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Huang Z, Zhai J, Li Z, Yu L. Populus euphratica has stronger regrowth ability than Populus pruinosa under salinity stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14297. [PMID: 38634382 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Pest infestation and soil salinization levels are increasing due to climate change. Comprehending plant regrowth after insect damage and salinity stress is crucial to understanding climate change's multifactorial impacts on forest ecosystems. This study examined Populus euphratica and P. pruinosa regrowth after different defoliation levels combined with salinity stress. Specifically, the biomass and regrowth ability, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and nitrogen (N) pools in different organs and the whole plant, and the leaf Cl- concentration of both poplars were analyzed. Our results showed that after 50% defoliation and no salt addition, the regrowth of both species recovered similarly to the control level, while their regrowth was about 70% after 90% defoliation. However, under salinity stress, the regrowth (% leaf biomass) of P. euphratica was significantly higher than P. pruinose at either the 50% or 90% defoliation levels. Additionally, P. euphratica had more soluble sugar, starch, NSC and N pools in leaf, stem, root and whole plant than P. pruinose under salinity stress. The regrowth based on leaf biomass increased linearly with soluble sugar, starch, NSC and N pools, and decreased linearly with leaf Cl- concentration across different salinity and defoliation levels. These results indicated that defoliation significantly decreased NSC and N pools, limiting the growth of both poplars, and salinity stress exacerbated the negative effect. Furthermore, when suffering from salinity stress, P. euphratica with higher NSC and N pools exhibited stronger regrowth ability than P. pruinose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongdi Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juntuan Zhai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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GS A, Mayavathi NR NP, N.R. A, B.M. M, Sherpa DC, C A, Suresh A, Kammar S, M S, S S, B.N. G, Doss S G. Diversity of fungal pathogens in leaf spot disease of Indian mulberry and its management. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21750. [PMID: 38027777 PMCID: PMC10665727 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf spot disease in mulberry significantly affects silk production by reducing the nutritive quality of the leaves. This disease caused by various pathogens, regardless of the localities under the same climatic region. In the present investigation, an approximate incidence rate of 84 % was recorded in Karnataka based on surveys conducted in both farmer fields and germplasm locations. The causative agents have shown diversification, including new candidates such as Bipolaris sorokiniana, Curvularia lunata, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Epicoccum sorghinum. These findings mark the first report of these pathogens in Indian mulberry production. The investigation involved detailed pathogenicity assessments on the predominant mulberry silk production cultivar under controlled and field environments. Pathogens were identified using morpho-cultural, microscopic and phylogenetic analyses, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Various concentrations of fungicides, both individually and in combinations, were evaluated to identify effective measures for mitigating yield losses. Among the fungicides tested against the new pathogens, Hexaconazole 5 % SC and Hexaconazole 5 % + Captan 70 % WP demonstrated high promise and cost-effectiveness. Consequently, these fungicides could serve as immediate solutions to prevent further yield reduction. However, it is essential to conduct comprehensive field investigations before recommending them as standard practices. Future research endeavors should focus on assessing the extent of crop loss caused by these newly identified pathogens in mulberry cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunakumar GS
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Nisarga Pushpa Mayavathi NR
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Arya N.R.
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Monika B.M.
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Dolma Chhuden Sherpa
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupama C
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhil Suresh
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Supriya Kammar
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Supriya M
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Sruthi S
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Gnanesh B.N.
- Sampoorna International Institute of Agri Science & Horticultural Technology, Maddur, 571 433, Karnataka, India
| | - Gandhi Doss S
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
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Tuo Y, Dong Z, Wang X, Gao B, Zhu C, Tuo F. Metagenomics Reveal Correlations Between Microbial Organisms in Soils and the Health of Populus euphratica. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2095. [PMID: 33013765 PMCID: PMC7506035 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological diversity plays an important role in the stability of ecosystems. The Mu Us Desert (MUD), located in Northern China, is an aeolian desert. Although it has been governed by a series of ecological restoration programs, the MUD still has limited biological diversity. Populus euphratica (P. euphratica), a xerophytic plant, has great potential to improve the biological diversity of the MUD. However, the survival rate of P. euphratica in the MUD has been very low. The current study tried to explore the mechanism of the high death rate of P. euphratica in the microbiome perspective. The correlation study between soil community composition and soil properties showed that water-filled pore space (WFPS), pH, EC, AP, NO3 -, and NH4 + possess higher potential to change the bacterial community (18%) than the fungal community (9%). Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the composition of both bacteria (Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) and fungi (Ascomycota) in the root soil can be increased by P. euphratica. By systematically comparing between the fungal diversity in the root soil around P. euphratica and the pathogenic fungus extract from the pathogenic site of P. euphratica, we found that the high death rate of P. euphratica was associated with specific pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternate and Didymella glomerata. In addition, the microbiome composition analysis indicated that P. euphratica planting could also influence the portions of bacteria community, which also has great potential to lead to future infection. However, as the extraction and separation of bacteria from plants is challenging, the correlation between pathogenic bacteria and the high death rate of P. euphratica was not studied here and could be explored in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tuo
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhibao Dong
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunming Zhu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Tuo
- Greening Committee Office of Forestry Bureau of Yulin City, Yulin, China
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