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Syazwan SA, Mohd-Farid A, Yih Lee S, Mohamed R. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes in Ceratocystis fimbriata complex across diverse hosts. Gene 2024; 921:148539. [PMID: 38710292 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The decline ofAcacia mangiumWilld. in Malaysia, especially in Sabah since 2010, is primarily due to Ceratocystiswilt and canker disease (CWCD) caused by theCeratocystis fimbriataEllis & Halst. complex. This study was aimed to investigate the mitochondrial genome architecture of two differentC. fimbriatacomplex isolates from Malaysia: one fromA. mangiumin Pahang (FRIM1162) and another fromEucalyptus pellitain Sarawak (FRIM1441). This research employed Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to contrast genomes from diverse hosts with nine additional mitochondrial sequences, identifying significant genetic diversity and mutational hotspots in the mitochondrial genome alignment. The mitochondrial genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed a significant genetic relationship between the studied isolates and theC. fimbriatacomplex in the South American Subclade, indicating that theC. fimbriatacomplex discovered in Malaysia isC. manginecans. The comparative mitochondrial genome demonstrates the adaptability of the complex due to mobile genetic components and genomic rearrangements in the studiedfungal isolates. This research enhances our knowledge of the genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns within theC. fimbriatacomplex, aiding in a deeper understanding of fungal disease development and host adaption processes. The acquired insights are crucial for creating specific management strategies for CWCD, improving the overall understanding of fungal disease evolution and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsuddin Ahmad Syazwan
- Mycology and Pathology Branch, Forest Health and Conservation Programme, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Forest Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Mohd-Farid
- Mycology and Pathology Branch, Forest Health and Conservation Programme, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shiou Yih Lee
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Rozi Mohamed
- Department of Forest Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Harrington TC, Ferreira MA, Somasekhara YM, Vickery J, Mayers CG. An expanded concept of Ceratocystis manginecans and five new species in the Latin American clade of Ceratocystis. Mycologia 2024; 116:184-212. [PMID: 38127644 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2284070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The genus Ceratocystis contains a number of emerging plant pathogens, mostly members of the Latin American Clade (LAC), in which there are several unresolved taxonomic controversies. Among the most important are Brazilian pathogens in the C. fimbriata complex, C. manginecans and C. eucalypticola. Representatives of C. manginecans and C. eucalypticola from India and China, respectively, were shown to be fully interfertile in laboratory matings, and hybrids between the putative species were identified on Punica in India. An Indian tester strain was sexually compatible with representatives of what has been considered C. fimbriata on numerous hosts across Brazil. In this revision of the LAC, the name C. fimbriata is restricted to the widely dispersed Ipomoea strain, and C. manginecans is recognized as a Brazilian species that is important on Mangifera, Eucalyptus, and many other crops. C. mangivora and C. mangicola are also considered synonyms of C. manginecans. Based on phylogenetics and mating studies, two other Brazilian species are recognized: C. atlantica, sp. nov., and C. alfenasii, sp. nov., each with wide host ranges. Three new Caribbean species are recognized based on phylogenetics and earlier inoculation studies: C. costaricensis, sp. nov., on Coffea, C. cubensis, sp. nov., on Spathodea, and C. xanthosomatis, sp. nov., on the vegetatively propagated aroids Xanthosoma and Syngonium. Some of the other Ceratocystis species were based primarily on unique internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences, but the unreliability of rDNA sequences was demonstrated when intraspecific crossing of isolates with differing ITS sequences generated single-ascospore progeny with intragenomic variation in ITS sequences and others with new ITS sequences. Species recognition in Ceratocystis should use phenotype, including intersterility tests, to help identify which lineages are species. Although some species remain under-studied, we recognize 16 species in the LAC, all believed to be native to Latin America, the Caribbean region, or eastern USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Harrington
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, lowa 50011
| | - M A Ferreira
- Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37203-202
| | - Y M Somasekhara
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 506 605
| | - Jenna Vickery
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, lowa 50011
| | - Chase G Mayers
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850
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van der Walt D, Steenkamp ET, Wingfield BD, Wilken PM. Evidence of Biparental Mitochondrial Inheritance from Self-Fertile Crosses between Closely Related Species of Ceratocystis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:686. [PMID: 37367622 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is recognized as a notable driver of evolution and adaptation, which closely related species may exploit in the form of incomplete reproductive barriers. Three closely related species of Ceratocystis (i.e., C. fimbriata, C. manginecans and C. eucalypticola) have previously been shown to hybridize. In such studies, naturally occurring self-sterile strains were mated with an unusual laboratory-generated sterile isolate type, which could have impacted conclusions regarding the prevalence of hybridization and inheritance of mitochondria. In the current study, we investigated whether interspecific crosses between fertile isolates of these three species are possible and, if so, how mitochondria are inherited by the progeny. For this purpose, a PCR-RFLP method and a mitochondrial DNA-specific PCR technique were custom-made. These were applied in a novel approach of typing complete ascospore drops collected from the fruiting bodies in each cross to distinguish between self-fertilizations and potential hybridization. These markers showed hybridization between C. fimbriata and C. eucalypticola and between C. fimbriata and C. manginecans, while no hybridization was detected in the crosses involving C. manginecans and C. eucalypticola. In both sets of hybrid progeny, we detected biparental inheritance of mitochondria. This study was the first to successfully produce hybrids from a cross involving self-fertile isolates of Ceratocystis and also provided the first direct evidence of biparental mitochondrial inheritance in the Ceratocystidaceae. This work lays the foundation for further research focused on investigating the role of hybridization in the speciation of Ceratocystis species and if mitochondrial conflict could have influenced the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella van der Walt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Emma T Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - P Markus Wilken
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Uncovering a Complex Virome Associated with the Cacao Pathogens Ceratocystis cacaofunesta and Ceratocystis fimbriata. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020287. [PMID: 36839559 PMCID: PMC9967352 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Theobroma cacao is one of the main crops of economic importance in the world as the source of raw material for producing chocolate and derivatives. The crop is the main source of income for thousands of small farmers, who produce more than 80% of the world's cocoa supply. However, the emergence, re-emergence and proliferation of pathogens, such as Ceratocystis spp., the causative agent of Ceratocystis wilt disease and canker disease, have been affecting the sustainability of many crops. Fungal control is laborious, often depending on fungicides that are expensive and/or toxic to humans, prompting researchers to look for new solutions to counteract the proliferation of these pathogens, including the use of biological agents such as mycoviruses. In this study, we investigated the diversity of microorganisms associated with the T. cacao pathogens Ceratocystis cacaofunesta and Ceratocystis fimbriata with a focus on the virome using RNA sequencing data available in public databases. We used a comprehensive bioinformatics pipeline containing several steps for viral sequence enrichment and took advantage of an integrated assembly step composed of different assemblers followed by sequence similarity searches using NCBI nonredundant databases. Our strategy was able to identify four putative C. cacaofunesta viruses (hypovirus, sclerotimonavirus, alphapartitivirus and narnavirus) and six C. fimbriata viruses (three alphaendornaviruses, one victorivirus and two mitoviruses). All the viral sequences identified showed similarity to viral genomes in public databases only at the amino acid level, likely representing new viral species. Of note, we present the first report of viruses associated with the cacao pathogens C. cacaofunesta and C. fimbriata and the second report of viral species infecting members of the Ceratocystidaceae family. Our findings highlight the need for further prospective studies to uncover the real diversity of fungus-infecting viruses that can contribute to the development of new management strategies.
