1
|
Li D, Sujata S, Kang K, Pang H, Li Y, Hou C, Jelkmann W, Wu Y, Zhao L. Polysaccharide Peptide Treatment Eliminates Strawberry Viruses and Promotes Strawberry Plant Growth and Rooting in Tissue Culture Media. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS10232226RE. [PMID: 38319628 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-23-2226-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Based on our previous finding that polysaccharide peptide (PSP) has substantial antiviral activity, we cultured strawberry plants infected with strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) or strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with PSP to test its ability to eliminate these viruses. PSP not only improved the elimination of SMYEV and SVBV but also promoted the growth and rooting of strawberry plants in tissue culture. On the 45th day, the average height of the 'Ningyu' strawberry plants in the 1-mg/ml PSP treatment group was 1.91 cm, whereas that of the plants in the control group was 1.51 cm. After the same time point, the number of new leaves on the tissue culture media supplemented with 1 mg/ml and 500 μg/ml of PSP and without PSP were 4.92, 4.41, and 3.53, respectively. PSP also promoted strawberry rooting and significantly increased both the length and number of roots. In addition, after treatment with the 1-mg/ml PSP treatment in tissue culture for 45 days followed by meristem-shoot-tip culture, the elimination rates of SMYEV and SVBV in regenerated 'Ningyu' strawberry plants ranged from 60 to 100%. This study investigated the use of the antiviral agent PSP for virus elimination. PSP has a low production cost and thus has great application potential for virus elimination in crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shrestha Sujata
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanyu Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiting Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wilhelm Jelkmann
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bettoni JC, Wang MR, Li JW, Fan X, Fazio G, Hurtado-Gonzales OP, Volk GM, Wang QC. Application of Biotechniques for In Vitro Virus and Viroid Elimination in Pome Fruit Crops. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:930-954. [PMID: 38408117 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-23-0232-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable production of pome fruit crops is dependent upon having virus-free planting materials. The production and distribution of plants derived from virus- and viroid-negative sources is necessary not only to control pome fruit viral diseases but also for sustainable breeding activities, as well as the safe movement of plant materials across borders. With variable success rates, different in vitro-based techniques, including shoot tip culture, micrografting, thermotherapy, chemotherapy, and shoot tip cryotherapy, have been employed to eliminate viruses from pome fruits. Higher pathogen eradication efficiencies have been achieved by combining two or more of these techniques. An accurate diagnosis that confirms complete viral elimination is crucial for developing effective management strategies. In recent years, considerable efforts have resulted in new reliable and efficient virus detection methods. This comprehensive review documents the development and recent advances in biotechnological methods that produce healthy pome fruit plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Bettoni
- Independent Researcher, 35 Brasil Correia Street, Videira, SC 89560510, Brazil
| | - Min-Rui Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Jing-Wei Li
- Institute of Vegetable Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xudong Fan
- National Center for Eliminating Viruses from Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Pomology of CAAS, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - Oscar P Hurtado-Gonzales
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Gayle M Volk
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO 80521, U.S.A
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anikina I, Kamarova A, Issayeva K, Issakhanova S, Mustafayeva N, Insebayeva M, Mukhamedzhanova A, Khan SM, Ahmad Z, Lho LH, Han H, Raposo A. Plant protection from virus: a review of different approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163270. [PMID: 37377807 PMCID: PMC10291191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes methods for controlling plant viral infection. The high harmfulness of viral diseases and the peculiarities of viral pathogenesis impose special requirements regarding developing methods to prevent phytoviruses. The control of viral infection is complicated by the rapid evolution, variability of viruses, and the peculiarities of their pathogenesis. Viral infection in plants is a complex interdependent process. The creation of transgenic varieties has caused much hope in the fight against viral pathogens. The disadvantages of genetically engineered approaches include the fact that the resistance gained is often highly specific and short-lived, and there are bans in many countries on the use of transgenic varieties. Modern prevention methods, diagnosis, and recovery of planting material are at the forefront of the fight against viral infection. The main techniques used for the healing of virus-infected plants include the apical meristem method, which is combined with thermotherapy and chemotherapy. These methods represent a single biotechnological complex method of plant recovery from viruses in vitro culture. It widely uses this method for obtaining non-virus planting material for various crops. The disadvantages of the tissue culture-based method of health improvement include the possibility of self-clonal variations resulting from the long-term cultivation of plants under in vitro conditions. The possibilities of increasing plant resistance by stimulating their immune system have expanded, which results from the in-depth study of the molecular and genetic bases of plant resistance toward viruses and the investigation of the mechanisms of induction of protective reactions in the plant organism. The existing methods of phytovirus control are ambiguous and require additional research. Further study of the genetic, biochemical, and physiological features of viral pathogenesis and the development of a strategy to increase plant resistance to viruses will allow a new level of phytovirus infection control to be reached.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Anikina
