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Zhang M, Li L, Li C, Ma A, Li J, Yang C, Chen X, Cao P, Li S, Zhang Y, Yuchi Z, Du X, Liu C, Wang X, Wang X, Xiang W. Natural product guvermectin inhibits guanosine 5'-monophosphate synthetase and confers broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131510. [PMID: 38608989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases caused substantial yield losses worldwide, with the rise of antibiotic resistance, there is a critical need for alternative antibacterial compounds. Natural products (NPs) from microorganisms have emerged as promising candidates due to their potential as cost-effective and environmentally friendly bactericides. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the antibacterial activity of many NPs, including Guvermectin (GV), remain poorly understood. Here, we sought to explore how GV interacts with Guanosine 5'-monophosphate synthetase (GMPs), an enzyme crucial in bacterial guanine synthesis. We employed a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches, enzyme activity assays, site-directed mutagenesis, bio-layer interferometry, and molecular docking assays to assess GV's antibacterial activity and its mechanism targeting GMPs. The results showed that GV effectively inhibits GMPs, disrupting bacterial guanine synthesis. This was confirmed through drug-resistant assays and direct enzyme inhibition studies. Bio-layer interferometry assays demonstrated specific binding of GV to GMPs, with dependency on Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate. Site-directed mutagenesis identified key residues crucial for the GV-GMP interaction. This study elucidates the antibacterial mechanism of GV, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent in agriculture. These findings contribute to the development of novel antibacterial agents and underscore the importance of exploring natural products for agricultural disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Plant Pathology Department, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Aifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junzhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xujun Chen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Plant Pathology Department, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangge Du
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Plant Pathology Department, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Plant Pathology Department, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Mao J, Zhang M, Dai W, Fu C, Wang Z, Wang X, Yao Q, Kong L, Qin J. Metabolic perturbation of Streptomyces albulus by introducing NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1328321. [PMID: 38328422 PMCID: PMC10847347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The available resources of Streptomyces represent a valuable repository of bioactive natural products that warrant exploration. Streptomyces albulus is primarily utilized in the industrial synthesis of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL). In this study, the NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapN) from Streptococcus mutans was heterologously expressed in S. albulus CICC11022, leading to elevated intracellular NADPH levels and reduced NADH and ATP concentrations. The resulting perturbation of S. albulus metabolism was comprehensively analyzed using transcriptomic and metabolomic methodologies. A decrease in production of ε-PL was observed. The expression of gapN significantly impacted on 23 gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. A comprehensive analysis revealed a total of 21 metabolites exhibiting elevated levels both intracellularly and extracellularly in the gapN expressing strain compared to those in the control strain. These findings underscore the potential of S. albulus to generate diverse bioactive natural products, thus offering valuable insights for the utilization of known Streptomyces resources through genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linghui Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiayang Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Xie J, Wicaksono WA, Lv Z, Berg G, Cernava T, Ge B. Rhizosphere bacteria show a stronger response to antibiotic-based biopesticide than to conventional pesticides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132035. [PMID: 37453358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant microbiota can substantially contribute to various functions related to host health, fitness, and productivity. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of the microbiota is beginning to be seen as a crucial factor in modern agriculture. Here, we evaluated the effects of two chemical pesticides (azoxystrobin and carbendazim) and an antibiotic-based biopesticide (wuyiencin) on the rhizosphere microbiome of tomato plants. It was found that all treatments resulted in changes in the bacterial community structure to varying degrees. The most pronounced changes were observed with the biopesticide, which resulted in an enrichment of Streptomyces in the microbiome. In contrast, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria decreased in samples that were treated with low and high dosages of carbendazim. Clostridia were enriched after the applications of azoxystrobin and wuyiencin. When functioning of the microbiome was assessed, it was shown that genes encoding multidrug efflux pumps and ABC transporters related to nutrient uptake were enriched. This enrichment is likely to overcome potentially negative effects linked to the exposure to the employed substances. The study provides new insights into the potential of different pesticides to modulate native plant microbiomes, and thus highlights the importance to include such evaluations when new active agents are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Zhaoyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10, Graz 8010, Austria; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10, Graz 8010, Austria; School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Beibei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yang M, Zhang W, Lv Z, Shi L, Zhang K, Ge B. Induced Defense Response in Soybean to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Using Wuyiencin from Streptomyces albulus CK-15. