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Kang IJ, Park Y, Roh E, Lee JH. Novel Single Nucleotide Variations Alter Pathogenicity in Korean Isolates of Erwinia amylovora. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1174-1178. [PMID: 38105454 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1836-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease, has become a serious threat to the pome fruit industry in Korea since 2015. In this study, we showed that two new isolates of E. amylovora, Ea17-2187 and Ea19-7, obtained from pear orchards in Anseong, Korea, exhibited unique pathogenicity compared with other isolates thus far. Both were nonpathogenic to immature apple fruits but occasionally caused disease on immature pear fruits at varying reduced rates. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that their genomes are highly similar to those of the type strains TS3128 and ATCC49946 but have different mutations in essential virulence regulatory genes. Ea17-2187 has a single nucleotide substitution in rcsC, which encodes the core components of the Rcs system that activates the exopolysaccharide amylovoran production. In contrast, Ea19-7 contains a single nucleotide insertion in hrpL, which encodes a master regulator of the type III secretion system. In both cases, the mutation can cause premature termination and production of truncated gene products, disrupting virulence regulation. Introduction of the nonmutated rcsC and hrpL genes into Ea17-2187 and Ea19-7, respectively, fully recovered pathogenicity, comparable with that of TS3128; hence, these mutations were responsible for the altered pathogenicity observed. Interestingly, virulence assays on immature pear fruits showed that the hrpL mutant of Ea19-7 was still pathogenic, although its virulence level was markedly reduced. Taken together, these results suggest that the two new isolates might act as opportunistic pathogens or cheaters and that some Korean isolates might have evolved to acquire alternative pathways for activating pathogenicity factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Kang
- Division of Crop Cultivation and Environment Research, National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon 16613, Korea
| | - Yejin Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunjung Roh
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55364, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Yang HW, Thapa R, Johnson K, DuPont ST, Khan A, Zhao Y. Examination of Large Chromosomal Inversions in the Genome of Erwinia amylovora Strains Reveals Worldwide Distribution and North America-Specific Types. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:2174-2186. [PMID: 36935376 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0004-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is a relatively homogeneous species with low genetic diversity at the nucleotide level. However, phenotypic differences and genomic structural variations among E. amylovora strains have been documented. In this study, we identified 10 large chromosomal inversion (LCI) types in the Spiraeoideae-infecting (SI) E. amylovora strains by combining whole genome sequencing and PCR-based molecular markers. It was found that LCIs were mainly caused by homologous recombination events among seven rRNA operons (rrns) in SI E. amylovora strains. Although ribotyping results identified inter- and intra-variations in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions among rrns, LCIs tend to occur between rrns transcribed in the opposite directions and with the same tRNA content (tRNA-Glu or tRNA-Ile/Ala) in ITS1. Based on the LCI types, physical/estimated replichore imbalance (PRI/ERI) was examined and calculated. Among the 117 SI strains evaluated, the LCI types of Ea1189, CFBP1430, and Ea273 were the most common, with ERI values at 1.31, 7.87, and 4.47°, respectively. These three LCI types had worldwide distribution, whereas the remaining seven LCI types were restricted to North America (or certain regions of the United States). Our results indicated ongoing chromosomal recombination events in the SI E. amylovora population and showed that LCI events are mostly symmetrical, keeping the ERI less than 15°. These findings provide initial evidence about the prevalence of certain LCI types in E. amylovora strains, how LCI occurs, and its potential evolutionary advantage and history, which might help track the movement of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Wen Yang
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Ranjita Thapa
- School of Integrative Plant Science Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Kenneth Johnson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | | | - Awais Khan
- School of Integrative Plant Science Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
- Department of Plant Pathology, WSU-IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350
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3
