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Abbas A, Ali A, Hussain A, Ali A, Alrefaei AF, Naqvi SAH, Rao MJ, Mubeen I, Farooq T, Ölmez F, Baloch FS. Assessment of Genetic Variability and Evolutionary Relationships of Rhizoctonia solani Inherent in Legume Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2515. [PMID: 37447079 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most common soil-borne fungal pathogens of legume crops worldwide. We collected rDNA-ITS sequences from NCBI GenBank, and the aim of this study was to examine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of various R. solani anastomosis groups (AGs) that are commonly associated with grain legumes (such as soybean, common bean, pea, peanut, cowpea, and chickpea) and forage legumes (including alfalfa and clover). Soybean is recognized as a host for multiple AGs, with AG-1 and AG-2 being extensively investigated. This is evidenced by the higher representation of sequences associated with these AGs in the NCBI GenBank. Other AGs documented in soybean include AG-4, AG-7, AG-11, AG-5, AG-6, and AG-9. Moreover, AG-4 has been extensively studied concerning its occurrence in chickpea, pea, peanut, and alfalfa. Research on the common bean has been primarily focused on AG-2, AG-4, and AG-1. Similarly, AG-1 has been the subject of extensive investigation in clover and cowpea. Collectively, AG-1, AG-2, and AG-4 have consistently been identified and studied across these diverse legume crops. The phylogenetic analysis of R. solani isolates across different legumes indicates that the distinct clades or subclades formed by the isolates correspond to their specific anastomosis groups (AGs) and subgroups, rather than being determined by their host legume crop. Additionally, there is a high degree of sequence similarity among isolates within the same clade or subclade. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) further supports this finding, as isolates belonging to the same AGs and/or subgroups cluster together, irrespective of their host legume. Therefore, the observed clustering of R. solani AGs and subgroups without a direct association with the host legume crop provides additional support for the concept of AGs in understanding the genetic relationships and evolution of R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqleem Abbas
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas 58140, Türkiye
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Iqra Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fatih Ölmez
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas 58140, Türkiye
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas 58140, Türkiye
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Akber MA, Mubeen M, Sohail MA, Khan SW, Solanki MK, Khalid R, Abbas A, Divvela PK, Zhou L. Global distribution, traditional and modern detection, diagnostic, and management approaches of Rhizoctonia solani associated with legume crops. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1091288. [PMID: 36815202 PMCID: PMC9939780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1091288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable development relies heavily on a food system that is both safe and secure. Several approaches may lead to sustainability and food safety. An increase in the cultivation of legume crops is one of the approaches for enhancing agricultural viability and ensuring adequate food supply. Legumes may increase daily intake of fiber, folate, and protein as substitutes for meat and dairy. They are also crucial in various intercropping systems worldwide. However, legume production has been hampered by Rhizoctonia solani due to its destructive lifestyle. R. solani causes blights, damping off, and rotting diseases in legume crops. Our knowledge of the global distribution of R. solani associated with legume crops (alfalfa, soybean, chickpea, pea, lentil, common bean, and peanut), detection, diagnosis, and management of legume crops diseases caused by R. solani is limited. Traditional approaches rely on the incubation of R. solani, visual examination of symptoms on host legume crops, and microscopy identification. However, these approaches are time-consuming, require technical expertise, fail to detect a minimal amount of inoculum, and are unreliable. Biochemical and molecular-based approaches have been used with great success recently because of their excellent sensitivity and specificity. Along with conventional PCR, nested PCR, multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, magnetic-capture hybridization PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification have been widely used to detect and diagnose R. solani. In the future, Next-generation sequencing will likely be used to a greater extent to detect R. solani. This review outlines global distribution, survival, infection and disease cycle, traditional, biochemical, molecular, and next-generation sequencing detection and diagnostic approaches, and an overview of the resistant resources and other management strategies to cope with R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah Akber
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Sohail
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sher Wali Khan
- Department of Plant Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, the University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rida Khalid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqleem Abbas
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Department of Plant Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Aqleem Abbas, ✉
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China,Lei Zhou, ✉
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Abbas A, Mubeen M, Sohail MA, Solanki MK, Hussain B, Nosheen S, Kashyap BK, Zhou L, Fang X. Root rot a silent alfalfa killer in China: Distribution, fungal, and oomycete pathogens, impact of climatic factors and its management. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961794. [PMID: 36033855 PMCID: PMC9403511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa plays a significant role in the pasture ecosystems of China's north, northeast, and northwest regions. It is an excellent forage for livestock, improves soil structure, prevents soil erosion, and has ecological benefits. Presently root rot is a significant threat to the alfalfa productivity because of the survival of the pathogens as soil-borne and because of lack of microbial competition in the impoverished nutrient-deficient soils and resistant cultivars. Furthermore, these regions' extreme ecological and environmental conditions predispose alfalfa to root rot. Moisture and temperature, in particular, have a considerable impact on the severity of root rot. Pathogens such as Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani are predominant, frequently isolated, and of major concern. These pathogens work together as disease complexes, so finding a host genotype resistant to disease complexes is challenging. Approaches to root rot control in these regions include mostly fungicides treatments and cultural practices and very few reports on the usage of biological control agents. As seed treatment, fungicides such as carbendazim are frequently used to combat root rot; however, resistance to fungicides has arisen. However, breeding and transgenic approaches could be more efficient and sustainable long-term control strategies, especially if resistance to disease complexes may be identified. Yet, research in China is mainly limited to field investigation of root rot and disease resistance evaluation. In this review, we describe climatic conditions of pastoral regions and the role of alfalfa therein and challenges of root rot, the distribution of root rot in the world and China, and the impact of root rot pathogens on alfalfa in particular R. solani and Fusarium spp., effects of environmental factors on root rot and summarize to date disease management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqleem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Sohail
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Babar Hussain
- Department of Plant Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Nosheen
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Brijendra Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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