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:107-115. [PMID: 35771107 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0582-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, a destructive fungal pathogen with an extensive host range, causes major economic losses to crop production activities globally. Streptomyces spp. produce secondary metabolites with diverse structures and biological activities with potential applications in the control of crop disease. This study explored the potential application of wuyiencin, a secondary metabolite of Streptomyces albulus CK-15, to induce defense responses in soybean against S. sclerotiorum. Lesion size was reduced by nearly 60% in wuyiencin-treated soybean plants compared with plants infected with S. sclerotiorum only in greenhouse experiments. Wuyiencin induced callose deposition at 6 h postinoculation and increased reactive-oxygen-scavenging enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. Moreover, wuyiencin inoculated before S. sclerotiorum infection significantly increased polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase activity, suggesting their involvement in soybean defense responses to S. sclerotiorum. Further, qRT-PCR results showed expression levels of the hormone signaling markers CO11, MYC2, PR4, PR1, NPR1, and ERF1 were upregulated in infected leaves treated with wuyiencin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Lian C, Zhang M, Mao J, Liu Y, Wang X, Kong L, Yao Q, Qin J. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses for providing insights into the influence of polylysine synthetase on the metabolism of Streptomyces albulus. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:224. [PMID: 36307825 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is the main secondary metabolite of Streptomyces albulus, and it is widely used in the food industry. Polylysine synthetase (Pls) is the last enzyme in the ε-PL biosynthetic pathway. Our previous study revealed that Pls overexpressed in S. albulus CICC11022 result in the efficient production of ε-PL. In this study, a Pls gene knockout strain was initially constructed. Then, genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were integrated to study the effects of the high expression and knockout of Pls on the gene expression and metabolite synthesis of S. albulus. The high expression of Pls resulted in 598 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 425 known differential metabolites, whereas the inactivation of Pls resulted in 868 significant DEGs and 374 known differential metabolites. The expressions of 8 and 35 genes were negatively and positively associated with the Pls expression, respectively. Subsequently, the influence mechanism of the high expression and inactivation of Pls on the ε-PL biosynthetic pathway was elucidated. Twelve metabolites with 30% decreased yield in the high-expression strain of Pls but 30% increased production in the Pls knockout strain were identified. These results demonstrate the influence of Pls on the metabolism of S. albulus. The present work can provide the theoretical basis for improving the production capacity of ε-PL by means of metabolic engineering or developing bioactive substances derived from S. albulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Lian
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghui Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshou Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayang Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Lan X, Jia R, Hu L, Wang Y. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Mediated Optimization of Medium Components for Mycelial Growth and Metabolites Production of Streptomyces alfalfae XN-04. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091854. [PMID: 36144456 PMCID: PMC9501596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces alfalfae XN-04 has been reported for the production of antifungal metabolites effectively to control Fusarium wilt of cotton, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov). In this study, we used integrated statistical experimental design methods to investigate the optimized liquid fermentation medium components of XN-04, which can significantly increase the antifungal activity and biomass of XN-04. Seven variables, including soluble starch, KNO3, soybean cake powder, K2HPO4, MgSO4·7H2O, CaCO3 and FeSO4·7H2O, were identified as the best ingredients based on one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. The results of Plackett–Burman Design (PBD) showed that soluble starch, soybean cake powder and K2HPO4 were the most significant variables among the seven variables. The steepest climbing experiment and response surface methodology (RSM) were performed to determine the interactions among these three variables and fine-tune the concentrations. The optimal compositions of medium were as follows: soluble starch (26.26 g/L), KNO3 (1.00 g/L), soybean cake powder (23.54 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.27 g/L), MgSO4·7H2O (0.50 g/L), CaCO3 (1.00 g/L) and FeSO4·7H2O (0.10 g/L). A verification experiment was then carried out under the optimized conditions, and the results revealed the mycelial dry weight of S. alfalfae XN-04 reaching 6.61 g/L. Compared with the initial medium, a 7.47-fold increase in the biomass was achieved using the optimized medium. Moreover, the active ingredient was purified from the methanol extract of S. alfalfae XN-04 mycelium and then identified as roflamycoin (a polyene macrolide antibiotic). The results may provide new insights into the development of S. alfalfae XN-04 fermentation process and the control of the Fusarium wilt of cotton and other plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yang Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-187-9280-9011