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Ham H, Park DS. Novel approach toward the understanding of genetic diversity based on the two types of amino acid repeats in Erwinia amylovora. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17876. [PMID: 37857695 PMCID: PMC10587187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is a notorious plant pathogenic bacterium of global concern that has devastated the apple and pear production industry worldwide. Nevertheless, the approaches available currently to understand the genetic diversity of E. amylovora remain unsatisfactory because of the lack of a trustworthy index and data covering the globally occurring E. amylovora strains; thus, their origin and distribution pattern remains ambiguous. Therefore, there is a growing need for robust approaches for obtaining this information via the comparison of the genomic structure of Amygdaloideae-infecting strains to understand their genetic diversity and distribution. Here, the whole-genome sequences of 245 E. amylovora strains available from the NCBI database were compared to identify intraspecific genes for use as an improved index for the simple classification of E. amylovora strains regarding their distribution. Finally, we discovered two kinds of strain-typing protein-encoding genes, i.e., the SAM-dependent methyltransferase and electron transport complex subunit RsxC. Interestingly, both of these proteins carried an amino acid repeat in these strains: SAM-dependent methyltransferase comprised a single-amino-acid repeat (asparagine), whereas RsxC carried a 40-amino-acid repeat, which was differentially distributed among the strains. These noteworthy findings and approaches may enable the exploration of the genetic diversity of E. amylovora from a global perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonheui Ham
- Crop Protection Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Suk Park
- Crop Protection Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Lee UJ, Oh Y, Kwon OS, Park JM, Cho HM, Kim DH, Kim M. Single-Cell Detection of Erwinia amylovora Using Bio-Functionalized SIS Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7400. [PMID: 37687855 PMCID: PMC10490433 DOI: 10.3390/s23177400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a bio-functionalized solution-immersed silicon (SIS) sensor at the single-cell level to identify Erwinia amylovora (E. amylovora), a highly infectious bacterial pathogen responsible for fire blight, which is notorious for its rapid spread and destructive impact on apple and pear orchards. This method allows for ultra-sensitive measurements without pre-amplification or labeling compared to conventional methods. To detect a single cell of E. amylovora, we used Lipopolysaccharide Transporter E (LptE), which is involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the surface of the outer membrane of E. amylovora, as a capture agent. We confirmed that LptE interacts with E. amylovora via LPS through in-house ELISA analysis, then used it to construct the sensor chip by immobilizing the capture molecule on the sensor surface modified with 3'-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The LptE-based SIS sensor exhibited the sensitive and specific detection of the target bacterial cell in real time. The dose-response curve shows a linearity (R2 > 0.992) with wide dynamic ranges from 1 to 107 cells/mL for the target bacterial pathogen. The sensor showed the value change (dΨ) of approximately 0.008° for growing overlayer thickness induced from a single-cell E. amylovora, while no change in the control bacterial cell (Bacillus subtilis) was observed, or negligible change, if any. Furthermore, the bacterial sensor demonstrated a potential for the continuous detection of E. amylovora through simple surface regeneration, enabling its reusability. Taken together, our system has the potential to be applied in fields where early symptoms are not observed and where single-cell or ultra-sensitive detection is required, such as plant bacterial pathogen detection, foodborne pathogen monitoring and analysis, and pathogenic microbial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui Jin Lee
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yunkwang Oh
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Mo Cho
- Division of Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Hyung Kim
- Division of Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
| | - Moonil Kim
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
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Dentika P, Blazy JM, Alleyne A, Petro D, Eversley A, Penet L. High Genetic Diversity and Structure of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.l. in the Archipelago of Lesser Antilles. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:619. [PMID: 37367555 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a species complex of agricultural importance as it causes anthracnose disease on many crop species worldwide, and strong impact regionally on Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) in the Caribbean. In this study, we conducted a genetic analysis of the fungi complex in three islands of the Lesser Antilles-Guadeloupe (Basse Terre, Grande Terre and Marie Galante), Martinique and Barbados. We specifically sampled yam fields and assessed the genetic diversity of strains with four microsatellite markers. We found a very high genetic diversity of all strains on each island, and intermediate to strong levels of genetic structure between islands. Migration rates were quite diverse either within (local dispersal) or between islands (long-distance dispersal), suggesting important roles of vegetation and climate as local barriers, and winds as an important factor in long-distance migration. Three distinct genetic clusters highlighted different species entities, though there was also evidence of frequent intermediates between two clusters, suggesting recurrent recombination between putative species. Together, these results demonstrated asymmetries in gene flow both between islands and clusters, and suggested the need for new approaches to anthracnose disease risk control at a regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Dentika
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'Agriculture, L'Alimentation et L'Environnement (INRAE), Research Unit ASTRO, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jean-Marc Blazy