- Biotechnology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidana Kamarova
- Biology and Ecology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuralay Issayeva
- Biotechnology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Madina Insebayeva
- Biotechnology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Linda Heejung Lho
- College of Business, Division of Tourism and Hotel Management, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Sun J, Wang J, Sujata S, Huang Q, Hou C, Wu Y, Zhao L. Efficient Elimination of Actinidia Chlorotic Ringspot-Associated Virus from Infected Kiwifruit Shoots Cultured In Vitro. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:34-37. [PMID: 35787011 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1101-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, methods of Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV) elimination by shoot tip culture, thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture, and chemotherapy followed by shoot tip culture were explored. The results showed that the AcCRaV elimination rate was 23.3% when the secondary shoot tip culture method was used and when the shoot tip length was less than 0.5 mm. The AcCRaV elimination rate was 100% when thermotherapy (36°C [day] and 32°C [night]) was applied for 20 days followed by shoot tip culture (shoot tip length less than 1.0 mm). When shoot segments were treated with ribavirin at 15 µg/ml for 2 months followed by shoot tip culture, the elimination rate of AcCRaV was 100% (shoot tip length less than 1.0 mm). When shoot segments were treated with ribavirin at 25 µg/ml for 2 months followed by shoot tip culture, the elimination rate of AcCRaV was 100% (shoot tip length less than 1.5 mm). This is the first report on kiwifruit virus elimination methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shrestha Sujata
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang MR, Bi WL, Ren L, Zhang AL, Ma XY, Zhang D, Volk GM, Wang QC. Micrografting: An Old Dog Plays New Tricks in Obligate Plant Pathogens. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2545-2557. [PMID: 35350886 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0475-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micrografting, which was developed almost 50 years ago, has long been used for virus eradication, micropropagation, regeneration, rejuvenation, and graft compatibility. Recently, micrografting has been used for studies of long-distance trafficking and signaling of molecules between scions and rootstocks. The graft transmissiveness of obligate plant pathogens, such as viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas, facilitated the use of micrografting to study biological indexing and pathogen transmission, pathogen-induced graft incompatibility, and screening for the pathogen resistance during the past 20 years. The present study provides comprehensive information on the latter subjects. Finally, prospects are proposed to direct further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Rui Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Region, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Lu Bi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Li Ren
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, P.R. China
| | - A-Ling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Gayle M Volk
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, U.S.A
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ebrahimi M, Habashi AA, Emadpour M, Kazemi N. Recovery of virus-free Almond (Prunus dulcis) cultivars by somatic embryogenesis from meristem undergone thermotherapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14948. [PMID: 36056089 PMCID: PMC9440082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the world's main horticulture problems is the contamination of fruit trees with a variety of plant diseases, especially viral and pseudo-viral diseases. Due to the non-sexual propagation of the trees, these diseases have been transmitted to different parts of the world. The main aim of this study was to obtain a new effective method for virus elimination from almond cultivars, which was performed in two phases. In the first phase, we tested various almond cultivars with ELISA and RT-PCR. The results showed the infection of mother plantlets. So, three types of in vitro thermotherapy treatments were performed on infected plants to make them virus-free. The plantlets obtained from 0.5 mm meristem treated with the first type of thermotherapy (TH1: 8 h at 27 °C and 16 h at 38 °C for 18 days) showed the highest percentage of elimination of ApM, ACLS and TRS viruses. In the second phase, meristems were cultured on MS medium containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L 2,4-D with 1 mg/L TDZ and after two weeks, thermotherapy treatments were performed. The results showed, combining three methods of thermotherapy (TH1), meristem culture and somatic embryogenesis induction from meristem on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L TDZ is the most effective and safe technique for virus eradication without meristem size challenges. The samples that were diagnosed as virus-free were proliferated in temporary immersion bioreactor systems, and rooted to be used for later propagation and establishment of mother healthy orchards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ebrahimi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Habashi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Emadpour
