. maydis to benzovindiflupyr and its biological activity against B. maydis. It is recommended that benzovindiflupyr is a excellent candidate for controlling SCLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ya-Li Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Luo-Yu Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Chang-Jun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Chen YL, Mao XW, Wang JX, Wu LY, Zhou MG, Hou YP. Activity of the dinitroaniline fungicide fluazinam against Bipolaris maydis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:8-15. [PMID: 29891381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluazinam is a dinitroaniline fungicide with broad-spectrum activities. However, the activity of fluazinam against Bipolaris maydis which is the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight is unknown yet. In this study, baseline sensitivity of B. maydis to fluazinam was determined using 92 isolates collected during 2015 and 2016 from different geographical regions in Jiangsu Province of China, and the EC50 values ranged from 0.0396 to 0.9808 μg/ml with average value of 0.3853 ± 0.2297 μg/ml, and 0.079 to 0.7832 μg/ml with average value of 0.3065 ± 0.1384 μg/ml for mycelial growth and conidium germination respectively. Fluazinam did not affect the distribution of cell nucleus and the formation of septum of B. maydis. However, fluazinam could make mycelium of B. maydis contorted and the mycelial branches increased and inhibit the development of conidia. The result of transmission electron microscope showed that fluazinam damaged cell wall and cell membrane of mycelium, and make organelles in mycelial cell dissolved and vacuolated, and the cell almost broke up, which caused the intracellular plasma leakage increase. The protective activity test of fluazinam suggested that fluazinam had great control efficiency against B. maydis on detached corn leaves. Application of fluazinam at 10 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 87.70% and 98.25% respectively. However, fluazinam had no curative activity against B. maydis on detached corn leaves. These results will contribute to us on evaluating the potential of the dinitroaniline fungicide fluazinam for management of diseases caused by B. maydis and understanding the mode of action of fluazinam against B. maydis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xue-Wei Mao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Luo-Yu Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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25
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Machado FJ, Santana FM, Lau D, Del Ponte EM. Quantitative Review of the Effects of Triazole and Benzimidazole Fungicides on Fusarium Head Blight and Wheat Yield in Brazil. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1633-1641. [PMID: 30677329 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-17-0340-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triazole and benzimidazole fungicides have been used for controlling Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat for over two decades. In Brazil, it was only during the last five years that uniform fungicide trials for FHB control have been established yearly, thus contributing to a new large body of fungicide efficacy data for this country. A systematic review of both peer- and non-peer-reviewed studies on chemical control conducted since 2000 in Brazil was performed. Fungicides of interest were the triazoles tebuconazole (TEBU1x and TEBU2x) and propiconazole (PROP2x), and the benzimidazole carbendazim (CARB2x). Most fungicides were applied twice, the first at early to mid-flowering and the second 7 to 10 days later. Only TEBU was tested as one or two applications, and thus four treatments were evaluated. For these fungicides, there were 35 trials reporting FHB index and 48 reporting mean yield. Network meta-analytic models were fitted to the data of the log of the means of FHB index for each fungicide and for the nontreated check. The meta-analytic estimates were used to obtain control efficacy ( C¯ ), or percent disease reduction relative to the nontreated check. The absolute mean difference ( D¯ ) in yield (kg/ha) between the fungicide-treated and the nontreated check plots was also estimated. Yield response relative to the nontreated check ( Y¯ ) was also calculated based on the difference in the logs of the means of yield between fungicide-treated and nontreated check. The TEBU1x, TEBU2x, and CARB2x treatments performed similarly with regards to control efficacy (= 59%, 53% and 55%, respectively), and although better than PROP2x (47%), the difference was marginally significant. Yield response ( D¯ ) was highest for TEBU2x, ( D¯ = 558 kg/ha, Y¯ = 19.2%) followed by PROP2x (497 kg/ha, 16.0%), TEBU1x (457 kg/ha, 17.3%), and CARB2x (456 kg/ha, 12.8%). For an average 2016 scenario of fungicide plus application costs (FC = $18 U.S./ha) and average wheat price (WP = $215 U.S./MT), the probability of breaking even on the financial investment in the four treatments ranged from 59 to 63%. For 140 scenarios (four fungicides) created based on the combination of five WP ($133 to 266 U.S./MT) and seven FC ($5 to 35 U.S./ha), the probability of breaking even was >50% for all but two scenarios. The information may serve as a guide for planning future trials and provides a baseline and first step toward optimizing FHB management in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Lau
- Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, 70770-901 RS, Brazil
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Chen Y, Yang X, Gu CY, Zhang AF, Gao TC, Zhou MG. Genotypes and Phenotypic Characterization of Field Fusarium asiaticum Isolates Resistant to Carbendazim in Anhui Province of China. PLANT DISEASE 2015; 99:342-346. [PMID: 30699692 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-14-0381-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium asiaticum is a causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in the southern part of China. Carbendazim has been extensively used for controlling FHB for more than 30 years, leading to the widespread carbendazim-resistant isolates in all major wheat-producing provinces in China, especially in Anhui Province. F. asiaticum isolates were collected throughout Anhui Province between 2010 and 2012 to monitor their sensitivity to carbendazim. In total, 74 of 899 single-spore isolates F. asiaticum were found to be resistant to carbendazim. Resistant isolates were collected from all of the sampled sites except Hefei of Anhui Province. The overall frequency of carbendazim resistance was shown to be 8.2%. Of the 74 isolates, 1, 68, and 5 had low resistance (LR), moderate resistance (MR) ,and high resistance (HR), respectively, to carbendazim. Five types of point mutations (F167Y, E198L, E198K, F200Y, and E198Q) in the β2-tubulin gene conferring resistance to carbendazim were detected in the field-resistant isolates with frequencies of 89.2, 2.7, 4.1, 2.7, and 1.4%, respectively. The point mutations at codon 167, 198, or 200 of the β2-tubulin gene were correlated with different levels of carbendazim resistance. Some of the sensitive and resistant isolates appeared to possess different biological characteristics; however, these might not be due to resistance. Because carbendazim resistance was generally widespread throughout Anhui Province, the sensitivity of F. asiaticum populations to carbendazim should be constantly monitored for the development of carbendazim resistance in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, China; and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, China; and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Chun-Yan Gu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, China; and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Ai-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, China; and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Tong-Chun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, China; and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Duan Y, Ge C, Liu S, Wang J, Zhou M. A two-component histidine kinase Shk1 controls stress response, sclerotial formation and fungicide resistance in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:708-18. [PMID: 23724858 PMCID: PMC6638771 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungal histidine kinases (HKs) are involved in osmotic and oxidative stress responses, hyphal development, fungicide sensitivity and virulence. Members of HK class III are known to signal through the high-osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase (HOG MAPK). In this study, we characterized the Shk1 gene (SS1G_12694.3), which encodes a putative class III HK, from the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Disruption of Shk1 resulted in resistance to phenylpyrrole and dicarboximide fungicides and increased sensitivity to hyperosmotic stress and H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress. The Shk1 mutant showed a significant reduction in vegetative hyphal growth and was unable to produce sclerotia. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR and glycerol determination assays showed that the expression of SsHOG1 (the last kinase of the Hog pathway) and glycerol accumulation were regulated by the Shk1 gene, but PAK (p21-activated kinase) was not. In addition, the Shk1 mutant showed no change in virulence. All the defects were restored by genetic complementation of the Shk1 deletion mutant with the wild-type Shk1 gene. These findings indicate that Shk1 is involved in vegetative differentiation, sclerotial formation, glycerol accumulation and adaption to hyperosmotic and oxidative stresses, and to fungicides, in S. sclerotiorum. Taken together, our results demonstrate, for the first time, the role of two-component HKs in Sclerotinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
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