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'Agriculture, L'Alimentation et L'Environnement (INRAE), Research Unit ASTRO, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Angela Alleyne
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cave Hill Campus, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Dalila Petro
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'Agriculture, L'Alimentation et L'Environnement (INRAE), Research Unit ASTRO, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | | | - Laurent Penet
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'Agriculture, L'Alimentation et L'Environnement (INRAE), Research Unit ASTRO, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
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Jo SJ, Kim SG, Lee YM, Giri SS, Kang JW, Lee SB, Jung WJ, Hwang MH, Park J, Cheng C, Roh E, Park SC. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential and Characterization of Novel T7-Like Erwinia Bacteriophages. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020180. [PMID: 36829459 PMCID: PMC9953017 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of blight in pome fruit plants has been a major concern as there are two indistinguishable Erwinia species, Erwinia amylovora and E. pyrifoliae, which cause blight in South Korea. Although there is a strict management protocol consisting of antibiotic-based prevention, the area and the number of cases of outbreaks have increased. In this study, we isolated four bacteriophages, pEp_SNUABM_03, 04, 11, and 12, that infect both E. amylovora and E. pyrifoliae and evaluated their potential as antimicrobial agents for administration against Erwinia-originated blight in South Korea. Morphological analysis revealed that all phages had podovirus-like capsids. The phage cocktail showed a broad spectrum of infectivity, infecting 98.91% of E. amylovora and 100% of E. pyrifoliae strains. The antibacterial effect was observed after long-term cocktail treatment against E. amylovora, whereas it was observed for both short- and long-term treatments against E. pyrifoliae. Genomic analysis verified that the phages did not encode harmful genes such as antibiotic resistance or virulence genes. All phages were stable under general orchard conditions. Collectively, we provided basic data on the potential of phages as biocontrol agents that target both E. amylovora and E. pyrifoliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Cheng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Eunjung Roh
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-1282; Fax: +82-2-873-1213
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Albanese D, Cainelli C, Gualandri V, Larger S, Pindo M, Donati C. Genome sequencing provides new insights on the distribution of Erwinia amylovora lineages in northern Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:584-590. [PMID: 35484918 PMCID: PMC9544390 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes a wide variety of plant species causing recurrent local outbreaks of fire blight in crops of the Rosaceae family. Recent genomic surveys have documented the limited genomic diversity of this species, possibly related to a recent evolutionary bottleneck and a strong correlation between geography and phylogenetic structure of the species. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the genetic variability of co-circulating strains during local outbreaks. Here, we report the genome sequences of 82 isolates of E. amylovora, collected from different host plants in a period of 16 years in Trentino, a small region in the Northeastern Italian Alps that has been characterized by recurrent outbreaks of fire blight in apple orchards. While the genome isolated before 2018 are closely related to other strains already present in Europe, we found a novel subclade composed only by isolates that were sampled starting from 2018 and demonstrate that the endemic population of this pathogen can be composed by mixture of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Albanese
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1San Michele all'Adige38010Italy
| | - Christian Cainelli
- Center for Technology Transfer, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1San Michele all'Adige38010Italy
| | - Valeria Gualandri
- Center for Technology Transfer, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1San Michele all'Adige38010Italy
- Center of Agriculture, Food and Environment (C3A)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Simone Larger
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1San Michele all'Adige38010Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1San Michele all'Adige38010Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1San Michele all'Adige38010Italy
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Mendes RJ, Amaro C, Luz JP, Tavares F, Santos C. Variability within a clonal population of Erwinia amylovora disclosed by phenotypic analysis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13695. [PMID: 35891645 PMCID: PMC9308965 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fire blight is a destructive disease of pome trees, caused by Erwinia amylovora, leading to high losses of chain-of-values fruits. Major outbreaks were registered between 2010 and 2017 in Portugal, and the first molecular epidemiological characterization of those isolates disclosed a clonal population with different levels of virulence and susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides. Methods This work aimed to further disclose the genetic characterization and unveil the phenotypic diversity of this E. amylovora