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Wei Y, Wu X, Liu D, Sun H, Song W, Li T. Stem Rust Resistance and Resistance-Associated Genes in 64 Wheat Cultivars from Southern Huanghuai, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2286. [PMID: 39204721 PMCID: PMC11359684 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a devastating fungal disease that affects wheat globally. The planting of resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective strategy for controlling this disease. The Huanghuai region, as a major wheat-growing area, plays a crucial role in the spread and prevalence of wheat stem rust in China. In this study, 64 wheat accessions from this region were tested at the adult stage against two major Pgt races, 34MKGQM and 21C3CTHQM. DNA markers associated with the known resistance genes Sr31, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, and Sr38 were measured to determine their presence in the tested accessions. In the 2023 field tests, 5 (7.8%) accessions were immune to 21C3CTHQM and 34MKGQM, while 35 (54.7%) and 39 (60.9%) were moderately resistant and resistant, respectively. The remaining 20 (30.7%) accessions were moderately susceptible and susceptible. In the 2024 tests, 12 (18.8%) and 14 (21.9%) entries were immune to both races; 29 (45.3%) and 30 (46.9%) were moderately resistant and resistant, respectively. Only two cultivars, Xinong 816 and Yimai 211, were immune in both years, and three entries showed some degrees of resistance in both years. Seven cultivars, including Zhongzhimai 23, Longxing 1, Yunong 937, Huaguan 301, Wanke 800, Shaanhe 285, and Yunong 612, showed increased susceptibility. DNA markers showed that 30 entries carried Sr31, while 6 entries carried Sr38. Genes Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26, which confer good resistance to the globally prevalent cultivars TKTTF and TTTRF, were absent from the set of tested entries. While this study surveyed the resistance levels of a cross-section of wheat from the southern part of the Huanghuai region and confirmed the presence of two known resistance genes, the basis of immunity or high levels of resistance in several lines remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Xianxin Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.W.); (H.S.)
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Dongjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Huiyan Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Weifu Song
- Institute of Crop Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Tianya Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.W.); (H.S.)
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Sun H, Wang Z, Wang R, Chen S, Ni X, Gao F, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Wu X, Li T. Identification of wheat stem rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars from Hebei province, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156936. [PMID: 37063217 PMCID: PMC10098322 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stem rust is caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. This major disease has been effectively controlled via resistance genes since the 1970s. The appearance and spread of new races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici (eg., Ug99, TKTTF, and TTRTF) have renewed the interest in identifying the resistance gene and breeding cultivars resistant to wheat stem rust. In this study, gene postulation, pedigree analysis, and molecular detection were used to determine the presence of stem rust resistance genes in 65 commercial wheat cultivars from Hebei Province. In addition, two predominant races 21C3CTHTM and 34MRGQM were used to evaluate the resistance of these cultivars at the adult-plant stage in 2021-2022. The results revealed that 6 Sr genes (namely, Sr5, Sr17, Sr24, Sr31, Sr32, Sr38, and SrTmp), either singly or in combination, were identified in 46 wheat cultivars. Overall, 37 wheat cultivars contained Sr31. Sr5 and Sr17 were present in 3 and 3 cultivars, respectively. Gao 5218 strong gluten, Jie 13-Ji 7369, and Kenong 1006 contained Sr24, Sr32, and Sr38, respectively. No wheat cultivar contained Sr25 and Sr26. In total, 50 (76.9%) wheat cultivars were resistant to all tested races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in field test in 2021-2022. This study is important for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stem rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziye Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Si Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Ni
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fu Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yazhao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianya Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Karelov A, Kozub N, Sozinova O, Pirko Y, Sozinov I, Yemets A, Blume Y. Wheat Genes Associated with Different Types of Resistance against Stem Rust ( Puccinia graminis Pers.). Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101157. [PMID: 36297214 PMCID: PMC9608978 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem rust is one wheat's most dangerous fungal diseases. Yield losses caused by stem rust have been significant enough to cause famine in the past. Some races of stem rust are considered to be a threat to food security even nowadays. Resistance genes are considered to be the most rational environment-friendly and widely used way to control the spread of stem rust and prevent yield losses. More than 60 genes conferring resistance against stem rust have been discovered so far (so-called Sr genes). The majority of the Sr genes discovered have lost their effectiveness due to the emergence of new races of stem rust. There are some known resistance genes that have been used for over 50 years and are still effective against most known races of stem rust. The goal of this article is to outline the different types of resistance against stem rust as well as the effective and noneffective genes, conferring each type of resistance with a brief overview of their origin and usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii Karelov
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (Y.B.)
| | - Natalia Kozub
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Sozinova
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Pirko
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Sozinov
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla Yemets
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (Y.B.)
