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Maniatis EI, Karamichali I, Stefanidou E, Boutsika A, Tsitsigiannis DI, Paplomatas E, Madesis P, Zambounis A. Insights into the Transcriptional Reprogramming of Peach Leaves Inoculated with Taphrina deformans. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:861. [PMID: 38592856 PMCID: PMC10976055 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The dimorphic fungus Taphrina deformans is the causal agent of peach leaf curl disease, which affects leaves, flowers, and fruits. An RNA-seq approach was employed to gain insights into the transcriptional reprogramming of a peach cultivar during leaf inoculation with the yeast phase of the fungus across a compatible interaction. The results uncovered modulations of specific peach differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in peaches and pathways related to either the induction of host defense responses or pathogen colonization and disease spread. Expression profiles of DEGs were shown to be highly time-dependent and related to the presence of the two forms of the fungal growth, the inoculated yeast form and the later biotrophic phase during mycelial development. In parallel, this differential reprogramming was consistent with a diphasic detection of fungal load in the challenged leaves over the 120 h after inoculation (HAI) period. Leaf defense responses either occurred during the early yeast phase inoculation at 24 HAI, mediated primarily by cell wall modification processes, or more pronouncedly during the biotrophic phase at 72 HAI, as revealed by the activation of DEGs related to pathogen perception, signaling transduction, and secondary metabolism towards restraining further hypha proliferation. On the contrary, the expression patterns of specific DEGs at 120 HAI might further contribute to host susceptibility. These findings will further allow us to elucidate the molecular responses beyond the peach-T. deformans interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissaios I. Maniatis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Karamichali
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Center for Research and Technology (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Stefanidou
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Center for Research and Technology (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Paplomatas
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Center for Research and Technology (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Christita M, Sipilä TP, Auzane A, Overmyer K. Distinct Taphrina strains from the phyllosphere of birch exhibiting a range of witches' broom disease symptoms. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3549-3564. [PMID: 35579036 PMCID: PMC9545635 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phyllosphere is an important microbial habitat and reservoir of organisms that modify plant health. Taphrina betulina is the causal agent of birch witches' broom disease. Taphrina species are dimorphic, infecting hosts in the filamentous form and residing in the host phyllosphere as non‐infectious yeast. As such, they are expected to be found as resident yeasts on their hosts, even on healthy tissues; however, there is little experimental data supporting this supposition. With the aim of exploring the local infection ecology of T. betulina, we isolated yeasts from the phyllosphere of birch leaves, using three sample classes; infected leaves inside symptom‐bearing branches, healthy leaves from symptom‐free branches on symptom‐bearing trees and leaves from symptom‐free branches on symptom‐free trees. Isolations yielded 224 yeast strains, representing 11 taxa, including T. betulina, which was the most common isolate and was found in all sample classes, including symptom‐free samples. Genotyping revealed genetic diversity among these T. betulina isolates, with seven distinct genotypes differentiated by the markers used. Twenty‐two representative T. betulina strains were selected for further study, revealing further phenotypic differences. These findings support that T. betulina is ubiquitous on birch and that individual trees host a diversity of T. betulina strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretta Christita
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Manado, Jalan Adipura, Mapanget, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Timo P Sipilä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Agate Auzane
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hughes G, Choudhury RA, McRoberts N. Summary Measures of Predictive Power Associated with Logistic Regression Models of Disease Risk. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:712-715. [PMID: 30543490 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-18-0356-le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For an ordinary least-squares regression model, the coefficient of determination (R2) describes the proportion (or percentage) of variance of the response variable explained by the model, and is a widely accepted summary measure of predictive power. A number of R2-analogues are available as summary measures of predictive power associated with logistic regression models, including models of disease risk. Tjur's R2 and McFadden's R2 are of particular interest in this context. Both of these metrics have transparent derivations, which reveal that they apply to different aspects of model evaluation. Tjur's R2 is a measure of separation between (known) actual states (e.g., gold standard determinations of "healthy" or "diseased" status) whereas McFadden's R2 is a measure of separation between predicted states (e.g., forecasts of disease status based on models of disease risk). This clarifies their interpretation in the context of evaluation of logistic regression models of disease risk. In addition, versions of both Tjur's R2 and McFadden's R2 may be obtained from analyses of disease risk that are not preceded by logistic regression analysis. Tjur's R2 and McFadden's R2 are shown to be useful, distinct summary measures of predictive power for epidemiological models of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hughes
- 1 Crop & Soil Systems, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - R A Choudhury
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, U.S.A.; and
| | - N McRoberts
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616, U.S.A
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Svetaz LA, Bustamante CA, Goldy C, Rivero N, Müller GL, Valentini GH, Fernie AR, Drincovich MF, Lara MV. Unravelling early events in the Taphrina deformans-Prunus persica interaction: an insight into the differential responses in resistant and susceptible genotypes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1456-1473. [PMID: 28244594 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaf peach curl is a devastating disease affecting leaves, flowers and fruits, caused by the dimorphic fungus Taphrina deformans. To gain insight into the mechanisms of fungus pathogenesis and plant responses, leaves of a resistant and two susceptible Prunus persica genotypes were inoculated with blastospores (yeast), and the infection was monitored during 120 h post inoculation (h.p.i.). Fungal dimorphism to the filamentous form and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), callose synthesis, cell death and defence compound production were observed independently of the genotype. Fungal load significantly decreased after 120 h.p.i. in the resistant genotype, while the pathogen tended to grow in the susceptible genotypes. Metabolic profiling revealed a biphasic re-programming of plant tissue in susceptible genotypes, with an initial stage co-incident with the yeast form of the fungus and a second when the hypha is developed. Transcriptional analysis of PRs and plant hormone-related genes indicated that pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are involved in P. persica defence responses against T. deformans and that salicylic acid is induced in the resistant genotype. Conducted experiments allowed the elucidation of common and differential responses in susceptible versus resistant genotypes and thus allow us to construct a picture of early events during T. deformans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Svetaz
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia A Bustamante
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Camila Goldy
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nery Rivero
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gabriela L Müller
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gabriel H Valentini
- Estación Experimental San Pedro, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Nacional no. 9 Km 170, San Pedro, Argentina
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - María F Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María V Lara
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
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