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Chen Y, Zhou YD, Laborda P, Wang HL, Wang R, Chen X, Liu FQ, Yang DJ, Wang SY, Shi XC, Laborda P. Mode of action and efficacy of quinolinic acid for the control of Ceratocystis fimbriata on sweet potato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4564-4571. [PMID: 34086397 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen able to cause black rot disease on sweet potato. The management of C. fimbriata strongly relies on the use of toxic fungicides, and there is a lack of efficient alternative strategies. RESULTS The antifungal properties of quinolinic acid (QA) were studied for the first time, indicating that QA shows selective antifungal activity against C. fimbriata. QA inhibited completely the mycelial growth of C. fimbriata at less than 0.8 mg mL-1 concentration (pH 4), and was able to produce alterations in the fungal cell wall, and to impede spore agglutination and mycelium formation. QA significantly reduced the concentration of ergosterol, and was able to associate to iron (II), suggesting that QA may be a lanosterol 14-α demethylase inhibitor. In preventive applications, QA reduced the disease incidence of C. fimbriata on sweet potato by 75%, achieving higher control efficacy in comparison with commercial fungicides prochloraz and carbendazim. CONCLUSIONS The first selective antifungal agent against C. fimbriata was discovered in this work, and showed suitable antifungal properties for the management of black rot disease. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Dong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Pablo Laborda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hai-Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Jing Yang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District, Sweet Potato Research Institute, Xuzhou, China
| | - Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Population Diversity and Genetic Structure Reveal Patterns of Host Association and Anthropogenic Impact for the Globally Important Fungal Tree Pathogen Ceratocystis manginecans. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090759. [PMID: 34575797 PMCID: PMC8470894 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Species in the Ceratocystis manginecans complex are important fungal pathogens of plantation trees globally. The most important hosts include species of Eucalyptus, Acacia, Mangifera, and Punica. Despite their relevance and widespread occurrence, little is known regarding their population genetics and how this might relate to their host associations or geographic regions in which they occur. A global collection of 491 isolates representing the C. manginecans complex, from four different plant hosts and nine countries, were genotyped using microsatellite markers. Population genetic analyses using numerous tools were conducted to interrogate how their genetic diversity and structure might be affected by host or areas of occurrence. Results of genetic diversity studies showed that when grouping isolates into populations based on their host associations, the population on Eucalyptus was most diverse, and it also has a broad global distribution. When considering countries of origin as a basis for defining populations, the gene and genotypic diversity were highest in populations from China, Indonesia, and Brazil. In contrast, populations from Oman and Pakistan collected from Mangifera had the lowest genetic diversity and were clonal. Molecular variance, population differentiation, and network and structure analyses showed that the genetic structure of isolates in the C. manginecans complex is influenced by both host association as well as geographical isolation. Furthermore, the results reflected the movement of genotypes between plant hosts and geographic regions that have implications regarding the broad global distribution of this pathogen.
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Suwandi S, Irsan C, Hamidson H, Umayah A, Asriyani KD. Identification and Characterization of Ceratocystis fimbriata Causing Lethal Wilt on the Lansium Tree in Indonesia. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:124-136. [PMID: 33866755 PMCID: PMC8053844 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2020.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bark canker, wood discoloration, and wilting of the duku tree (Lansium domesticum) along the watershed of Komering River, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia first appeared in 2013. The incidence of tree mortality was 100% within 3 years in badly infected orchards. A Ceratocystis species was consistently isolated from the diseased tissue and identified by morphological and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin regions. Pathogenicity tests were conducted and Koch's postulates were confirmed. The fungus was also pathogenic on Acacia mangium, but was less pathogenic on mango. Partial flooding was unfavourable for disease development. Two described isolates (WRC and WBC) had minor variation in morphology and DNA sequences, but the former exhibited a more pathogenic on both duku and acacia. The ITS phylogenies grouped the most pathogenic isolate (WRC) causing wilting of the duku tree within the aggressive and widely distributed ITS5 haplotype of C. fimbriata.