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Li T, Xu Y, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhang Y, Xuan Y, Wang S. Virulence Characterization of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae and Resistance of Oat Cultivars in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:901-905. [PMID: 34546784 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1239-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae, is one of the most devastating diseases of oat. The most cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy to control this disease is the use of resistant cultivars. However, P. graminis f. sp. avenae can overcome the resistance of cultivars by rapidly changing its virulence. Thus, information on the virulence of P. graminis f. sp. avenae populations and resistance of cultivars is critical to control the disease. The current study was conducted to monitor the virulence composition and dynamics of the P. graminis f. sp. avenae population in China and to evaluate resistance of oat cultivars. Oat leaves naturally infected by P. graminis f. sp. avenae were collected in 2018 and 2019, and 159 isolates were derived from single uredinia. The isolates were tested on 12 international differential lines, and eight races, TJJ, TBD, TJB, TJD, TJL, TJN, TGD, and TKN, were identified for the first time in China. The predominant race was TJD, virulent against Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, Pg4, Pg8, Pg9, and Pg15, accounting for 35.8 and 37.8% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The sub-predominant races were TJN (30.2% in 2018, 28.3% in 2019) and TKN (20.8% in 2018, 12.3% in 2019). All isolates were virulent to Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, and Pg4, and avirulent to Pg6 and Pg16. The three predominant races (TJD, TJN, and TKN) were used to evaluate resistance in 30 Chinese oat cultivars at the seedling and adult plant stages. Five cultivars, Bayan 1, Baiyan 2, Baiyan 3, Baiyan 5, and Baiyan 9, were highly resistant to the three races at both seedling and adult plant stages. The results of the virulences and frequencies of P. graminis f. sp. avenae races and the resistant cultivars will be useful in elucidating the pathogen migration and evolution and for breeding oat cultivars with stem rust resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianya Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yazhao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
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Kataria R, Kaundal R. Deciphering the Crosstalk Mechanisms of Wheat-Stem Rust Pathosystem: Genome-Scale Prediction Unravels Novel Host Targets. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895480. [PMID: 35800602 PMCID: PMC9253690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Triticum aestivum (wheat), a major staple food grain, is affected by various biotic stresses. Among these, fungal diseases cause about 15-20% of yield loss, worldwide. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of protein-protein interactions between two Puccinia graminis races (Pgt 21-0 and Pgt Ug99) that cause stem (black) rust in wheat. The available molecular techniques to study the host-pathogen interaction mechanisms are expensive and labor-intensive. We implemented two computational approaches (interolog and domain-based) for the prediction of PPIs and performed various functional analysis to determine the significant differences between the two pathogen races. The analysis revealed that T. aestivum-Pgt 21-0 and T. aestivum-Pgt Ug99 interactomes consisted of ∼90M and ∼56M putative PPIs, respectively. In the predicted PPIs, we identified 115 Pgt 21-0 and 34 Pgt Ug99 potential effectors that were highly involved in pathogen virulence and development. Functional enrichment analysis of the host proteins revealed significant GO terms and KEGG pathways such as O-methyltransferase activity (GO:0008171), regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009966), lignin metabolic process (GO:0009808), plastid envelope (GO:0009526), plant-pathogen interaction pathway (ko04626), and MAPK pathway (ko04016) that are actively involved in plant defense and immune signaling against the biotic stresses. Subcellular localization analysis anticipated the host plastid as a primary target for pathogen attack. The highly connected host hubs in the protein interaction network belonged to protein kinase domain including Ser/Thr protein kinase, MAPK, and cyclin-dependent kinase. We also identified 5,577 transcription factors in the interactions, associated with plant defense during biotic stress conditions. Additionally, novel host targets that are resistant to stem rust disease were also identified. The present study elucidates the functional differences between Pgt 21-0 and Pgt Ug99, thus providing the researchers with strain-specific information for further experimental validation of the interactions, and the development of durable, disease-resistant crop lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kataria
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Rakesh Kaundal
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- Bioinformatics Facility, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Rakesh Kaundal,
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