1
|
Soulé S, Huang K, Mulet K, Mejias J, Bazin J, Truong NM, Kika JL, Jaubert S, Abad P, Zhao J, Favery B, Quentin M. The root-knot nematode effector MiEFF12 targets the host ER quality control system to suppress immune responses and allow parasitism. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13491. [PMID: 38961768 PMCID: PMC11222708 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are microscopic parasitic worms able to infest the roots of thousands of plant species, causing massive crop yield losses worldwide. They evade the plant's immune system and manipulate plant cell physiology and metabolism to transform a few root cells into giant cells, which serve as feeding sites for the nematode. RKN parasitism is facilitated by the secretion in planta of effector molecules, mostly proteins that hijack host cellular processes. We describe here a conserved RKN-specific effector, effector 12 (EFF12), that is synthesized exclusively in the oesophageal glands of the nematode, and we demonstrate its function in parasitism. In the plant, MiEFF12 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A combination of RNA-sequencing analysis and immunity-suppression bioassays revealed the contribution of MiEFF12 to the modulation of host immunity. Yeast two-hybrid, split luciferase and co-immunoprecipitation approaches identified an essential component of the ER quality control system, the Solanum lycopersicum plant bap-like (PBL), and basic leucine zipper 60 (BZIP60) proteins as host targets of MiEFF12. Finally, silencing the PBL genes in Nicotiana benthamiana decreased susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita infection. Our results suggest that EFF12 manipulates PBL function to modify plant immune responses to allow parasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Soulé
- INRAE‐Université Côte d'Azur‐CNRS, UMR Institut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Kaiwei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Karine Mulet
- INRAE‐Université Côte d'Azur‐CNRS, UMR Institut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Joffrey Mejias
- INRAE‐Université Côte d'Azur‐CNRS, UMR Institut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance
- Present address:
CIRAD, UMR PHIMMontpellierFrance
| | - Jérémie Bazin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris Saclay – Evry, Université de ParisGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Nhat My Truong
- INRAE‐Université Côte d'Azur‐CNRS, UMR Institut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance
- Present address:
Vietnamese‐German Center for Medical Research108 Military Central HospitalHa NoiVietnam.
| | - Junior Lusu Kika
- INRAE‐Université Côte d'Azur‐CNRS, UMR Institut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Stéphanie Jaubert
- INRAE‐Université Côte d'Azur‐CNRS, UMR Institut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRAE‐Université Côte d'Azur‐CNRS, UMR Institut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bruno Favery
- INRAE‐Université Côte d'Azur‐CNRS, UMR Institut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Michaël Quentin
- INRAE‐Université Côte d'Azur‐CNRS, UMR Institut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Zhai C, Li Y, Stephenson SL, Liu P. Slime molds (Myxomycetes) causing a "disease" in crop plants and cultivated mushrooms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1411231. [PMID: 38916031 PMCID: PMC11194395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1411231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds) are eukaryotic protist predators that are associated with wood, leaf litter, and soil in forests, where they feed on bacteria, protozoans, and (to a more limited extent) fungi. The health of crop plants is essential because they represent a primary food source for humans. However, when myxomycetes produce numerous fruiting bodies on the stems and leaves of crop plants, which is herein referred to as a myxomycete colonization, this has the potential of interfering with plant photosynthesis, transpiration and respiration by blocking out light and covering stomata. Myxomycetes are not pathogens, but their occurrence on plants can be mistakenly interpreted as some type of infection. However, this phenomenon has been largely ignored. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the taxonomic and economic diversity of the organisms involved in myxomycete colonization. In addition, the various types of myxomycete colonization reported in the literature are described and discussed, a number of images provided, and cultural and chemical prevention and control measures are summarized. The latter should be of significant relevance for local production of crops and plant protective stations. While myxomycetes are not pathogens of crop plants, some species can seriously impact commercially grown mushrooms. Reports of myxomycetes affecting mushrooms are also described in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zhai
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Pu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leonetti P, Dallera D, De Marchi D, Candito P, Pasotti L, Macovei A. Exploring the putative microRNAs cross-kingdom transfer in Solanum lycopersicum-Meloidogyne incognita interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1383986. [PMID: 38784062 PMCID: PMC11114104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1383986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plant-pathogen interaction is an inexhaustible source of information on how to sustainably control diseases that negatively affect agricultural production. Meloidogyne incognita is a root-knot nematode (RKN), representing a pest for many crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). RKNs are a global threat to agriculture, especially under climate change, and RNA technologies offer a potential alternative to chemical nematicides. While endogenous microRNAs have