1
|
Nishiguchi M, Ali ME, Kaya T, Kobayashi K. Plant virus disease control by vaccination and transgenic approaches: Current status and perspective. PLANT RNA VIRUSES 2023:373-424. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95339-9.00028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
2
|
Dhakar V, Geetanjali AS. Role of pepper mild mottle virus as a tracking tool for fecal pollution in aquatic environments. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:513. [PMID: 35864362 PMCID: PMC9303839 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The plant pathogen pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) has recently been proposed as a water quality indicator, it is a RNA virus belonging to the genus Tobamovirus in the family Virgoviridae that causes harm to the pepper crops. After consuming processed food products containing infected peppers, such as hot sauces, PMMoV is excreted in high concentrations in feces; therefore, this is the most common RNA virus, constantly found in the feces of humans. The fecal-oral pathway is emerging as an environmental problem. The presence of high concentrations of pathogens associated with human excreta in environmental waters or water reuse supplies poses a threat to public health. Due to the difficulty in determining the presence of pathogens effectively in water, attempts to monitor microbial water quality often use surrogates or indicator organisms that can be easily detected; therefore, PMMoV is used as a viral surrogate in aquatic environment. This paper describes the incidence and persistence of PMMoV in aquatic environments and in waste treatment plants and its usefulness for quantifying virus reductions by advanced water treatment technologies. In recent research, SARS-CoV-2 was reported to be found in wastewater and utilized for the purpose of monitoring coronavirus illness outbreaks. Since PMMoV is readily identified in the human feces and can also serve as an indicator of human waste, the determined PMMoV concentrations may be utilized to give the normalized report of the SARS-CoV-2 concentration, so that, the amount of human waste found in the wastewater can be taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Dhakar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - A. Swapna Geetanjali
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiao Y, Zhao X, Hao K, Gao X, Xing D, Wang Z, An M, Xia Z, Wu Y. Characterization of small interfering RNAs derived from pepper mild mottle virus in infected pepper plants by high-throughput sequencing. Virus Res 2022; 307:198607. [PMID: 34688783 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) infects pepper plants and induces severe yield losses in China. However, the molecular interaction between PMMoV and pepper plants is largely unknown. RNA silencing is a eukaryotically conserved mechanism against viruses mediated by virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) in plants. In this study, the profiles of vsiRNAs from PMMoV in infected pepper plants were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that vsiRNAs were predominantly 21 and 22 nucleotides (nts) in length, and had a U bias at the 5'-terminal. The single-nucleotide resolution maps revealed that vsiRNAs were heterogeneously distributed throughout PMMoV genomic RNAs and hotspots of sense and antisense strands were mainly located in the RdRp and CP coding regions. The host transcripts targeted by vsiRNAs were predicted and they are mainly involved in physiological pathways related to stress response, cell regulation, and metabolism process. In addition, PMMoV infection induced significant up-regulation of CaAGO1a/1b/2, CaDCL2 and CaRDR1 gene transcripts in pepper plants, which are important components involved in antiviral RNA silencing pathway. Taken together, our results suggest the possible roles of vsiRNAs in PMMoV-pepper interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Jiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiuxiang Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Kaiqiang Hao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinran Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Institute of Pepper, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li C, Ito M, Kasajima I, Yoshikawa N. Estimation of the functions of viral RNA silencing suppressors by apple latent spherical virus vector. Virus Genes 2020; 56:67-77. [PMID: 31646461 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) is a latent virus with wide host range of plant species. In the present study, we prepared ALSV vectors expressing RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs) from eight plant viruses: P19 of carnation Italian ring spot virus (tombusvirus), 2b of peanut stunt virus (cucumovirus), NSs of tomato spotted wilt virus (tospovirus), HC-Pro of bean yellow mosaic virus (potyvirus), γb of barley stripe mosaic virus (hordeivirus), P15 of peanut clump virus (pecluvirus), P1 of rice yellow mottle virus (sobemovirus), or P21 of beet yellows virus (closterovirus). These vectors were inoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana to investigate the effects of RSSs on the virulence and accumulation of ALSV. Among the vectors, ALSV expressing NSs (ALSV-NSs) developed severe mosaic symptoms in newly developed leaves followed by plant death. Infection of ALSV-γb induced characteristic concentric ringspot symptoms on leaves, and plants infected with ALSV-HC-Pro showed mosaic and dwarf symptoms. Infection of the other five ALSV vectors did not show symptoms. ELISA and immunoblot assay indicated that virus titer increased in leaves infected with ALSV-NSs, γb, HC-Pro, or P19. RT-qPCR indicated that the amount of ALSV in plants infected with ALSV-NSs was increased by approximately 45 times compared with that of wtALSV without expression of any RSS. When ALSV-P19, NSs, or HC-Pro was inoculated to Cucumis sativus plants, none of these ALSV vectors induced symptoms, but accumulation of ALSV in plants infected with ALSV-NSs was increased, suggesting that functions of RSSs on virulence and accumulation of ALSV depend on host species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Li