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Abstract
Ceratocystis accommodates many important pathogens of agricultural crops and woody plants. Ceratocystis fimbriata, the type species of the genus is based on a type that is unsuitable for a precise application and interpretation of the species. This is because no culture or DNA data exist for the type specimen. The aim of this study was to select a reference specimen that can serve to stabilize the name of this important fungus. We selected a strain, CBS 114723, isolated from sweet potato in North Carolina, USA, in 1998 for this purpose. The strain was selected based on the availability of a living culture in a public depository. A draft genome sequence is also available for this strain. Its morphological characteristics were studied and compared with the existing and unsuitable type specimen as well as with the original descriptions of C. fimbriata. The selected strain fits the existing concept of the species fully and we have consequently designated it as an epitype to serve as a reference specimen for C. fimbriata.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - I. Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Z.W. de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Sun Y, Li M, Wang Y, Li L, Wang M, Li X, Xu M, Loake GJ, Guo M, Jiang J. Ceratocystis fimbriata Employs a Unique Infection Strategy Targeting Peltate Glandular Trichomes of Sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas) Plants. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1923-1933. [PMID: 32689905 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-20-0165-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The infection processes of Ceratocystis fimbriata BMPZ13 (BMPZ13) was elucidated on vegetative tissues of sweetpotato plants employing light and scanning electron microscopy. Vegetative tissues infected with C. fimbriata BMPZ13 by either wounding or nonwounding inoculation methods developed typical disease symptoms, establishing black rot in stems and necrosis on buds, young leaves, and stems of sprouts, in addition to wilt on leaves and shoot cuttings, typical of vascular associated diseases. The runner hyphae of C. fimbriata BMPZ13 formed from germinated conidia were able to directly penetrate the epidermal cuticle for initial infection and invade sweetpotato peltate glandular trichomes, specialized secretory structures to store and secrete metabolites. A two-step biotrophic phase was observed with nonwounding inoculation on leaves and stems, featuring both intercellular and intracellular invasive hyphae, with the latter found within living cells of the leaf epidermis. Subsequent to the biotrophic phase was a necrotrophic phase displaying cell death in infected leaves and veins. Additionally, this cell death was an iron-associated ferroptosis, supporting the notion that iron is involved in the necrotrophic phase of C. fimbriata BMPZ13 infection. Significantly, we establish that C. fimbriata employs a unique infection strategy: the targeting of peltate glandular trichomes. Collectively, our findings show that C. fimbriata is a plant fungal pathogen with a hemibiotrophic infection style in sweetpotato vegetative tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengqiu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yansu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lianwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengke Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Gary J Loake
- Jiangsu Normal University-Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, U.K
| | - Ming Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Normal University-Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
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Fourie A, de Jonge R, van der Nest MA, Duong TA, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD, Barnes I. Genome comparisons suggest an association between Ceratocystis host adaptations and effector clusters in unique transposable element families. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 143:103433. [PMID: 32652232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ceratocystis fimbriata is a host specific fungal pathogen of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). The closely related species, C. manginecans, is an important pathogen of trees (e.g. Acacia mangium and Mangifera indica) but has never been isolated from tuber crops. The genetic factors that determine the host range and host specificity of these species have not been determined. The aim of this study was to compare the genomes of C. fimbriata and C. manginecans in order to identify species-specific genetic differences that could be associated with host specificity. This included whole-genome alignments as well as comparisons of gene content and transposable elements (TEs). The genomes of the two species were found to be very similar, sharing similar catalogues of CAZymes, peptidases and lipases. However, the genomes of the two species also varied, harbouring species-specific genes (e.g. small secreted effectors, nutrient processing proteins and stress response proteins). A portion of the TEs identified (17%) had a unique distribution in each species. Transposable elements appeared to have played a prominent role in the divergence of the two species because they were strongly associated with chromosomal translocations and inversions as well as with unique genomic regions containing species-specific genes. Two large effector clusters, with unique TEs in each species, were identified. These effectors displayed non-synonymous mutations and deletions, conserved within a species, and could serve as mutational hot-spots for the development of host specificity in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arista Fourie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Magriet A van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, 0002, South Africa
