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Coca-Ruiz V, Suárez I, Aleu J, Cantoral JM, González C, Garrido C, Brito N, Collado IG. Unravelling the Function of the Sesquiterpene Cyclase STC3 in the Lifecycle of Botrytis cinerea. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5125. [PMID: 38791163 PMCID: PMC11120764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome sequencing of Botrytis cinerea supplies a general overview of the map of genes involved in secondary metabolite synthesis. B. cinerea genomic data reveals that this phytopathogenic fungus has seven sesquiterpene cyclase (Bcstc) genes that encode proteins involved in the farnesyl diphosphate cyclization. Three sesquiterpene cyclases (BcStc1, BcStc5 and BcStc7) are characterized, related to the biosynthesis of botrydial, abscisic acid and (+)-4-epi-eremophilenol, respectively. However, the role of the other four sesquiterpene cyclases (BcStc2, BcStc3, BcStc4 and BcStc6) remains unknown. BcStc3 is a well-conserved protein with homologues in many fungal species, and here, we undertake its functional characterization in the lifecycle of the fungus. A null mutant ΔBcstc3 and an overexpressed-Bcstc3 transformant (OvBcstc3) are generated, and both strains show the deregulation of those other sesquiterpene cyclase-encoding genes (Bcstc1, Bcstc5 and Bcstc7). These results suggest a co-regulation of the expression of the sesquiterpene cyclase gene family in B. cinerea. The phenotypic characterization of both transformants reveals that BcStc3 is involved in oxidative stress tolerance, the production of reactive oxygen species and virulence. The metabolomic analysis allows the isolation of characteristic polyketides and eremophilenols from the secondary metabolism of B. cinerea, although no sesquiterpenes different from those already described are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Coca-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; (V.C.-R.); (I.S.); (J.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ivonne Suárez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; (V.C.-R.); (I.S.); (J.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; (J.M.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Josefina Aleu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; (V.C.-R.); (I.S.); (J.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Cantoral
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; (J.M.C.); (C.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria (IVAGRO), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Celedonio González
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Carlos Garrido
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; (J.M.C.); (C.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria (IVAGRO), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Nélida Brito
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Isidro G. Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; (V.C.-R.); (I.S.); (J.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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An K, Feng X, Ji J, Wang X, Pang M, Liu T, Wang S, Shi H, Dong J, Liu Y. Synergistic mechanism and environmental behavior of tank-mix adjuvants to topramezone and atrazine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20246-20257. [PMID: 38372921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
An effective way to reduce herbicide quantity is to use adjuvants in order to optimize the amount of herbicide and improve its control efficiency. In order to screen for efficient herbicide tank-mix adjuvants, improve the control of weeds in maize fields, reduce the amount of effective ingredients, and improve the adsorption and digestion behavior of herbicides in soil, this study evaluated the synergistic effects and soil behavior of four types of tank-mix adjuvants combined with herbicides. Different types of adjuvants can enhance herbicide production. Surface tension was significantly reduced by 13% after the pesticide solution was applied with AgroSpred™ Prime. The contact angle with the foliar surface was significantly reduced and solution wettability improved using Atp Lus 245-LQ-(TH). The permeability of topramezone and atrazine in leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. was increased by 22-96% after adding either tank-mix adjuvant. The solution drying time and maximum retention on leaves were not affected by the tank-mix adjuvants. Ethyl and methylated vegetable oils can reduce the adsorption of topramezone in the soil, thus reducing its half-life in soil. The tank-mix adjuvants had no significant effect on soil dissipation or adsorption of atrazine. AgroSpred™ Prime and Atp Lus 245-LQ-(TH) have the best synergistic effect on topramezone and atrazine in the control of A. retroflexus L. and D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop. in maize fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai An
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Ji
- Hebei Research Institute of Microbiology Co., LTD, Baoding, 071052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhao Pang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Resource Utilization and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaoning 125100, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiru Shi
- Resource Utilization and Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Wang S, Chen Y, Zhang G. TMT-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Sodium Pheophorbide A against Black Spot Needle Blight Caused by Pestalotiopsis neglecta in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:102. [PMID: 38392774 PMCID: PMC10889695 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Black spot needle blight is a minor disease in Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) caused by Pestalotiopsis neglecta, but it can cause economic losses in severe cases. Sodium pheophorbide a (SPA), an intermediate product of the chlorophyll metabolism pathway, is a compound with photoactivated antifungal activity, which has been previously shown to inhibit the growth of P. neglecta. In this study, SPA significantly reduced the incidence and disease index and enhanced the chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. To further study the molecular mechanism of the inhibition, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of P. neglecta mycelia with and without SPA treatment. The cellular proteins were obtained from P. neglecta mycelial samples and subjected to a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labelling LC-MS/MS analysis. Based on the results of de novo transcriptome assembly, 613 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (p < 0.05) were identified, of which 360 were upregulated and 253 downregulated. The 527 annotated DEPs were classified into 50 functional groups according to Gene Ontology and linked to 256 different pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database as a reference. A joint analysis of the transcriptome and proteomics results showed that the top three pathways were Amino acid metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism, and Lipid metabolism. These results provide new viewpoints into the molecular mechanism of the inhibition of P. neglecta by SPA at the protein level and a theoretical basis for evaluating SPA as an antifungal agent to protect forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuren Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yunze Chen