been identified in both S. lycopersicum and M. incognita, and their roles have been related to the regulation of developmental changes, no study has investigated the miRNAs cross-kingdom transfer during this interaction. Methods Here, we propose a bioinformatics pipeline to highlight potential miRNA-dependent cross-kingdom interactions between tomato and M. incognita. Results The obtained data show that nematode miRNAs putatively targeting tomato genes are mostly related to detrimental effects on plant development and defense. Similarly, tomato miRNAs putatively targeting M. incognita biological processes have negative effects on digestion, mobility, and reproduction. To experimentally test this hypothesis, an in vitro feeding assay was carried out using sly-miRNAs selected from the bioinformatics approach. The results show that two tomato miRNAs (sly-miRNA156a, sly-miR169f) soaked by juvenile larvae (J2s) affected their ability to infect plant roots and form galls. This was also coupled with a significant downregulation of predicted target genes (Minc11367, Minc00111), as revealed by a qRT-PCR analysis. Discussions Therefore, the current study expands the knowledge related to the cross-kingdom miRNAs involvement in host-parasite interactions and could pave the way for the application of exogenous plant miRNAs as tools to control nematode infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Leonetti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of the National Research Council, Unit of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Debora Dallera
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling, and Synthetic Biology, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering - Centre for Health Technology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide De Marchi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling, and Synthetic Biology, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering - Centre for Health Technology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pamela Candito
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling, and Synthetic Biology, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering - Centre for Health Technology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pasotti
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling, and Synthetic Biology, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering - Centre for Health Technology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anca Macovei
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bali S, Gleason C. Unveiling the Diversity: Plant Parasitic Nematode Effectors and Their Plant Interaction Partners. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:179-189. [PMID: 37870371 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0124-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot and cyst nematodes are two groups of plant parasitic nematodes that cause the majority of crop losses in agriculture. As a result, these nematodes are the focus of most nematode effector research. Root-knot and cyst nematode effectors are defined as secreted molecules, typically proteins, with crucial roles in nematode parasitism. There are likely hundreds of secreted effector molecules exuded through the nematode stylet into the plant. The current research has shown that nematode effectors can target a variety of host proteins and have impacts that include the suppression of plant immune responses and the manipulation of host hormone signaling. The discovery of effectors that localize to the nucleus indicates that the nematodes can directly modulate host gene expression for cellular reprogramming during feeding site formation. In addition, plant peptide mimicry by some nematode effectors highlights the sophisticated strategies the nematodes employ to manipulate host processes. Here we describe research on the interactions between nematode effectors and host proteins that will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant-nematode interactions. By identifying the host proteins and pathways that are targeted by root-knot and cyst nematode effectors, scientists can gain a better understanding of how nematodes establish feeding sites and subvert plant immune responses. Such information will be invaluable for future engineering of nematode-resistant crops, ultimately fostering advancements in agricultural practices and crop protection. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapinder Bali
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Cynthia Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thorat YE, Dutta TK, Jain PK, Subramaniam K, Sirohi A. A nematode-inducible promoter can effectively drives RNAi construct to confer Meloidogyne incognita resistance in tomato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:3. [PMID: 38117317 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Heterologous expression of a nematode-responsive promoter in tomato successfully driven the RNAi constructs to impart root-knot nematode resistance. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita seriously afflicts the global productivity of tomatoes. Nematode management options are extremely reliant on chemical methods, however, only a handful of nematicides are commercially available. Additionally, nematodes have developed resistance-breaking phenotypes against the commercially available Mi gene-expressing tomatoes. Nematode resistance in crop plants can be enhanced using the bio-safe RNAi technology, in which plants are genetically modified to express nematode gene-specific dsRNA/siRNA molecules. However, the majority of the RNAi crops conferring nematode tolerance have used constitutive promoters, which have many limitations. In the present study, using promoter-GUS fusion, we functionally validated two nematode-inducible root-specific promoters (pAt1g74770 and pAt2g18140, identified from Arabidopsis thaliana) in the Solanum