population, resorting to MLSA, growth kinetics, biochemical characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility. Results While MLSA further confirmed the genetic clonality of those isolates, several phenotypic differences were recorded regarding their growth, carbon sources preferences, and chemical susceptibility to several antibiotics, disclosing a heterogeneous population. Principal component analysis regarding the phenotypic traits allows to separate the strains Ea 630 and Ea 680 from the remaining. Discussion Regardless the genetic clonality of these E. amylovora strains isolated from fire blight outbreaks, the phenotypic characterization evidenced a population diversity beyond the genotype clonality inferred by MLSA and CRISPR, suggesting that distinct sources or environmental adaptations of this pathogen may have occurred. Conclusion Attending the characteristic clonality of E. amylovora species, the data gathered here emphasizes the importance of phenotypic assessment of E. amylovora isolates to better understand their epidemiological behavior, namely by improving source tracking, make risk assessment analysis, and determine strain-specific environmental adaptations, that might ultimately lead to prevent new outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J. Mendes
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal,CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Conceição Amaro
- QRural, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Luz
- QRural, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Mendes RJ, Sario S, Luz JP, Tassi N, Teixeira C, Gomes P, Tavares F, Santos C. Evaluation of Three Antimicrobial Peptides Mixtures to Control the Phytopathogen Responsible for Fire Blight Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122637. [PMID: 34961108 PMCID: PMC8705937 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fire blight is a severe bacterial plant disease that affects important chain-of-value fruit trees such as pear and apple trees. This disease is caused by Erwinia amylovora, a quarantine phytopathogenic bacterium, which, although highly distributed worldwide, still lacks efficient control measures. The green revolution paradigm demands sustainable agriculture practices, for which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently caught much attention. The goal of this work was to disclose the bioactivity of three peptides mixtures (BP100:RW-BP100, BP100:CA-M, and RW-BP100:CA-M), against three strains of E. amylovora representing distinct genotypes and virulence (LMG 2024, Ea 630 and Ea 680). The three AMPs' mixtures were assayed at eight different equimolar concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 6 μM (1:1). Results showed MIC and MBC values between 2.5 and 4 μM for every AMP mixture and strain. Regarding cell viability, flow cytometry and alamarBlue reduction, showed high reduction (>25%) of viable cells after 30 min of AMP exposure, depending on the peptide mixture and strain assayed. Hypersensitive response in tobacco plants showed that the most efficient AMPs mixtures and concentrations caused low to no reaction of the plant. Altogether, the AMPs mixtures studied are better treatment solutions to control fire blight disease than the same AMPs applied individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J. Mendes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CIBIO—Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agrário de Vairão, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Sario
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Luz
- QRural, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, School of Agriculture, 6000-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal;
| | - Natália Tassi
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Paula Gomes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- CIBIO—Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agrário de Vairão, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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In Vitro Evaluation of Five Antimicrobial Peptides against the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040554. [PMID: 33918933 PMCID: PMC8069920 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire blight is a major pome fruit trees disease that is caused by the quarantine phytopathogenic Erwinia amylovora, leading to major losses, namely, in pear and apple productions. Nevertheless, no effective sustainable control treatments and measures have yet been disclosed. In that regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as an alternative biomolecule against pathogens but some of those AMPs have yet to be tested against E. amylovora. In this study, the potential of five AMPs (RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) together with BP100, were assessed to control E. amylovora. Antibiograms, minimal inhibitory, and bactericidal concentrations (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), growth and IC50 were determined and membrane permeabilization capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and colony-forming units (CFUs) plate counting. For the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for RW-BP100 and CA-M (5 and 5–8 µM, respectively for both MIC and MBC), whilst for IC50 RW-BP100 presented higher efficiency (2.8 to 3.5 µM). Growth curves for the first concentrations bellow MIC showed that these AMPs delayed E. amylovora growth. Flow cytometry disclosed faster membrane permeabilization for CA-M. These results highlight the potential of RW-BP100 and CA-M AMPs as sustainable control measures against E. amylovora.
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