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Baran B, Ölmez F, Çapa B, Dikilitas M. Defense Pathways of Wheat Plants Inoculated with Zymoseptoria tritici under NaCl Stress Conditions: An Overview. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:648. [PMID: 38792668 PMCID: PMC11122936 DOI: 10.3390/life14050648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to being sessile, plants develop a broad range of defense pathways when they face abiotic or biotic stress factors. Although plants are subjected to more than one type of stress at a time in nature, the combined effects of either multiple stresses of one kind (abiotic or biotic) or more kinds (abiotic and biotic) have now been realized in agricultural lands due to increases in global warming and environmental pollution, along with population increases. Soil-borne pathogens, or pathogens infecting aerial parts, can have devastating effects on plants when combined with other stressors. Obtaining yields or crops from sensitive or moderately resistant plants could be impossible, and it could be very difficult from resistant plants. The mechanisms of combined stress in many plants have previously been studied and elucidated. Recent studies proposed new defense pathways and mechanisms through signaling cascades. In light of these mechanisms, it is now time to develop appropriate strategies for crop protection under multiple stress conditions. This may involve using disease-resistant or stress-tolerant plant varieties, implementing proper irrigation and drainage practices, and improving soil quality. However, generation of both stress-tolerant and disease-resistant crop plants is of crucial importance. The establishment of a database and understanding of the defense mechanisms under combined stress conditions would be meaningful for the development of resistant and tolerant plants. It is clear that leaf pathogens show great tolerance to salinity stress and result in pathogenicity in crop plants. We noticed that regulation of the stomata through biochemical applications and some effort with the upregulation of the minor gene expressions indirectly involved with the defense mechanisms could be a great way to increase the defense metabolites without interfering with quality parameters. In this review, we selected wheat as a model plant and Zymoseptoria tritici as a model leaf pathogen to evaluate the defense mechanisms under saline conditions through physiological, biochemical, and molecular pathways and suggested various ways to generate tolerant and resistant cereal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzat Baran
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Sur, Diyarbakır 21110, Türkiye;
| | - Fatih Ölmez
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas 58010, Türkiye;
| | - Beritan Çapa
- Department of Plant Protection Şanliurfa, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63000, Türkiye;
| | - Murat Dikilitas
- Department of Plant Protection Şanliurfa, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63000, Türkiye;
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de Borba MC, Velho AC, Maia-Grondard A, Baltenweck R, Magnin-Robert M, Randoux B, Holvoet M, Hilbert JL, Flahaut C, Reignault P, Hugueney P, Stadnik MJ, Siah A. The Algal Polysaccharide Ulvan Induces Resistance in Wheat Against Zymoseptoria tritici Without Major Alteration of Leaf Metabolome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:703712. [PMID: 34552606 PMCID: PMC8450535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.703712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the ability of ulvan, a water-soluble polysaccharide from the green seaweed Ulva fasciata, to provide protection and induce resistance in wheat against the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis indicated that ulvan is mainly composed of unsaturated monosaccharides (rhamnose, rhamnose-3-sulfate, and xylose) and numerous uronic acid residues. In the greenhouse, foliar application of ulvan at 10 mg.ml-1 2 days before fungal inoculation reduced disease severity and pycnidium density by 45 and 50%, respectively. Ulvan did not exhibit any direct antifungal activity toward Z. tritici, neither in vitro nor in planta. However, ulvan treatment significantly reduced substomatal colonization and pycnidium formation within the mesophyll of treated leaves. Molecular assays revealed that ulvan spraying elicits, but does not prime, the expression of genes involved in several wheat defense pathways, including pathogenesis-related proteins (β-1,3-endoglucanase and chitinase), reactive oxygen species metabolism (oxalate oxidase), and the octadecanoid pathway (lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase), while no upregulation was recorded for gene markers of the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase). Interestingly, the quantification of 83 metabolites from major chemical families using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) in both non-infectious and infectious conditions showed no substantial changes in wheat metabolome upon ulvan treatment, suggesting a low metabolic cost associated with ulvan-induced resistance. Our findings provide evidence that ulvan confers protection and triggers defense mechanisms in wheat against Z. tritici without major modification of the plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon C. de Borba