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kasajima
- Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
- Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen H, Ino M, Shimono M, Wagh SG, Kobayashi K, Yaeno T, Yamaoka N, Bai G, Nishiguchi M. A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Intervening Region of 129K Protein of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus Resulted in Attenuated Symptoms. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:146-152. [PMID: 31559902 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-18-0478-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), a member of the genus Tobamovirus, is a major threat to economically important cucurbit crops worldwide. An attenuated strain (SH33b) derived from a severe strain (SH) of CGMMV caused a reduction in the viral RNA accumulation and the attenuation of symptoms, and it has been successfully used to protect muskmelon plants against severe strains in Japan. In this study, we compared GFP-induced silencing suppression by the 129K protein and the methyltransferase domain plus intervening region (MTIR) of the 129K protein between the SH and SH33b strains, respectively. As a result, silencing suppression activity (SSA) in the GFP-silenced plants was inhibited efficiently by the MTIR and 129K protein of SH strain, and it coincided with drastically reduced accumulation of GFP-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) but not by that of SH33b strain. Furthermore, analyses of siRNA binding capability (SBC) by the MTIR of 129K protein and 129K protein using electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that SBC was found with the MTIR and 129K protein of SH but not with that of SH33b, suggesting that a single amino acid mutation (E to G) in the MTIR is responsible for impaired SSA and SBC of SH33b. These data suggest that a single amino acid substitution in the intervening region of 129K protein of CGMMV resulted in attenuated symptoms by affecting RNA silencing suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - M Ino
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - M Shimono
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - S G Wagh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - T Yaeno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - N Yamaoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - G Bai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
- Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - M Nishiguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu M, Liu H, Zheng H, Yan F, Zhao X, Xia Z, An M, Wu Y. Viral sequences required for efficient viral infection differ between two Chinese pepper mild mottle virus isolates. Virus Res 2019; 267:9-15. [PMID: 31039366 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes mosaic symptoms and malformation on both leaf and fruit of pepper, reduces considerable economical yields and poses threats to human health. In this study, infectious clone of PMMoV Huludao (HLD) isolate (pCB-PMMoV-HLD) was constructed and its infectious ablility in Nicotiana benthamiana was confirmed by virions observation and Northern blot analysis. The mutant PMMoV (HLD-fsCP) that cannot express coat protein (CP) showed reduced viral accumulation but can systemically infect N. benthamiana. We constructed several chimeric mutant viruses (ZA-HB-HC, HA-ZB-HC, HA-HB-ZC and HA-ZB-ZC) by sequences substitution between PMMoV-HLD and PMMoV Zhejiang isolates (PMMoV-ZJ) and analyzed their infectious abilities in N. benthamiana and Capsicum annuum. The results showed that the chimera virus expressed by pCB-ZA-HB-HC, pCB-HA-HB-ZC and pCB-HA-ZB-ZC, but not by pCB-HA-ZB-HC, exhibited reduced infectious ability compared with wild-type PMMoV-ZJ and PMMoV-HLD, which indicated that RNA sequences required for efficient infection of PMMoV differ between the two virus isolates. The differential requirement of viral RNA sequences for efficient PMMoV infection provided theoretical value to further understand the infection and pathogenesis of PMMoV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315200, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315200, China
| | - Xiuxiang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mengnan An
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Das PP, Chua GM, Lin Q, Wong SM. iTRAQ-based analysis of leaf proteome identifies important proteins in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and defence pathways crucial to cross-protection against TMV. J Proteomics 2019; 196:42-56. [PMID: 30726703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cross-protection is a phenomenon in which infection with a mild virus strain protects host plants against subsequent infection with a closely related severe virus strain. This study showed that a mild strain mutant virus, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-43A could cross protect Nicotiana benthamiana plants against wild-type TMV. Furthermore, we investigated the host responses at the proteome level to identify important host proteins involved in cross-protection. We used the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique to analyze the proteome profiles of TMV, TMV-43A and cross-protected plants at different time-points. Our results showed that TMV-43A can cross-protect N. benthamiana plants from TMV. In cross-protected plants, photosynthetic activities were augmented, as supported by the increased accumulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPS) enzymes, which are crucial for chlorophyll biosynthesis. The increased abundance of ROS scavenging enzymes like thioredoxins and L-ascorbate peroxidase would prevent oxidative damage in cross-protected plants. Interestingly, the abundance of defence-related proteins (14-3-3 and NbSGT1) decreased, along with a reduction in virus accumulation during cross-protection. In conclusion, we