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Kazemi
- Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bettoni JC, Mathew L, Pathirana R, Wiedow C, Hunter DA, McLachlan A, Khan S, Tang J, Nadarajan J. Eradication of Potato Virus S, Potato Virus A, and Potato Virus M From Infected in vitro-Grown Potato Shoots Using in vitro Therapies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878733. [PMID: 35665190 PMCID: PMC9161163 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Certain viruses dramatically affect yield and quality of potatoes and have proved difficult to eradicate with current approaches. Here, we describe a reliable and efficient virus eradication method that is high throughput and more efficacious at producing virus-free potato plants than current reported methods. Thermotherapy, chemotherapy, and cryotherapy treatments were tested alone and in combination for ability to eradicate single and mixed Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus A (PVA), and Potato virus M (PVM) infections from three potato cultivars. Chemotherapy treatments were undertaken on in vitro shoot segments for four weeks in culture medium supplemented with 100 mg L-1 ribavirin. Thermotherapy on in vitro shoot segments was applied for two weeks at 40°C (day) and 28°C (night) with a 16 h photoperiod. Plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) and cryotherapy treatments included a shoot tip preculture followed by exposure to PVS2 either without or with liquid nitrogen (LN, cryotherapy) treatment. The virus status of control and recovered plants following therapies was assessed in post-regeneration culture after 3 months and then retested in plants after they had been growing in a greenhouse for a further 3 months. Microtuber production was investigated using in vitro virus-free and virus-infected segments. We found that thermotherapy and cryotherapy (60 min PVS2 + LN) used alone were not effective in virus eradication, while chemotherapy was better but with variable efficacy (20-100%). The most effective result (70-100% virus eradication) was obtained by combining chemotherapy with cryotherapy, or by consecutive chemotherapy, combined chemotherapy and thermotherapy, then cryotherapy treatments irrespective of cultivar. Regrowth following the two best virus eradication treatments was similar ranging from 8.6 to 29% across the three cultivars. The importance of virus removal on yield was reflected in "Dunluce" free of PVS having higher numbers of microtubers and in "V500' free of PVS and PVA having a greater proportion of microtubers > 5 mm. Our improved procedure has potential for producing virus-free planting material for the potato industry. It could also underpin the global exchange of virus-free germplasm for conservation and breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Bettoni
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Liya Mathew
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ranjith Pathirana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Claudia Wiedow
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Donald A. Hunter
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Andrew McLachlan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Subuhi Khan
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joe Tang
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jayanthi Nadarajan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bettoni JC, Fazio G, Carvalho Costa L, Hurtado-Gonzales OP, Rwahnih MA, Nedrow A, Volk GM. Thermotherapy Followed by Shoot Tip Cryotherapy Eradicates Latent Viruses and Apple Hammerhead Viroid from In Vitro Apple Rootstocks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050582. [PMID: 35270052 PMCID: PMC8912313 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Virus and viroid-free apple rootstocks are necessary for large-scale nursery propagation of apple (Malus domestica) trees. Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) are among the most serious apple viruses that are prevalent in most apple growing regions. In addition to these viruses, a new infectious agent named Apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd) has been identified. We investigated whether thermotherapy or cryotherapy alone or a combination of both could effectively eradicate ACLSV, ASGV, and AHVd from in vitro cultures of four apple rootstocks developed in the Cornell-Geneva apple rootstock breeding program (CG 2034, CG 4213, CG 5257, and CG 6006). For thermotherapy treatments, in vitro plants were treated for four weeks at 36 °C (day) and 32 °C (night). Plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) and cryotherapy treatments included a shoot tip preculture in 2 M glycerol + 0.8 M sucrose for one day followed by exposure to PVS2 for 60 or 75 min at 22 °C, either without or with liquid nitrogen (LN, cryotherapy) exposure. Combinations of thermotherapy and PVS2/cryotherapy treatments were also performed. Following treatments, shoot tips were warmed, recovered on growth medium, transferred to the greenhouse, grown, placed in dormancy inducing conditions, and then grown again prior to sampling leaves for the presence of viruses and viroids. Overall, thermotherapy combined with cryotherapy treatment resulted in the highest percentage of virus- and viroid-free plants, suggesting great potential for producing virus- and viroid-free planting materials for the apple industry. Furthermore, it could also be a valuable tool to support the global exchange of apple germplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Bettoni
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; (G.F.); (A.N.)
| | - Larissa Carvalho Costa
- USDA-APHIS Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, 9901 Powder Mill Road, Bldg 580, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (L.C.C.); (O.P.H.-G.)
| | - Oscar P. Hurtado-Gonzales
- USDA-APHIS Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, 9901 Powder Mill Road, Bldg 580, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (L.C.C.); (O.P.H.-G.)