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center (UFSC-CCA), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Joint Research Unit N° 1158 BioEcoAgro, ULCO, INRAE, University of Lille, Université Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, Lille, France
| | - Aline C. Velho
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center (UFSC-CCA), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Calais, France
| | | | | | - Maryline Magnin-Robert
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Calais, France
| | - Béatrice Randoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Calais, France
| | - Maxime Holvoet
- Joint Research Unit N° 1158 BioEcoAgro, ULCO, INRAE, University of Lille, Université Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Hilbert
- Joint Research Unit N° 1158 BioEcoAgro, ULCO, INRAE, University of Lille, Université Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- Joint Research Unit N° 1158 BioEcoAgro, ULCO, INRAE, University of Lille, Université Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Reignault
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Calais, France
| | | | - Marciel J. Stadnik
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center (UFSC-CCA), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Marciel J. Stadnik,
| | - Ali Siah
- Joint Research Unit N° 1158 BioEcoAgro, ULCO, INRAE, University of Lille, Université Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Ali Siah,
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Scala V, Pietricola C, Farina V, Beccaccioli M, Zjalic S, Quaranta F, Fornara M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Reverberi M, Iori A. Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040608. [PMID: 32295231 PMCID: PMC7225966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex (SLBC), caused by the two ascomycetes Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum, can reduce wheat global yearly yield by up to 50%. In the last decade, SLBC incidence has increased in Italy; notably, durum wheat has proven to be more susceptible than common wheat. Field fungicide treatment can efficiently control these pathogens, but it leads to the emergence of resistant strains and adversely affects human and animal health and the environment. Our previous studies indicated that active compounds produced by Trametes versicolor can restrict the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and the biosynthesis of their secondary metabolites (e.g., mycotoxins). Specifically, we identified Tramesan: a 23 kDa α-heteropolysaccharide secreted by T. versicolor that acts as a pro-antioxidant molecule in animal cells, fungi, and plants. Foliar-spray of Tramesan (3.3 μM) on SLBC-susceptible durum wheat cultivars, before inoculation of causal agents of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (SNB) and Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB), significantly decreased disease incidence both in controlled conditions (SNB: -99%, STB: -75%) and field assays (SNB: -25%, STB: -30%). We conducted these tests were conducted under controlled conditions as well as in field. We showed that Tramesan increased the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), a plant defense-related hormone. Tramesan also increased the early expression (24 hours after inoculation - hai) of plant defense genes such as PR4 for SNB infected plants, and RBOH, PR1, and PR9 for STB infected plants. These results suggest that Tramesan protects wheat by eliciting plant defenses, since it has no direct fungicidal activity. In field experiments, the yield of durum wheat plants treated with Tramesan was similar to that of healthy untreated plots. These results encourage the use of Tramesan to protect durum wheat against SLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scala
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Via C.G. Bertero, 22, 00156 Roma, Italy;
| | - Chiara Pietricola
- Università Sapienza, Dip. Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (V.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Valentina Farina
- Università Sapienza, Dip. Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (V.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Marzia Beccaccioli
- Università Sapienza, Dip. Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (V.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Slaven Zjalic
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Ulica Mihovila Pavlinovića bb, 23000 ZADAR, Croatia;
| | - Fabrizio Quaranta
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari, Via Manziana 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (F.Q.); (M.F.); (A.I.)
| | - Mauro Fornara
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari, Via Manziana 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (F.Q.); (M.F.); (A.I.)
| | - Marco Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; (M.Z.); (B.M.)
| | - Babak Momeni
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; (M.Z.); (B.M.)
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Università Sapienza, Dip. Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (V.F.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari, Via Manziana 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (F.Q.); (M.F.); (A.I.)
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