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Nguyen-Huu T, Doré J, Aït Barka E, Lavire C, Clément C, Vial L, Sanchez L. Development of a DNA-Based Real-Time PCR Assay To Quantify Allorhizobium vitis Over Time in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) Plantlets. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:384-391. [PMID: 32734845 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-20-0732-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Allorhizobium vitis is the primary causal pathogen of grapevine crown gall disease. Because this endophytic bacterium can survive as a systemic latent (symptomless) infection in grapevine, detecting and monitoring its development in planta is of great importance. In plant bacteria studies, plate counting is routinely used as a simple and reliable method to evaluate the bacterial population level in planta. However, isolation techniques are time-consuming and present some disadvantages such as the risk of contamination and the need for fresh samples for research. In this study, we developed a DNA-based real-time PCR assay that can replace the classical method to monitor the development of Allorhizobium vitis in grapevine plantlets. Primers targeting Allorhizobium vitis chromosomic genes and the virulent tumor-inducing plasmid were validated. The proposed quantitative real-time PCR technique is highly reliable and reproducible to assess Allorhizobium vitis numeration at the earliest stage of infection until tumor development in grapevine plantlets. Moreover, this low-cost technique provides rapid and robust in planta quantification of the pathogen and is suitable for fundamental research to monitor bacterial development over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Nguyen-Huu
- Unité EA 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Jeanne Doré
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, VetAgro Sup, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Essaïd Aït Barka
- Unité EA 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Céline Lavire
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, VetAgro Sup, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité EA 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Ludovic Vial
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, VetAgro Sup, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- Unité EA 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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The Ecology of Agrobacterium vitis and Management of Crown Gall Disease in Vineyards. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 418:15-53. [PMID: 29556824 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium vitis is the primary causal agent of grapevine crown gall worldwide. Symptoms of grapevine crown gall disease include tumor formation on the aerial plant parts, whereas both tumorigenic and nontumorigenic strains of A. vitis cause root necrosis. Genetic and genomic analyses indicated that A. vitis is distinguishable from the members of the Agrobacterium genus and its transfer to the genus Allorhizobium was suggested. A. vitis is genetically diverse, with respect to both chromosomal and plasmid DNA. Its pathogenicity is mainly determined by a large conjugal tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid characterized by a mosaic structure with conserved and variable regions. Traditionally, A. vitis Ti plasmids and host strains were differentiated into octopine/cucumopine, nopaline, and vitopine groups, based on opine markers. However, tumorigenic and nontumorigenic strains of A. vitis may carry other ecologically important plasmids, such as tartrate- and opine-catabolic plasmids. A. vitis colonizes vines endophytically. It is also able to survive epiphytically on grapevine plants and is detected in soil exclusively in association with grapevine plants. Because A. vitis persists systemically in symptomless grapevine plants, it can be efficiently disseminated to distant geographical areas via international trade of propagation material. The use of healthy planting material in areas with no history of the crown gall represents the crucial measure of disease management. Moreover, biological control and production of resistant grape varieties are encouraging as future control measures.
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