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Guocai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Yang X, Jiang Z, He J, Shen L. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Unveils Protein Dynamics in the Root of Solanum melongena L. under Waterlogging Stress Conditions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1399. [PMID: 37374181 DOI: 10.3390/life13061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging poses significant abiotic stress that endangers the survival of plants, including crops. In response, plants dramatically change their physiology to enhance their tolerance to waterlogging, such as proteome reconfiguration. Here, we utilized isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based protein labeling technique to examine the proteomic changes induced by waterlogging in the roots of Solanum melongena L., a solanaceous plant. The plants were subjected to 6, 12, and 24 h of waterlogging stress at the flowering stage. Of the 4074 identified proteins, compared to the control, the abundance of the proteins increased and decreased in 165 and 78 proteins, respectively, in 6 h of treatments; 219 and 89 proteins, respectively, in 12 h of treatments; and 126 and 127 proteins, respectively, in 24 h of treatments. The majority of these differentially regulated proteins participated in processes such as energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, signal transduction, and nitrogen metabolism. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and three alcohol dehydrogenase genes, in particular, were up- or down-regulated in waterlogging-treated Solanum melongena roots, suggesting that some proteins related to anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis and fermentation) may play vital roles in protecting its roots from waterlogging stress to enable long-term survival. Overall, this research not only offers a comprehensive dataset of protein alterations in waterlogged Solanum melongena roots but also insights into the mechanisms by which solanaceous plants adapt to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Shen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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He L, Wang M, Wang H, Zhao T, Cui K, Zhou L. iTRAQ proteomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of 1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactone on the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora capsici. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105125. [PMID: 35715063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is a highly destructive oomycete of vegetables; its management is challenging due to its broad host range, rapid dispersion, resilient spores and severe fungicide resistance. Identifying an effective alternative fungicide is important for the control of P. capsici. 1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactone (ABLOO), one of the secondary metabolites of Inula Britannica, showed a favorable inhibitory activity against P. capsici at different developmental stages, with a sensitivity order as follows: sporangia formation (30.45 mg/L) > zoospore discharge (77.69 mg/L) > mycelial growth (93.18 mg/L) > cystospore germination (591.48 mg/L). To investigate the mode of action of ABLOO in P. capsici, iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed by comparing the expression levels of proteins in the control and ABLOO-treated (400 mg/L, inhibition rate of 80%) mycelial groups. A total of 65 downregulated and 75 upregulated proteins were identified in the proteomic analysis. Functional enrichment analyses showed that proteins with transmembrane transport activity were significantly inhibited, while proteins involved in energy production were significantly increased, including proteins involved in ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The morphological results indicated that ABLOO treatment could decrease the thickness of the cell walls of P. capsici mycelia. Correspondingly, biochemical results showed that ABLOO treatment reduced the β-1,3-glucan contents (the key component of the cell wall of P. capsici) and increased the cell membrane permeability of P. capsici. ABLOO may exhibit antioomycete activity by destroying the cell membrane of P. capsici. This study provides new evidence regarding the inhibitory mechanisms of ABLOO against P. capsici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming He
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- Forest Diseases and Pests Control and Quarantine Station of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China
| | - Te Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Kaidi Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
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Owens RA, Doyle S. Effects of antifungal agents on the fungal proteome: informing on mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:185-199. [PMID: 33797307 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1912601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antifungal agents are essential in the fight against serious fungal disease, however emerging resistance is threatening an already limited collection of therapeutics. Proteomic analyses of effects of antifungal agents can expand our understanding of multifactorial mechanisms of action and have also proven valuable to elucidate proteomic changes associated with antifungal resistance. AREAS COVERED This review covers the application of proteomic techniques to examine sensitivity and resistance to antifungals including commonly used therapeutics, amphotericin B, echinocandins and the azoles, based predominantly on studies involving Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata from the last 10 years. In addition, non-clinical antimicrobial agents are also discussed, which highlight the potential of proteomics to identify new antifungal targets. EXPERT COMMENTARY Fungal proteomics has evolved in the last decade with increased genome availability and developments in mass spectrometry. Collectively, these have led to the advancement of proteomic techniques, allowing increased coverage of the proteome. Gel-based proteomics laid the foundation for these types of studies, which has now shifted to the more powerful gel-free proteomics. This has resulted in the identification of key mediators and potential biomarkers of antifungal resistance, as well as elucidating the mechanisms of action of novel and established antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Owens
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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