| | - Tuan A Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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11
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Kanzi AM, Trollip C, Wingfield MJ, Barnes I, Van der Nest MA, Wingfield BD. Phylogenomic incongruence in Ceratocystis: a clue to speciation? BMC Genomics 2020; 21:362. [PMID: 32408859 PMCID: PMC7222570 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The taxonomic history of Ceratocystis, a genus in the Ceratocystidaceae, has been beset with questions and debate. This is due to many of the commonly used species recognition concepts (e.g., morphological and biological species concepts) providing different bases for interpretation of taxonomic boundaries. Species delineation in Ceratocystis primarily relied on genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) using multiple standard molecular markers. Results Questions have arisen regarding the utility of these markers e.g., ITS, BT and TEF1-α due to evidence of intragenomic variation in the ITS, as well as genealogical incongruence, especially for isolates residing in a group referred to as the Latin-American clade (LAC) of the species. This study applied a phylogenomics approach to investigate the extent of phylogenetic incongruence in Ceratocystis. Phylogenomic analyses of a total of 1121 shared BUSCO genes revealed widespread incongruence within Ceratocystis, particularly within the LAC, which was typified by three equally represented topologies. Comparative analyses of the individual gene trees revealed evolutionary patterns indicative of hybridization. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree generated from the concatenated dataset comprised of 1069 shared BUSCO genes provided improved phylogenetic resolution suggesting the need for multiple gene markers in the phylogeny of Ceratocystis. Conclusion The incongruence observed among single gene phylogenies in this study call into question the utility of single or a few molecular markers for species delineation. Although this study provides evidence of interspecific hybridization, the role of hybridization as the source of discordance will require further research because the results could also be explained by high levels of shared ancestral polymorphism in this recently diverged lineage. This study also highlights the utility of BUSCO genes as a set of multiple orthologous genes for phylogenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aquillah M Kanzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Conrad Trollip
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Magriet A Van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Wingfield BD, Fourie A, Simpson MC, Bushula-Njah VS, Aylward J, Barnes I, Coetzee MPA, Dreyer LL, Duong TA, Geiser DM, Roets F, Steenkamp ET, van der Nest MA, van Heerden CJ, Wingfield MJ. IMA Genome-F 11: Draft genome sequences of Fusarium xylarioides, Teratosphaeria gauchensis and T. zuluensis and genome annotation for Ceratocystis fimbriata. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:13. [PMID: 32355613 PMCID: PMC7184890 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Draft genomes of the fungal species Fusarium xylarioides, Teratosphaeria gauchensis and T. zuluensis are presented. In addition an annotation of the genome of Ceratocystis fimbriata is presented. Overall these genomes provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular processes underlying pathogenicity and potential management strategies of these economically important fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Arista Fourie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Melissa C. Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Vuyiswa S. Bushula-Njah
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Janneke Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Martin P. A. Coetzee
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Léanne L. Dreyer
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - David M. Geiser
- Fusarium Research Center, Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, 121 Buckhout Lab, University Park, State College, PA 16802 USA
| | - Francois Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - E. T. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Magriet A. van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0002 South Africa
| | - Carel J. van Heerden
- Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
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13
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Fourie A, van der Nest MA, de Vos L, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD, Barnes I. QTL mapping of mycelial growth and aggressiveness to distinct hosts in Ceratocystis pathogens. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 131:103242. [PMID: 31212023 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Some species of Ceratocystis display strong host specificity, such as C. fimbriata sensu stricto that is restricted to sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) as host. In contrast, the closely related C. manginecans, infects Acacia mangium and Mangifera indica but is not pathogenic to I. batatas. Despite the economic importance of these fungi, knowledge regarding the genetic factors that influence their pathogenicity and host specificity is limited. A recent inheritance study, based on an interspecific cross between C. fimbriata and C. manginecans and the resultant 70 F1 progeny, confirmed that traits such as mycelial growth rate, spore production and aggressiveness on A. mangium and I. batatas are regulated by multiple genes. In the present study, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed to determine the genomic loci associated with these traits. All 70 progeny isolates were genotyped with SNP markers and a linkage map was constructed. The map contained 467 SNPs, distributed across nine linkage groups, with a total length of 1203 cm. Using the progeny genotypes and phenotypes, one QTL was identified on the linkage map for mycelial growth rate, one for aggressiveness to A. mangium and two for aggressiveness to I. batatas (P < 0.05). Two candidate genes, likely associated with mycelial growth rate, were identified in the QTL region. The three QTLs associated with aggressiveness to different hosts contained candidate genes involved in protein processing, detoxification and regions with effector genes and high transposable element density. The results provide a foundation for studies considering the function of genes regulating various quantitative traits in Ceratocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arista Fourie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Magriet A van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110 0002, South Africa
| | - Lieschen de Vos
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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14
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Valdetaro DCOF, Harrington TC, Oliveira LSS, Guimarães LMS, McNew DL, Pimenta LVA, Gonçalves RC, Schurt DA, Alfenas AC. A host specialized form of Ceratocystis fimbriata causes seed and seedling blight on native Carapa guianensis (andiroba) in Amazonian rainforests. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:170-182. [PMID: 30709522 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halsted recently was recorded causing seed and seedling blight on Carapa guianensis Aubl. (andiroba), a tree species native to the Amazon Rainforest and prized for its valuable timber and medicinal seed oil. C. fimbriata more commonly causes wilt type diseases in woody hosts, especially on non-native host trees. However, on andiroba the disease occurs on seedlings and seeds, affecting the species regeneration. We studied 73 isolates of C. fimbriata on andiroba from three regions of the Amazon Basin to see if they represented natural or introduced populations. Analysis of ITS rDNA sequences and phylogenetic analysis of mating type genes revealed new haplotypes of C. fimbriata from the Latin American Clade that were closely related to other Brazilian populations of the fungus. In mating experiments, andiroba isolates were inter-fertile with tester strains of C. fimbriata from Brazil and elsewhere, confirming that they belong to a single biological species. Using microsatellite markers, 14 genotypes and populations with intermediate levels of genetic variability were found, suggesting that the fungus is indigenous to the Amazon Basin. Inoculation tests indicated that the andiroba isolates are host-specialized on andiroba, supporting the proposition of the special form C. fimbriata f. sp. carapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C O F Valdetaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Thomas C Harrington
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, IA, USA
| | - Leonardo S S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Lúcio M S Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Douglas L McNew
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, IA, USA
| | - Lucas V A Pimenta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel A Schurt
- Embrapa Roraima - CPAFRR, Boa Vista, Roraima 69301-970, Brazil
| | - Acelino C Alfenas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil.
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15
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Wingfield BD, Bills GF, Dong Y, Huang W, Nel WJ, Swalarsk-Parry BS, Vaghefi N, Wilken PM, An Z, de Beer ZW, De Vos L, Chen L, Duong TA, Gao Y, Hammerbacher A, Kikkert JR, Li Y, Li H, Li K, Li Q, Liu X, Ma X, Naidoo K, Pethybridge SJ, Sun J, Steenkamp ET, van der Nest MA, van Wyk S, Wingfield MJ, Xiong C, Yue Q, Zhang X. IMA Genome-F 9: Draft genome sequence of Annulohypoxylon stygium, Aspergillus mulundensis, Berkeleyomyces basicola (syn. Thielaviopsis basicola), Ceratocystis smalleyi, two Cercospora beticola strains, Coleophoma cylindrospora, Fusarium fracticaudum, Phialophora cf . hyalina, and Morchella septimelata. IMA Fungus 2018; 9:199-223. [PMID: 30018880 PMCID: PMC6048567 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Draft genomes of the species Annulohypoxylon stygium, Aspergillus mulundensis, Berkeleyomyces basicola (syn. Thielaviopsis basicola), Ceratocystis smalleyi, two Cercospora beticola strains, Coleophoma cylindrospora, Fusarium fracticaudum, Phialophora cf. hyalina and Morchella septimelata are presented. Both mating types (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2) of Cercospora beticola are included. Two strains of Coleophoma cylindrospora that produce sulfated homotyrosine echinocandin variants, FR209602, FR220897 and FR220899 are presented. The sequencing of Aspergillus mulundensis, Coleophoma cylindrospora and Phialophora cf. hyalina has enabled mapping of the gene clusters encoding the chemical diversity from the echinocandin pathways, providing data that reveals the complexity of secondary metabolism in these different species. Overall these genomes provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular processes underlying pathogenicity (in some cases), biology and toxin production of these economically important fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Gerald F. Bills