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Abby Nedrow
- USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; (G.F.); (A.N.)
| | - Gayle M. Volk
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang MR, Pang T, Lian Z, Wang QC, Sun L. Long-Term Preservation of Plant Viruses in Cryopreserved Shoot Tips. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2400:187-195. [PMID: 34905202 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Availability of the methods for long-term virus preservation facilitates easy acquirement of viruses, which are needed in many basic and applied virological studies. Cryopreservation is currently considered an ideal means for long-term preservation of plant germplasm. Recent studies have shown that cryopreservation provided an efficient and reliable method for long-term preservation of plant viruses. Here, we describe the detailed procedures of droplet vitrification for long-term preservation of apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), which represents a type of viruses that can invade meristematic cells of the shoot tips, and potato leafroll virus (PLRV), which is a phloem-limited virus that does not infect the apical meristem. Shoot tip cryopreservation provides an advantageous strategy for the long-term preservation of plant viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianxing Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziqian Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan K, Du X, Mao B. Production of Virus-Free Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) by Tissue Culture Techniques. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2400:171-186. [PMID: 34905201 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Almost all plants in their natural environment are commonly infected by viruses. These viral infections can cause devastating diseases and result in severe yield and economic losses, making viral diseases an important limiting factor for agricultural production and sustainable development. However, these losses can be effectively reduced through the productions and applications of virus-free plantlets. In vitro culture techniques are the most successful approaches for efficient eradication of various viruses from almost all the most economically important crops. Techniques for producing virus-free plantlets include meristem tip culture, somatic embryogenesis, chemotherapy, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, shoot tip cryotherapy, and micrografting. Among them, meristem tip culture is currently the most widely used. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for producing virus-free plantlets of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat using tissue culture techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keru Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Du
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bizeng Mao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grapevine Shoot Tip Cryopreservation and Cryotherapy: Secure Storage of Disease-Free Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102190. [PMID: 34685999 PMCID: PMC8541583 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Grapevine breeding programs require access to high-quality Vitis cultivars and wild species, which may be maintained within genebanks. Shoot tip cryopreservation is a valuable technique for the safe, long-term conservation of Vitis genetic resources that complements traditional field and in vitro germplasm collections. Vitis is highly susceptible to virus infections. Virus-free plants are required as propagation material for clonally propagated germplasm, and also for the global exchange of grapevine genetic resources. Shoot tip cryotherapy, a method based on cryopreservation, has proven to be effective in eradicating viruses from infected plants, including grapevine. This comprehensive review outlines/documents the advances in Vitis shoot tip cryopreservation and cryotherapy that have resulted in healthy plants with high regrowth levels across diverse Vitis species.