lycopersicum-M. incognita pathosystem. pAt2g18140 was found to be nematode-responsive during 10-21 days post-inoculation (dpi) and became non-responsive during the late infection stage (28 dpi). In contrast, pAt1g74770 remained nematode-responsive for a longer duration (10-28 dpi). Next, a number of transgenic lines were developed that expressed RNAi constructs (independently targeting the M. incognita integrase and splicing factor genes) driven by the pAt1g74770 promoter. M. incognita parasitic success (measured by multiplication factor ratio) in pAt1g74770:integrase and pAt1g74770:splicing factor RNAi lines were significantly reduced by 60.83-74.93% and 69.34-75.31%, respectively, compared to the control. These data were comparable with the RNAi lines having CaMV35S as the promoter. Further, a long-term RNAi effect was evident, because females extracted from transgenic lines were of deformed shape with depleted transcripts of integrase and splicing factor genes. We conclude that pAt1g74770 can be an attractive alternative to drive localized expression of RNAi constructs rather than using a constitutive promoter. The pAt1g74770-driven gene silencing system can be expanded into different plant-nematode interaction models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh E Thorat
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Biological Control Centre, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, 413712, India
| | - Tushar K Dutta
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Pradeep K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Anil Sirohi
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang L, Yuan Y, Lewis C, Kud J, Kuhl JC, Caplan A, Dandurand LM, Zasada I, Xiao F. NILR1 perceives a nematode ascaroside triggering immune signaling and resistance. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3992-3997.e3. [PMID: 37643618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive conserved molecular patterns derived from pathogens and pests, thereby activating a sequential set of rapid cellular immune responses, including activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), transcriptional reprogramming (particularly the induction of defense-related genes), ion fluxes, and production of reactive oxygen species.1 Plant PRRs belong to the multi-membered protein families of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). RLKs consist of a ligand-binding ectodomain, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and an intracellular kinase domain, while RLPs possess the same functional domains, except for the intracellular kinase domain.2 The most abundant nematode ascaroside, Ascr18, is a nematode-associated molecular pattern (NAMP) that induces immune signaling and enhances resistance to pathogens and pests in various plant species.3 In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis NEMATODE-INDUCED LRR-RLK1 (NILR1) protein4 physically interacts with the Ascr18 elicitor, as indicated by a specific direct interaction between NILR1 and Ascr18, and NILR1 is genetically required for Ascr18-triggered immune signaling and resistance to both bacterium and nematode, as manifested by the abolishment of these immune responses in the nilr1 mutant. These results suggest that NILR1 is the immune receptor of the nematode NAMP Ascr18, mediating Ascr18-triggered immune signaling and resistance to pathogens and pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Yulin Yuan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Chloe Lewis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Joanna Kud
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Joseph C Kuhl
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Allan Caplan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Louise-Marie Dandurand
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Inga Zasada
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Fangming Xiao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou D, Godinez-Vidal D, He J, Teixeira M, Guo J, Wei L, Van Norman JM, Kaloshian I. A G-type lectin receptor kinase negatively regulates Arabidopsis immunity against root-knot nematodes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:721-735. [PMID: 37103588 PMCID: PMC10469371 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp., RKN) are responsible for extensive crop losses worldwide. During infection, they penetrate plant roots, migrate between plant cells, and establish feeding sites, known as giant cells, near the root vasculature. Previously, we found that nematode perception and early responses in plants were similar to those of microbial pathogens and required the BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1/SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE3 (BAK1/SERK3) coreceptor in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Here, we implemented a reverse genetic screen for resistance or sensitivity to RKN using Arabidopsis T-DNA alleles of genes encoding transmembrane receptor-like kinases to identify additional receptors involved in this process. This screen identified a pair of allelic mutations with enhanced resistance to RKN in a gene we named ENHANCED RESISTANCE TO NEMATODES1 (ERN1). ERN1 encodes a G-type lectin receptor kinase (G-LecRK) with a single-pass transmembrane domain. Further characterization showed that ern1 mutants displayed stronger activation of MAP kinases, elevated levels of the defense marker MYB51, and enhanced H2O2 accumulation in roots upon RKN elicitor treatments. Elevated MYB51 expression and ROS bursts were also observed in leaves of ern1 mutants upon flg22 treatment. Complementation of ern1.1 with 35S- or native promoter-driven ERN1 rescued the RKN infection and enhanced defense phenotypes. Our results indicate that ERN1 is an important negative regulator of immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Damaris Godinez-Vidal
- Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jiangman He
- Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Marcella Teixeira
- Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lihui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jaimie M Van Norman
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Isgouhi Kaloshian
- Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marquez J, Hajihassani A. Identification, Diversity, and Distribution of Meloidogyne spp. in Vegetable Fields of South Georgia, U.S.A. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1093-1102. [PMID: 36449528 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-22-0246-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) is the most prevalent plant-parasitic nematode in vegetable fields of Georgia, with an incidence of 67.3%. Because aggressive RKN species are reported in the southeastern United States, molecular-based identification of RKN species was conducted on soil samples taken from a nematode surveillance study in 2018 from 292 RKN-infested vegetable fields in southern Georgia. The RKN-infested soil was potted with tomato cultivar Rutgers, and individual nematode females were isolated from galled roots and subjected to species-specific PCR and mitochondrial haplotype-based RKN species identification. The incidence (%), mean, and maximum relative abundance (second-stage juveniles per 100 cm3 of soil) of the five RKN species identified consisted of M. incognita (91.9, 486, 14,144), M. arenaria (36.0, 707, 14,144), M. floridensis (2.2, 909, 5,264), M. javanica (5.5, 352, 1,488), and M. haplanaria (0.7, 8, 14). A large proportion of fields (29%) had mixed populations of M. incognita and M. arenaria, which may reflect the region's long history of cotton and peanut cultivation. For unknown reasons, mixed populations of M. incognita and M. arenaria were associated with higher population densities. M. incognita is the most important RKN species in vegetable fields, followed by M. arenaria; therefore, pure or mixed populations of these species should be addressed in nematode management programs. Although at a lower incidence, the newly detected species, M. floridensis and M. haplanaria, have the potential to become a major threat since they reproduce on vegetables with Mi-resistant genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Marquez
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - Abolfazl Hajihassani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Davie, FL
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang Q, Lin B, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Song H, Huang C, Sun T, Long C, Liao J, Zhuo K. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the susceptibility gene OsHPP04 in rice confers enhanced resistance to rice root-knot nematode. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134653. [PMID: 36998699 PMCID: PMC10043372 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR crops carrying a mutation in susceptibility (S) genes provide an effective strategy for controlling plant disease, because they could be 'transgene-free' and commonly have more broad-spectrum and durable type of resistance. Despite their importance, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of S genes for engineering resistance to plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) disease has not been reported. In this study, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to specifically induce targeted mutagenesis of the S gene rice copper metallochaperone heavy metal-associated plant protein 04 (OsHPP04), and successfully obtained genetically stable homozygous rice mutants with or without transgenic elements. These mutants confer enhanced resistance to the rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola), a major plant pathogenic nematode in rice agriculture. Moreover, the plant immune responses triggered by flg22, including reactive oxygen species burst, defence-related genes expression and callose deposition, were enhanced in the 'transgene-free' homozygous mutants. Analysis of rice growth and agronomic traits of two independent mutants showed that there are no obvious differences between wild-type plants and mutants. These findings suggest that OsHPP04 may be an S gene as a negative regulator of host immunity and genetic modification of S genes through the CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be used as a powerful tool to generate PPN resistant plant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Huang
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Borong Lin
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Cao
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Handa Song
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianling Sun
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changwen Long
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Zhuo
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang L, Xu Z, Jiang Z, Chen X, Li B, Xu L, Zhang Z. Cloning and functional analysis of the root-knot nematode resistance gene NtRk1 in tobacco. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13894. [PMID: 36942459 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an economically important crop worldwide. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are responsible for yield losses in tobacco and other crops, such as tomato, potato, peanut, and soybean. Therefore, screening for resistance genes that can prevent RKN infestation and the associated damage is crucial. However, there is no report of cloning tobacco RKN resistance genes to date. Here, we cloned the tobacco RKN resistance gene NtRk1 from the resistant variety TI706, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. NtRk1 has high homology with other RKN resistance genes (CaMi in pepper, Mi-1.1 and Mi-1.2 in tomato). Under normal conditions, NtRk1 was barely expressed in the roots; however, following RKN infection, its expression level rapidly increased. Overexpression of NtRk1 in the susceptible cultivar "Changbohuang" enhanced its resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, while RNA interference of NtRk1 in the resistant cultivar K326 resulted in its susceptibility to M. incognita. Moreover, compared with resistant variety K326, we found the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid contents of RNAi plants decreased after inoculation with M. incognita, and confirmed that the function of NtRk1 is related to these phytohormones. These findings indicate that NtRk1 is an RKN resistance gene, which is abundantly expressed in response to RKN infection and may enhance host defense responses by elevating salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Bo Li