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- College of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wilma J. Nel
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Benedicta S. Swalarsk-Parry
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - P. Markus Wilken
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Li Chen
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Yun Gao
- Nowbio Biotechnology Company, Kunming, 650201,Yunnan, China
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | | | - Yan Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Kuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Kershney Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Sarah J. Pethybridge
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Jingzu Sun
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Emma T. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Magriet A. van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Stephanie van Wyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Chuan Xiong
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Yue
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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16
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New Ceratocystis species associated with rapid death of Metrosideros polymorpha in Hawai'i. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2018; 40:154-181. [PMID: 30505000 PMCID: PMC6146641 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The native ‘ōhi’a lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) has cultural, biological and ecological significance to Hawai’i, but it is seriously threatened by a disease commonly referred to as rapid ‘ōhi’a death (ROD). Preliminary investigations showed that a Ceratocystis species similar to C. fimbriata s.lat. was the cause of the disease. In this study, we used a combination of the phylogenetic, morphological and biological species concepts, as well as pathogenicity tests and microsatellite analyses, to characterise isolates collected from diseased ‘ōhi’a trees across Hawai’i Island. Two distinct lineages, representing new species of Ceratocystis, were evident based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. These are described here as C. lukuohia and C. huliohia. Ceratocystis lukuohia forms part of the Latin American clade (LAC) and was most closely associated with isolates from Syngonium and Xanthosoma from the Caribbean and elsewhere, including Hawai’i, and C. platani, which is native to eastern USA. Ceratocystis huliohia resides in the Asian-Australian clade (AAC) and is most closely related to C. uchidae, C. changhui and C. cercfabiensis, which are thought to be native to Asia. Morphology and interfertility tests support the delineation of these two new species and pathogenicity tests show that both species are aggressive pathogens on seedlings of M. polymorpha. Characterisation of isolates using microsatellite markers suggest that both species are clonal and likely represent recently-introduced strains. Intensive research is underway to develop rapid screening protocols for early detection of the pathogens and management strategies in an attempt to prevent the spread of the pathogens to the other islands of Hawai’i, which are currently disease free.
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17
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Fourie A, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD, van der Nest MA, Loots MT, Barnes I. Inheritance of phenotypic traits in the progeny of a Ceratocystis interspecific cross. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:717-729. [PMID: 29880206 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ceratocystis fimbriata is a fungal plant pathogen that causes black rot on Ipomoea batatas. Based on inoculation studies on numerous tree species, the pathogen is known to be host specific. The closely related species, Ceratocystis manginecans, causes severe wilt on a broad range of tree hosts, including Mangifera indica, Acacia mangium and other leguminous tree species. The genetic factors underlying the pathogenicity and host specificity of Ceratocystis species have rarely been investigated. In this study, an F1 population of 70 recombinant progeny from a cross between C. fimbriata and C. manginecans was generated and the inheritance of various phenotypic traits was investigated. Results showed that colony colour, growth rate, asexual spore production and aggressiveness to I. batatas and A. mangium are all quantitative traits with high levels of heritability. However, conidia production and aggressiveness appeared to be regulated by a small number of genes. No correlation could be found between aggressiveness and other phenotypic traits, suggesting that these are inherited independently. This is the first study to consider genetic inheritance of pathogenicity and host specificity in Ceratocystis species and the results will contribute, in future, to the identification of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes associated with the traits investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arista Fourie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Magriet A van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - M Theodor Loots
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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18
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Li Q, Harrington TC, McNew D, Li J. Ceratocystis uchidae, a new species on Araceae in Hawaii and Fiji. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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