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Li P, Wang S, Liu M, Dai X, Shi H, Zhou W, Sheng S, Wu F. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Three Root Exudates from Mulberry Seedlings against Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:482. [PMID: 38498445 PMCID: PMC10892386 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt is a significant soil-borne disease that poses a threat to mulberry production yield and quality of agricultural production worldwide. However, the disease resistance mechanisms dependent on root exudates are not well understood. In this present study, we investigated the antibacterial mechanisms of the main active substances (erucamide, oleamide, and camphor bromide) present in mulberry root exudates (MRE) against Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Rp), the causal agent of bacterial wilt. Our findings revealed that these three active substances inhibited the growth activity of Rp by affecting the cell morphology and extracellular polysaccharide content, as well as triggering a burst of reactive oxygen species. The active substances induced oxidative stress, leading to a decrease in Rp growth. Additionally, the expression levels of key genes in the hrp gene cluster (hrpB, hrpX, and hrpF) and other virulence-related genes (such as ripAW, ripAE, Rs5-4819, Rs5-4374, ace, egl3, and pehB) were significantly reduced upon treatment with the active substances. Further pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that root exudates (at a concentration of 1.5 mg·mL-1) delayed or slowed down the occurrence of bacterial wilt in mulberry. These findings provide valuable insight into the antimicrobial mechanisms of MRE against Rp and lay a theoretical foundation for the development and application of biocontrol agents to control mulberry bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (X.D.); (H.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (X.D.); (H.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (X.D.); (H.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Xue Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (X.D.); (H.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Huicong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (X.D.); (H.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Weihong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (X.D.); (H.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (X.D.); (H.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Fuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (X.D.); (H.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Han TT, Tang JX, Fang M, Zhang P, Han PY, Yin ZN, Ma Y, Zhang J, Lu QY. Two genes encoded by mulberry crinkle leaf virus (MCLV): The V4 gene enhances viral replication, and the V5 gene is needed for MCLV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus Res 2024; 339:199288. [PMID: 38043724 PMCID: PMC10751690 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry crinkle leaf virus (MCLV) is a member of the genus Mulcrilevirus, family Geminiviridae. The expression and functions of the V4 and V5 genes encoded by the MCLV genome remain unknown. Here, we confirmed the expression of V4 and V5 by analyzing the V4 and V5 mRNAs and the promoter activity of individual ORFs upstream sequences. The functions of V4 and V5 were investigated by constructing Agrobacterium-mediated infectious clones of wild-type MCLV variant П (MCLV vII), MCLVwt and MCLV vП mutants, such as MCLVmV4 (start codon of V4 ORF mutated), MCLVdV4 (5'-end partial deletion of V4 ORF sequence) and MCLVmV5 (V5 ORF start codon mutated). Although MCLVwt, MCLVmV4, and MCLVdV4 could infect natural host mulberry and experimental tomato plants systematically, the replication of the MCLVmV4 and MCLVdV4 genomes was obviously reduced compared to MCLVwt in both mulberry and tomato plants. MCLV vП expressing V5 could infect Nicotiana benthamiana plants systematically, but MCLVmV5 could not, implying that V5 is needed for MCLV vП to infect N. benthamiana plants. Taken together, V4 is involved in replication of the MCLV genome in host plants, and V5 potentially might extend the host range. Our findings lay a foundation for in-depth insight into the functions of MCLV-encoded proteins and provide a novel perspective for the subsequent study of MCLV-host plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Han
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Tang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Miao Fang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Pei-Yu Han
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Yin
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Quan-You Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
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Ma Y, Han TT, Zhang P, Tang JX, Smith WK, Zhong K, Yu J, Cheng YY, Zhao W, Lu QY. Occurrence and Pathogenicity of Hop Stunt Viroid Infecting Mulberry ( Morus alba) Plants in China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2971-2977. [PMID: 36916842 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-22-1865-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the presence of hop stunt viroid (HSVd) in mulberry (Morus alba) plants in China, HSVd was detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using dsRNAs extracted from symptomatic or asymptomatic mulberry leaf samples collected from a mulberry field located in Zhenjiang, China, as a template and the primer pairs for HSVd detection. The primer pairs were designed based on the conserved sequence of 25 HSVd variants deposited in the GenBank database. Four out of a total of 53 samples were HSVd-positive, confirming that HSVd is present in mulberry plants in China. The consensus full-length nucleotide (nt) sequence of two HSVd variants determined by sequencing the HSVd variants in these four HSVd-positive samples consisted of 296 nt and shared the highest nt identity of 96.8% with that from plum in Turkey but relatively low identity with those from mulberry in Iran (87.3 to 90.8%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these HSVd variants clustered together with those of the HSVd-hop group. Analysis of the infectivity and pathogenicity to hosts by the constructed Agrobacterium-mediated dimeric head-to-tail HSVd cDNA infectious clones demonstrated that one of the HSVd variants identified in this study infects the natural host, mulberry plants, and also infects experimental plants, cucumber, and tomato. It probably induces stunting symptoms in HSVd-infected tomatoes but does not induce symptoms on mulberry leaves or in cucumbers. Although HSVd infecting mulberry has been found in Iran, Italy, and Lebanon, this is the first study to report this viroid in naturally infected mulberry plants in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao-Tao Han
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Tang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - William Kojo Smith
- Center for Circadian Clocks and School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kui Zhong
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Yuan Cheng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan-You Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, China
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Occurrence and distribution of geminiviruses in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1498-1503. [PMID: 35661965 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are a group of plant viruses that cause severe diseases in many economically important crops worldwide, leading to devastating losses to agricultural production. Here we summarize the occurrence and distribution of geminiviruses in China, which provides valuable information for further epidemiological studies and supports the development of effective disease management strategies.
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