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Liping Xu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gohar IMA, Alyamani A, Shafi ME, Mohamed EAE, Ghareeb RY, Desoky EM, Hasan ME, Zaitoun AF, Abdelsalam NR, El-Tarabily KA, Elnahal ASM. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of sugar beet genotype resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:966377. [PMID: 36714787 PMCID: PMC9881751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.966377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet productivity is highly constrained by the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. Eight sugar beet genotypes were screened under greenhouse conditions for their susceptibility to M. incognita according to an adapted quantitative scheme for assignment Canto-Saenz's host suitability (resistance) designations (AQSCS). Besides, the degree of susceptibility or tolerance of the examined genotypes was recorded by the modified host-parasite index (MHPI) scale based on yield performance. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was also determined. Sugar beet genotypes have been classified into four categories for their susceptibility or tolerance according to the AQSCS scale. The first category, the moderately resistant (MR) group implies only one variety named SVH 2015, which did not support nematode reproduction (RF≤1), and had less root damage (GI≈2). Second, the tolerant group (T) involving Lilly and Halawa KWS supported fairly high nematode reproduction (RF>1) with relatively plant damage (GI≤2). Whereas the susceptible (S) category involved four varieties, FARIDA, Lammia KWS, Polat, and Capella, which supported nematode reproduction factor (RF>1) with high plant damage (GI>2). The fourth category refers to the highly susceptible (HYS) varieties such as Natura KWS that showed (RF≤1) and very high plant damage (GI>2). However, the MHPI scale showed that Lammia KWS variety was shifted from the (S) category to the (T) category. Results revealed significant differences among genotypes regarding disease severity, yield production, and quality traits. The SVH 2015 variety exhibited the lowest disease index values concerning population density with 800/250 cm3 soils, RF=2, root damage/gall index (GI=1.8), gall size (GS=2.3), gall area (GA=3.7), damage index (DI=3.4), susceptibility rate (SR=2.4), and MHP index (MHPI=2.5). However, Lammia KWS showed the highest disease index values regarding population density with 8890/250 cm3 soils, RF= 22.2, GI= 4.8, and SR= 14.1. Meanwhile, Natura KWS the highest GS, GA and MHPI with 7.1, 8 and 20.9, respectively. The lowest DI was achieved by Capella (DI= 6) followed by Lammia KWS (DI= 5.9). For yield production, and quality traits, SVH 2015 exhibited the lowest reductions of sugar yields/beet's root with 11.1%. While Natura KWS had the highest reduction with 79.3%, as well as it showed the highest reduction in quality traits; including sucrose, T.S.S, and purity with 65, 27.3, and 51.9%, respectively. The amino acid alignment and prediction of the DNA sequences revealed the presence of five SNPs among all sugar beet verities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M. A. Gohar
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Department of Sugar Crops Disease and Pests Research, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal Alyamani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshaimaa A. E. Mohamed
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Department of Genetic and Breeding, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y. Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatic Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Amera F. Zaitoun
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ahmed S. M. Elnahal
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abd-Elgawad MMM. Exploiting Plant-Phytonematode Interactions to Upgrade Safe and Effective Nematode Control. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111916. [PMID: 36431051 PMCID: PMC9693997 DOI: 10.3390/life12111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) bring about substantial losses of economic crops globally. With the environmental and health issues facing the use of chemical nematicides, research efforts should focus on providing economically effective and safe control methods. The sound exploitation of plant-PPN interactions is fundamental to such efforts. Initially, proper sampling and extraction techniques should be followed to avoid misleading nematode data. Recent evolutions in plant-PPN interactions can make use of diverse non-molecular and molecular approaches to boost plant defenses. Therefore, PPN control and increasing crop yields through single, sequential, dual-purpose, and simultaneous applications of agricultural inputs, including biocontrol agents, should be seriously attempted, especially within IPM schemes. The use of biologicals would ideally be facilitated by production practices to solve related issues. The full investment of such interactions should employ new views of interdisciplinary specialties in the relevant modern disciplines to optimize the PPN management. Having an accurate grasp of the related molecular events will help in developing tools for PPN control. Nonetheless, the currently investigated molecular plant-PPN interactions favoring plant responses, e.g., resistance genes, RNA interference, marker-assisted selection, proteinase inhibitors, chemo-disruptive peptides, and plant-incorporated protectants, are key factors to expanding reliable management. They may be applied on broader scales for a substantial improvement in crop yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahfouz M M Abd-Elgawad