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Pedersen CJ, Marzano SYL. Characterization of Transcriptional Responses to Genomovirus Infection of the White Mold Fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091892. [PMID: 36146699 PMCID: PMC9506476 DOI: 10.3390/v14091892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean leaf-associated gemygorvirus-1 (SlaGemV−1) is a CRESS-DNA virus classified in the family Genomoviridae, which causes hypovirulence and abolishes sclerotia formation in infected fungal pathogens under the family Sclerotiniaceae. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the induction of hypovirulence, RNA-Seq was compared between virus-free and SlaGemV−1-infected Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strain DK3. Overall, 4639 genes were differentially expressed, with 50.5% up regulated and 49.5% down regulated genes. GO enrichments suggest changes in integral membrane components and transmission electron microscopy images reveal virus-like particles localized near the inner cell membrane. Differential gene expression analysis focused on genes responsible for cell cycle and DNA replication and repair pathways, ubiquitin proteolysis, gene silencing, methylation, pathogenesis-related, sclerotial development, carbohydrate metabolism, and oxalic acid biosynthesis. Carbohydrate metabolism showed the most changes, with two glycoside hydrolase genes being the most down regulated by −2396.1- and −648.6-fold. Genes relating to pathogenesis showed consistent down regulation with the greatest being SsNep1, SsSSVP1, and Endo2 showing, −4555-, −14.7-, and −12.3-fold changes. The cell cycle and DNA replication/repair pathways were almost entirely up regulated including a putative cyclin and separase being up regulated 8.3- and 5.2-fold. The oxalate decarboxylase genes necessary for oxalic acid catabolism and oxalic acid precursor biosynthesis genes and its metabolism show down regulations of −17.2- and −12.1-fold changes. Sclerotial formation genes also appear differentially regulated including a melanin biosynthesis gene Pks1 and a sclerotia formation gene Sl2 with fold changes of 3.8 and −2.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J. Pedersen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Shin-Yi Lee Marzano
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yang M, Han X, Xie J, Zhang S, Lv Z, Li B, Shi L, Zhang K, Ge B. Field Application of Wuyiencin Against Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.930079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a devastating disease of soybean. Biological control is a potential alternative to chemical fungicides for disease management, and provides broad benefits to the environment, farmers and consumers. Herein, we established a field application technique for biocontrol of Sclerotinia stem rot in soybean using wuyiencin, expanding on a previous study showing biocontrol potential. We used wuyiencin to reduce sclerotia in soybean seed, and disease incidence analysis by seed bioassay revealed an optimal wuyiencin seed soaking concentration of 12.5 μg/mL. We found that different application methods had different effects on soybean plant growth. Soybean pot experiments showed that 100 μg/mL wuyiencin was obtained a significant disease protection effect and promote soybean growth through root irrigation, and the optimal concentration for wuyiencin spraying was 100–200 μg/mL. We tested the efficacy of applying wuyiencin under field conditions, and the protection effect of 200 μg/mL wuyiencin sprayed three times was the best (64.0%), but this was slightly inferior to the protection effect of 200 μg/mL dimethachlon (77.6%).
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Combining Desirable Traits for a Good Biocontrol Strategy against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061189. [PMID: 35744707 PMCID: PMC9228387 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae) causes white mold, a disease that leads to substantial losses on a wide variety of hosts throughout the world. This economically important fungus affects yield and seed quality, and its control mostly relies on the use of environmentally damaging fungicides. This review aimed to present the latest discoveries on microorganisms and the biocontrol mechanisms used against white mold. A special focus is put on the identification of biocontrol desirable traits required for efficient disease control. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved and the conditions required for their action is also essential to ensure a successful implementation of biocontrol under commercial field conditions. In this review, a brief introduction on the pathogen, its disease cycle, and its main pathogenicity factors is presented, followed by a thorough description of the microorganisms that have so far demonstrated biocontrol potential against white mold and the mechanisms they use to achieve control. Antibiosis, induced systemic resistance, mycoparasitism, and hypovirulence are discussed. Finally, based on our actual knowledge, the best control strategies against S. sclerotiorum that are likely to succeed commercially are discussed, including combining biocontrol desirable traits of particular interest.
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Lv Z, Lu Y, Li B, Shi L, Zhang K, Ge B. Effects of ε-Poly-L-Lysine Combined with Wuyiencin as a Bio-Fungicide against Botryris cinerea. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050971. [PMID: 35630418 PMCID: PMC9146948 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly evaluated the broad-spectrum fungicidal activity of ε-poly L lysine (ε-PL) against 12 pathogenic fungi. We further demonstrated synergistic antifungal activity of ε-PL combined with wuyiencin against Botryris cinerea. The combined bio-fungicide achieved an inhibition rate of 100% for mycelial growth using ε-PL at 500 μg/mL + wuyiencin at 50 μg/mL and for spore germination using ε-PL at 200 μg/mL + wuyiencin at 80 μg/mL in vitro. This synergistic spore and mycelia-damaging effect of the combination was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. In vivo assays with combined bio-fungicide (1500 μg/mL ε-PL + 60 μg/mL wuyiencin) on detached leaves showed depressed growth and development of the spores of B. cinerea. The synergistic effect was further tested in combinations of ε-PL with wuyiencin by measuring the fractional inhibition concentration index (FICI) value below 0.5. Moreover, ε-PL and wuyiencin inoculation before B. cinerea infection significantly increased the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities, which suggested their involvement in tomato defense responses to disease to minimize damage to B. cinerea. These findings revealed that a combined bio-fungicide comprising ε-PL and wuyiencin had a good prospect for controlling plant fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Lv
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Yanxuan Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Lingyusi Street, No. 289, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Boya Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Lingyusi Street, No. 289, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Liming Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kecheng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Beibei Ge
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62812640; Fax: +86-10-62815942
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