|
1
|
Liu Y, Wei X, Chang F, Yu N, Guo C, Cai H. Distribution and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Soybean Root Rot in Northeast China. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:575-583. [PMID: 38081317 PMCID: PMC10721389 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2023.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium root rot is an increasingly severe problem in soybean cultivation. Although several Fusarium species have been reported to infect soybean roots in Heilongjiang province, their frequency and aggressiveness have not been systematically quantified in the region. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and distribution of Fusarium species that cause soybean root rot in Heilongjiang province over two years. A total of 485 isolates belonging to nine Fusarium species were identified, with F. oxysporum and F. solani being the most prevalent. Pot experiments were conducted to examine the relative aggressiveness of different Fusarium species on soybean roots, revealing that F. oxysporum and F. solani were the most aggressive pathogens, causing the most severe root rot symptoms. The study also assessed the susceptibility of different soybean cultivars to Fusarium root rot caused by F. oxysporum and F. solani. The results indicated that the soybean cultivar DN51 exhibited the most resistance to both pathogens, indicating that it may possess genetic traits that make it less susceptible to Fusarium root rot. These findings provide valuable insights into the diversity and distribution of Fusarium species that cause soybean root rot and could facilitate the development of effective management strategies for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Xuena Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Feng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Hongsheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Blanco-Meneses M, Serrano-Porras M, Calderón-Abarca A, Sebiani-Calvo A, Vargas G, Castro-Zúñiga O. Tolerance Evaluation of Celery Commercial Cultivars and Genetic Variability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2732. [PMID: 38004744 PMCID: PMC10673204 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) is affected by several plant diseases, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (Foa). Four Foa races have been found in the US. The goals of this study were to determine which races are present in Costa Rica and to quantify the tolerance of the imported commercial cultivars of celery produced in the country. Isolates from 125 symptomatic celery plants from three different geographical locations were analyzed, 65 of which were selected for phylogenetic analysis. All isolates presented a short sequence of five nucleotides that differentiates Foa race 3 in the IGS rDNA region. Three different haplotypes closely related to race 3 were found, which were highly virulent, produced great losses, and affected all cultivars (resistant to races 2 and 4) of imported commercial celery. Additionally, five different cultivars of celery were evaluated against seven pathogen isolates identified as race 3 in greenhouse conditions. Two of the cultivars showed significantly less chlorosis, wilting, mortality, and higher fresh weight. Most of the Foa isolates significantly increased chlorosis, wilting, and mortality compared to non-inoculated control. Celery producers in Costa Rica lack access to seeds resistant to the Foa race 3 present in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Blanco-Meneses
- Plant Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Molecular Biology Department, Agronomy School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11801, Costa Rica; (A.C.-A.); (A.S.-C.); (G.V.)
| | - Mauricio Serrano-Porras
- Plant Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Phytopathology Department, Agronomy School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11801, Costa Rica; (M.S.-P.); (O.C.-Z.)
| | - Anny Calderón-Abarca
- Plant Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Molecular Biology Department, Agronomy School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11801, Costa Rica; (A.C.-A.); (A.S.-C.); (G.V.)
| | - Alejandro Sebiani-Calvo
- Plant Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Molecular Biology Department, Agronomy School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11801, Costa Rica; (A.C.-A.); (A.S.-C.); (G.V.)
| | - Gabriel Vargas
- Plant Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Molecular Biology Department, Agronomy School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11801, Costa Rica; (A.C.-A.); (A.S.-C.); (G.V.)
| | - Oscar Castro-Zúñiga
- Plant Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Phytopathology Department, Agronomy School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11801, Costa Rica; (M.S.-P.); (O.C.-Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Epstein L, Kaur S, Henry PM. The Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Race 4 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii Highlights Major Obstacles Facing Agricultural Production in Coastal California in a Warming Climate: A Case Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921516. [PMID: 35769302 PMCID: PMC9234665 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (Foa) race 4 in celery and F. oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii (Foci) in coriander have the characteristics of emerging infectious plant diseases in coastal southern California: the pathogens are spreading, yield losses can be severe, and there are currently no economical solutions for their control. Celery, and possibly coriander, production in these regions is are likely to have more severe disease from projected warmer conditions in the historically cool, coastal regions. Experimental evidence shows that Foa race 4 causes much higher disease severity when temperatures exceed 21°C. A phylogenomic analysis indicated that Foa race 4, an older, less virulent, and uncommon Foa race 3, and two Foci are closely related in their conserved genomes. These closely related genotypes are somatically compatible. Foa race 4 can also cause disease in coriander and the two organisms readily form "hetero" conidial anastomosis tubes (CAT), further increasing the likelihood of parasexual recombination and the generation of novel pathotypes. A horizontal chromosome transfer event likely accounts for the difference in host range between Foci versus Foa races 4 and 3 because they differ primarily in one or two accessory chromosomes. How Foa race 4 evolved its hyper-virulence is unknown. Although the accessory chromosomes of Foa races 3 and 4 are highly similar, there is no evidence that Foa race 4 evolved directly from race 3, and races 3 and 4 probably only have a common ancestor. Foa race 2, which is in a different clade within the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) than the other Foa, did not contribute to the evolution of race 4, and does not form CATs with Foa race 4; consequently, while inter-isolate CAT formation is genetically less restrictive than somatic compatibility, it might be more restricted between FOSC clades than currently known. Other relatively new F. oxysporum in coastal California include F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae on strawberry (Fof). Curiously, Fof "yellows-fragariae" isolates also have similar core genomes to Foa races 4 and 3 and Foci, perhaps suggesting that there may be core genome factors in this lineage that favor establishment in these soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Epstein
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Peter M. Henry
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Chen J, Ran F, Shi J, Chen T, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, He L, Li W, Wang B, Chen X, Wang W, Long Y. Identification of the Causal Agent of Brown Leaf Spot on Kiwifruit and Its Sensitivity to Different Active Ingredients of Biological Fungicides. Pathogens 2022; 11:673. [PMID: 35745527 PMCID: PMC9229313 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is an important commercial crop in China, and the occurrence of diseases may cause significant economic loss in its production. In the present study, a new pathogen that causes brown leaf spot disease on kiwifruit was reported. The fungus was isolated from an infected sample and identified as Fusarium graminearum based on morphological and molecular evaluation. Koch's postulates were confirmed when the pathogen was re-isolated from plants with artificially induced symptoms and identified as F. graminearum. Based on the biological characteristics of the pathogen, it was determined that: its optimal growth temperature was 25 °C; optimal pH was 7; most suitable carbon source was soluble starch; most suitable nitrogen source was yeast powder; and best photoperiod was 12 h light/12 h dark. Further investigations were conducted by determining 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of several active ingredients of biological fungicides against F. graminearum. The results showed that among the studied fungicides, tetramycin and honokiol had the highest antifungal activity against this pathogen. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of brown leaf spot disease on kiwifruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Fei Ran
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Jinqiao Shi
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Tingting Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Zhuzhu Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Linan He
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Bingce Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Xuetang Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Youhua Long
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (F.R.); (J.S.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.); (W.L.); (B.W.); (X.C.); (W.W.)
- Teaching Experimental Field of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|