- Plant Pathology Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fernandes Santos CA, Rodrigues da Costa S, Silva Boiteux L, Grattapaglia D, Silva-Junior OB. Genetic associations with resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii in guava (Psidium sp.) using cross-genera SNPs and comparative genomics to Eucalyptus highlight evolutionary conservation across the Myrtaceae. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273959. [PMID: 36322533 PMCID: PMC9629644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical fruit tree species constitute a yet untapped supply of outstanding diversity of taste and nutritional value, barely developed from the genetics standpoint, with scarce or no genomic resources to tackle the challenges arising in modern breeding practice. We generated a de novo genome assembly of the Psidium guajava, the super fruit “apple of the tropics”, and successfully transferred 14,268 SNP probesets from Eucalyptus to Psidium at the nucleotide level, to detect genomic loci linked to resistance to the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne enterolobii derived from the wild relative P. guineense. Significantly associated loci with resistance across alternative analytical frameworks, were detected at two SNPs on chromosome 3 in a pseudo-assembly of Psidium guajava genome built using a syntenic path approach with the Eucalyptus grandis genome to determine the order and orientation of the contigs. The P. guineense-derived resistance response to RKN and disease onset is conceivably triggered by mineral nutrients and phytohormone homeostasis or signaling with the involvement of the miRNA pathway. Hotspots of mapped resistance quantitative trait loci and functional annotation in the same genomic region of Eucalyptus provide further indirect support to our results, highlighting the evolutionary conservation of genomes across genera of Myrtaceae in the adaptation to pathogens. Marker assisted introgression of the resistance loci mapped should accelerate the development of improved guava cultivars and hybrid rootstocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soniane Rodrigues da Costa
- Graduate program in Genetic Resources, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Dario Grattapaglia
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (CENARGEN), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Klink VP, Alkharouf NW, Lawrence KS, Lawaju BR, Sharma K, Niraula PM, McNeece BT. The heterologous expression of conserved Glycine max (soybean) mitogen activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) paralogs suppresses Meloidogyne incognita parasitism in Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton). Transgenic Res 2022; 31:457-487. [PMID: 35763120 PMCID: PMC9489592 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two conserved Glycine max (soybean) mitogen activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) paralogs function in defense to the parasitic soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Gene Ontology analyses of RNA seq data obtained from MAPK3-1-overexpressing (OE) and MAPK3-2-OE roots compared to their control, as well as MAPK3-1-RNA interference (RNAi) and MAPK3-2-RNAi compared to their control, hierarchically orders the induced and suppressed genes, strengthening the hypothesis that their heterologous expression in Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) would impair parasitism by the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. MAPK3-1 expression (E) in G. hirsutum suppresses the production of M. incognita root galls, egg masses, and second stage juveniles (J2s) by 80.32%, 82.37%, and 88.21%, respectfully. Unexpectedly, egg number increases by 28.99% but J2s are inviable. MAPK3-2-E effects are identical, statistically. MAPK3-1-E and MAPK3-2-E decreases root mass 1.49-fold and 1.55-fold, respectively, as compared to the pRAP15-ccdB-E control. The reproductive factor (RF) of M. incognita for G. hirsutum roots expressing MAPK3-1-E or MAPK3-2-E decreases 60.39% and 50.46%, respectively, compared to controls. The results are consistent with upstream pathogen activated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) functioning in defense to H. glycines. The experiments showcase the feasibility of employing MAPK3, through heterologous expression, to combat M. incognita parasitism, possibly overcoming impediments otherwise making G. hirsutum's defense platform deficient. MAPK homologs are identified in other important crop species for future functional analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P. Klink
- USDA ARS NEA BARC Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Building 004 Room 122 BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Center for Computational Sciences High Performance Computing Collaboratory, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Nadim W. Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252 USA
| | - Kathy S. Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Bisho R. Lawaju
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, 1402 Albrecht Blvd., Walster Hall 306, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Prakash M. Niraula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, 1200 North Dupont Highway, Science Center 164, Dover, DE 19901 USA
| | - Brant T. McNeece