Collapse
|
12
|
Magyar-Tábori K, Mendler-Drienyovszki N, Hanász A, Zsombik L, Dobránszki J. Phytotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects on the In Vitro Shoot Cultures Caused by Virus Elimination Treatments: Reasons and Solutions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040670. [PMID: 33807286 PMCID: PMC8066107 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In general, in vitro virus elimination is based on the culture of isolated meristem, and in addition thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy can also be applied. During these processes, plantlets suffer several stresses, which can result in low rate of survival, inhibited growth, incomplete development, or abnormal morphology. Even though the in vitro cultures survive the treatment, further development can be inhibited; thus, regeneration capacity of treated in vitro shoots or explants play also an important role in successful virus elimination. Sensitivity of genotypes to treatments is very different, and the rate of destruction largely depends on the physiological condition of plants as well. Exposure time of treatments affects the rate of damage in almost every therapy. Other factors such as temperature, illumination (thermotherapy), type and concentration of applied chemicals (chemo- and cryotherapy), and electric current intensity (electrotherapy) also may have a great impact on the rate of damage. However, there are several ways to decrease the harmful effect of treatments. This review summarizes the harmful effects of virus elimination treatments applied on tissue cultures reported in the literature. The aim of this review is to expound the solutions that can be used to mitigate phytotoxic and other adverse effects in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alexandra Hanász
- Kerpely Kálmán Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Zsombik
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao L, Wang M, Li J, Cui Z, Volk GM, Wang Q. Cryobiotechnology: A Double-Edged Sword for Obligate Plant Pathogens. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1058-1067. [PMID: 30958107 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-18-1989-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-free stock plants are required as propagation materials in nurseries and healthy materials are needed in germplasm exchange between countries or regions through quarantine programs. In addition, plant gene banks also prefer to maintain pathogen-free germplasm collections. Shoot tip cryotherapy is a novel biotechnology method whereby cryopreservation methods are used to eradicate obligate pathogens from vegetatively propagated plants. Long-term preservation of pathogens is necessary in all types of virus-related basic research and applications such as antigen preparation for virus detection by immunology-based methods, production of plant-based vaccines, genetic transformation to produce virus-derived resistant transgenic plants, and bionanotechnology to produce nano drugs. Obligate plant pathogens such as viruses and viroids are intracellular parasites that colonize only living cells of the hosts. Therefore, their long-term preservation is difficult. Cryotreatments cannot completely eradicate the obligate pathogens that do not infect meristematic cells and certain proportions of plants recovered from cryotreatments are still pathogen-infected. Furthermore, cryotreatments often fail to eradicate the obligate pathogens that infect meristematic cells. Cryopreservation can be used for the long-term cryopreservation of the obligate plant pathogens. Thus, cryobiotechnology functions as a double-edged sword for plant pathogen eradication and cryopreservation. This review provides updated a synthesis of advances in cryopreservation techniques for eradication and cryopreservation of obligate plant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- 2 College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Minrui Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Cui
- 3 College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Gayle M Volk
- 4 National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO 80521, U.S.A
| | - Qiaochun Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- 3 College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Teixeira da Silva JA, Gulyás A, Magyar-Tábori K, Wang MR, Wang QC, Dobránszki J. In vitro tissue culture of apple and other Malus species: recent advances and applications. PLANTA 2019; 249:975-1006. [PMID: 30788577 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the tissue culture of apple have allowed for molecular, biotechnological and applied breeding research to advance. In the past 8 years, over 100 papers advancing basic biology, genetic transformation and cryobiology have emerged. Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.; Rosaceae) is an important fruit crop grown mainly in temperate regions of the world. In vitro tissue culture is a biotechnological technique that has been used to genetically improve cultivars (scions) and rootstocks. This updated review presents a synthesis of findings related to the tissue culture of apple and other Malus spp. between 2010 and 2018. Increasingly complex molecular studies that are examining the apple genome, for example, in a bid to identify the cause of epigenetic mutations and the role of transposable elements in this process would benefit from genetically stable source material, which can be produced in vitro. Several notable or curious in vitro culture methods have been reported to improve shoot regeneration and induce the production of tetraploids in apple cultivars and rootstocks. Existing studies have revealed the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of adventitious roots by cytokinin. The use of the plant growth correction factor allows hypothetical shoot production from leaf-derived thin cell layers relative to conventional leaf explants to be determined. This updated review will allow novices and established researchers to advance apple and Malus biotechnology and breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
- , P.O. Box 7, Ikenobe, 3011-2, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan.
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Gulyás
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang MR, Cui ZH, Li JW, Hao XY, Zhao L, Wang QC. In vitro thermotherapy-based methods for plant virus eradication. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:87. [PMID: 30323856 PMCID: PMC6173849 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Production of virus-free plants is necessary to control viral diseases, import novel cultivars from other countries, exchange breeding materials between countries or regions and preserve plant germplasm. In vitro techniques represent the most successful approaches for virus eradication. In vitro thermotherapy-based methods, including combining thermotherapy with shoot tip culture, chemotherapy, micrografting or shoot tip cryotherapy, have been successfully established for efficient eradication of various viruses from almost all of the most economically important crops. The present study reviewed recent advances in in vitro thermotherapy-based methods for virus eradication since the twenty-first century. Mechanisms as to why thermotherapy-based methods could efficiently eradicate viruses were discussed. Finally, future prospects were proposed to direct further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhen-Hua Cui
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong China
| | - Jing-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xin-Yi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong China
| |
Collapse
|