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Yan S, Yu P, Liang G, Zhang D, Timko MP, Guo Q, Wu D. Three Alternaria Species, Including a New Species, Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica) in China. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2354-2366. [PMID: 38301220 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1368-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is an economically important subtropical fruit crop in China. Field surveys conducted in different loquat orchards located in Chongqing, Sichuan, and Fujian provinces between 2017 and 2020 resulted in a collection of 56 Alternaria-like isolates from trees exhibiting symptoms of loquat leaf spot. Multigene phylogenetic analyses using seven gene regions, namely, ITS, gapdh, RPB2, tef1, Alt a 1, endoPG, and OPA10-2, showed that all the isolates belonged to the genus Alternaria, and supporting morphological analysis identified them as members of species A. alternata, A. gaisen, and A. chongqingensis sp. nov. In vitro and in vivo pathogenicity tests showed all the identified species to be pathogenic and able to cause leaf spot disease on loquat. Moreover, comprehensive phylogenetic analyses employing all combinations of the above seven gene sequences revealed the capability of Alt a 1-tef1-endoPG to provide a well-resolved gene tree for Alternaria spp. at the species level. This study adds to the current knowledge on an unknown species (A. chongqingensis sp. nov.) and is the first report of A. gaisen in loquat worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Institute of Fruit Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, U.S.A
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, U.S.A
| | - Qigao Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Fahim Abbas M, Batool S, Khaliq S, Mubeen S, Azziz-ud-Din, Ullah N, Zafar K, Rafiq M, Al-Sadi AM, Alotaibi SS, El-Shehawi AM, Li Y, Zuan ATK, Ansari MJ. Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257951. [PMID: 34648523 PMCID: PMC8516230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is an important fruit crop in Pakistan; however, a constant decline in its production is noted due biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly disease infestation. Fungal pathogens are the major disease-causing agents; therefore, their identification is necessary for devising management options. This study explored Taxila, Wah-Cantt, Tret, Chatar, Murree, Kalar-Kahar, Choa-Saidan-Shah and Khan-Pur districts in the Punjab and Khyber Paktoon Khawa (KPK) provinces of Pakistan to explore the diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat. The samples were collected from these districts and their microscopic characterizations were accomplished for reliable identification. Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergilus flavis, Botrytis cinerea, Chaetomium globosum, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae and Phomopsis sp. were the fungal pathogens infesting loquat in the study area. The isolates of A. alternata and C. lunata were isolated from leaf spots and fruit rot, while the isolates of L. theobromae were associated with twig dieback. The remaining pathogens were allied with fruit rot. The nucleotide evidence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) were computed from all the pathogens and submitted in the database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). For multigene analysis, beta-tubulin (BT) gene and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) regions were explored for A. alternata and C. lunata isolates, respectively. The virulence scales of leaf spots, fruit rot, and twig dieback diseases of loquat were developed for the first time through this study. It is the first comprehensive study with morpho-molecular identification, and newly developed virulence scales of the fungal pathogens associated with loquat, which improves the understanding of these destructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fahim Abbas
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Water Agriculture and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS) Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Sana Batool
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Khaliq
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Mubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Kutchery Campus, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Azziz-ud-Din
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Naseeb Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Khalida Zafar
- Department of Botany, Islamia College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhoud, Oman
| | - Saqer S. Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly, Bareilly, India
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