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Nutrien Ag Solutions, 737 Blaylock Road, Winterville, MS 38703 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Understanding Molecular Plant–Nematode Interactions to Develop Alternative Approaches for Nematode Control. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162141. [PMID: 36015444 PMCID: PMC9415668 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developing control measures of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) rank high as they cause big crop losses globally. The growing awareness of numerous unsafe chemical nematicides and the defects found in their alternatives are calling for rational molecular control of the nematodes. This control focuses on using genetically based plant resistance and exploiting molecular mechanisms underlying plant–nematode interactions. Rapid and significant advances in molecular techniques such as high-quality genome sequencing, interfering RNA (RNAi) and gene editing can offer a better grasp of these interactions. Efficient tools and resources emanating from such interactions are highlighted herein while issues in using them are summarized. Their revision clearly indicates the dire need to further upgrade knowledge about the mechanisms involved in host-specific susceptibility/resistance mediated by PPN effectors, resistance genes, or quantitative trait loci to boost their effective and sustainable use in economically important plant species. Therefore, it is suggested herein to employ the impacts of these techniques on a case-by-case basis. This will allow us to track and optimize PPN control according to the actual variables. It would enable us to precisely fix the factors governing the gene functions and expressions and combine them with other PPN control tactics into integrated management.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nguyen HT, Mantelin S, Ha CV, Lorieux M, Jones JT, Mai CD, Bellafiore S. Insights Into the Genetics of the Zhonghua 11 Resistance to Meloidogyne graminicola and Its Molecular Determinism in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854961. [PMID: 35599898 PMCID: PMC9116194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne graminicola is a widely spread nematode pest of rice that reduces crop yield up to 20% on average in Asia, with devastating consequences for local and global rice production. Due to the ban on many chemical nematicides and the recent changes in water management practices in rice agriculture, an even greater impact of M. graminicola can be expected in the future, stressing the demand for the development of new sustainable nematode management solutions. Recently, a source of resistance to M. graminicola was identified in the Oryza sativa japonica rice variety Zhonghua 11 (Zh11). In the present study, we examine the genetics of the Zh11 resistance to M. graminicola and provide new insights into its cellular and molecular mechanisms. The segregation of the resistance in F2 hybrid populations indicated that two dominant genes may be contributing to the resistance. The incompatible interaction of M. graminicola in Zh11 was distinguished by a lack of swelling of the root tips normally observed in compatible interactions. At the cellular level, the incompatible interaction was characterised by a rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the vicinity of the nematodes, accompanied by extensive necrosis of neighbouring cells. The expression profiles of several genes involved in plant immunity were analysed at the early stages of infection during compatible (susceptible plant) and incompatible (resistant plant) interactions. Notably, the expression of OsAtg4 and OsAtg7, significantly increased in roots of resistant plants in parallel with the cell death response, suggesting that autophagy is activated and may contribute to the resistance-mediated hypersensitive response. Similarly, transcriptional regulation of genes involved in hormonal pathways in Zh11 indicated that salicylate signalling may be important in the resistance response towards M. graminicola. Finally, the nature of the resistance to M. graminicola and the potential exploitation of the Zh11 resistance for breeding are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hue Thi Nguyen
- LMI RICE-2, Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sophie Mantelin
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Cuong Viet Ha
- Research Center of Tropical Plant Disease, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mathias Lorieux
- DIADE, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - John T. Jones
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Chung Duc Mai
- LMI RICE-2, Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Stéphane Bellafiore
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jagdale S, Rao U, Giri AP. Effectors of Root-Knot Nematodes: An Arsenal for Successful Parasitism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:800030. [PMID: 35003188 PMCID: PMC8727514 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.800030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are notorious plant-parasitic nematodes first recorded in 1855 in cucumber plants. They are microscopic, obligate endoparasites that cause severe losses in agriculture and horticulture. They evade plant immunity, hijack the plant cell cycle, and metabolism to modify healthy cells into giant cells (GCs) - RKN feeding sites. RKNs secrete various effector molecules which suppress the plant defence and tamper with plant cellular and molecular biology. These effectors originate mainly from sub-ventral and dorsal oesophageal glands. Recently, a few non-oesophageal gland secreted effectors have been discovered. Effectors are essential for the entry of RKNs in plants, subsequently formation and maintenance of the GCs during the parasitism. In the past two decades, advanced genomic and post-genomic techniques identified many effectors, out of which only a few are well characterized. In this review, we provide molecular and functional details of RKN effectors secreted during parasitism. We list the known effectors and pinpoint their molecular functions. Moreover, we attempt to provide a comprehensive insight into RKN effectors concerning their implications on overall plant and nematode biology. Since effectors are the primary and prime molecular weapons of RKNs to invade the plant, it is imperative to understand their intriguing and complex functions to design counter-strategies against RKN infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shounak Jagdale
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok P. Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Biotechnological advances with applicability in potatoes for resistance against root-knot nematodes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 70:226-233. [PMID: 34217954 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Potato production is negatively affected by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). There are no commercially available potato cultivars that are resistant to root-knot nematodes. To reduce the reliance on chemical controls, genetic engineering for nematode resistance in potato shows promise. Genetically modified potatoes that silence a parasitism gene or that express toxic protease inhibitors display reduced nematode infections. Modifying potato immune responses may also offer new opportunities for nematode resistance in potato. Plant defense elicitors, including those secreted by modified bacteria, enhanced resistance against root-knot nematodes in potato. The use of transgenic bacteria as delivery vehicles of defense-related molecules presents several possibilities for sophisticated nematode management and because this does not involve transgenic plants, it may garner greater public acceptance.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen J, Li Z, Lin B, Liao J, Zhuo K. A Meloidogyne graminicola Pectate Lyase Is Involved in Virulence and Activation of Host Defense Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651627. [PMID: 33868351 PMCID: PMC8044864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes secrete an array of cell-wall-degrading enzymes to overcome the physical barrier formed by the plant cell wall. Here, we describe a novel pectate lyase gene Mg-PEL1 from M. graminicola. Quantitative real-time PCR assay showed that the highest transcriptional expression level of Mg-PEL1 occurred in pre-parasitic second-stage juveniles, and it was still detected during the early parasitic stage. Using in situ hybridization, we showed that Mg-PEL1 was expressed exclusively within the subventral esophageal gland cells of M. graminicola. The yeast signal sequence trap system revealed that it possessed an N-terminal signal peptide with secretion function. Recombinant Mg-PEL1 exhibited hydrolytic activity toward polygalacturonic acid. Rice plants expressing RNA interference vectors targeting Mg-PEL1 showed an increased resistance to M. graminicola. In addition, using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system and plant immune response assays, we demonstrated that the cell wall localization of Mg-PEL1 was required for the activation of plant defense responses, including programmed plant cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and expression of defense-related genes. Taken together, our results indicated that Mg-PEL1 could enhance the pathogenicity of M. graminicola and induce plant immune responses during nematode invasion into plants or migration in plants. This provides a new insight into the function of pectate lyases in plants-nematodes interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Borong Lin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Zhuo
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A Comprehensive Transcriptional Profiling of Pepper Responses to Root-Knot Nematode. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121507. [PMID: 33333784 PMCID: PMC7765216 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic resistance remains a key component in integrated pest management systems. The cosmopolitan root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) proves a significant management challenge as virulence and pathogenicity vary among and within species. RKN greatly reduces commercial bell pepper yield, and breeding programs continuously develop cultivars to emerging nematode threats. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the nature and forms of nematode resistance. Defining how resistant and susceptible pepper cultivars mount defenses against RKN attacks can help inform breeding programs. Here, we characterized the transcriptional responses of the highly related resistant (Charleston Belle) and susceptible (Keystone Resistance Giant) pepper cultivars throughout early nematode infection stages. Comprehensive transcriptomic sequencing of resistant and susceptible cultivar roots with or without Meloidogyneincognita infection over three-time points; covering early penetration (1-day), through feeding site maintenance (7-days post-inoculation), produced > 300 million high quality reads. Close examination of chromosome P9, on which nematode resistance hotspots are located, showed more differentially expressed genes were upregulated in resistant cultivar at day 1 when compared to the susceptible cultivar. Our comprehensive approach to transcriptomic profiling of pepper resistance revealed novel insights into how RKN causes disease and the plant responses mounted to counter nematode attack. This work broadens the definition of resistance from a single loci concept to a more complex array of interrelated pathways. Focus on these pathways in breeding programs may provide more sustainable and enduring forms of resistance.
Collapse
|
21
|
Khan MR, Sharma RK. Fusarium-nematode wilt disease complexes, etiology and mechanism of development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42360-020-00240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|