have identified several important host proteins that are crucial in cross-protection to counter TMV infection in N. benthamiana plants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: TMV is the most studied model for host-virus interaction in plants. It can infect wide varieties of plant species, causing significant economic losses. Cross protection is one of the methods to combat virus infection. A few cross-protection mechanisms have been proposed, including replicase/coat protein-mediated resistance, RNA silencing, and exclusion/spatial separation between virus strains. However, knowledge on host responses at the proteome level during cross protection is limited. To address this knowledge gap, we have leveraged on a global proteomics analysis approach to study cross protection. We discovered that TMV-43A (protector) protects N. benthamiana plants from TMV (challenger) infection through multiple host pathways: secondary metabolite biosynthesis, photosynthesis, defence, carbon metabolism, protein translation and processing and amino acid biosynthesis. In the secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathway, enzymes 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPS) play crucial roles in chlorophyll biosynthesis during cross protection. In addition, accumulation of ROS scavenging enzymes was also found in cross-protected plants, providing rescues from excessive oxidative damage. Reduced abundance of plant defence proteins is correlated to reduced virus accumulation in host plants. These findings have increased our knowledge in host responses during cross-protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Gao Ming Chua
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Sek-Man Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cong QQ, Wang Y, Liu J, Lan YF, Guo ZK, Yang JG, Li XD, Tian YP. Evaluation of Potato virus X mild mutants for cross protection against severe infection in China. Virol J 2019; 16:36. [PMID: 30894176 PMCID: PMC6425663 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross protection is a promising alternative to control plant viral diseases. One critical factor limiting the application of cross protection is the availability of attenuated mutants or mild strains. Potato virus X (PVX) infects many crops and induces huge economic losses to agricultural production. However, researches on the variability and mechanism of PVX virulence are scarce. METHODS The mutants were obtained by introducing mutations into the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of PVX via site-directed mutagenesis. Attenuated mutants were screen according to their symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The protection efficacy against severe infection were evaluated with interval of 5, 10 and 15 days. RESULTS Among the 40 mutants obtained, four mutants carrying substitutions of either Glu46, Asn863, Asn968 or Glu1001 to Ala in PVX RdRp showed drastically attenuated symptom, accompanying with reduced accumulation levels of coat protein, plus- and minus-sense RNAs. When the interval between protective and challenging inoculations was 15 days, mutant E1001A (with substitution of Glu1001 to Ala in RdRp) provided complete protection against severe infection in both Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato, while E46A (Glu46 mutated to Ala) provided incomplete protection. To reduce the risk of reverse mutation, we constructed mutant dM which carries double mutations of both Glu46 and Glu1001 to Ala in RdRp. The mutant dM could provide effective protection against severe PVX infection. CONCLUSION Mutations of Glu46, Asn863, Asn968 or Glu1001 to Ala in PVX RdRp significantly reduced the viral symptoms. Mutants E1001A and E46A could provide effective protection against wild type PVX in both Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. These results provide theoretical and practical bases for the control of PVX via cross protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Q. Cong
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Qingdao, 266101 China
- Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Y. Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - J. Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Y. F. Lan
- Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Z. K. Guo
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, 157011 Heilongjiang China
| | - J. G. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Qingdao, 266101 China
| | - X.-D. Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Y. P. Tian
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
First Complete Genome Sequence of Pepper mild mottle virus from Chili Pepper in the United States. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/18/e00331-18. [PMID: 29724834 PMCID: PMC5940964 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00331-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) was first reported as a latent strain in the United States and then later reported in other countries around the world. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of a PMMoV isolate (BL14) that was collected from chili pepper during the 2014 growing season in Oklahoma.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fujita N, Komatsu K, Ayukawa Y, Matsuo Y, Hashimoto M, Netsu O, Teraoka T, Yamaji Y, Namba S, Arie T. N-terminal region of cysteine-rich protein (CRP) in carlaviruses is involved in the determination of symptom types. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:180-190. [PMID: 27868376 PMCID: PMC6638135 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses in the genus Carlavirus include more than 65 members. Plants infected with carlaviruses exhibit various symptoms, including leaf malformation and plant stunting. Cysteine-rich protein (CRP) encoded by carlaviruses has been reported to be a pathogenicity determinant. Carlavirus CRPs contain two motifs in their central part: a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a zinc finger motif (ZF). In addition to these two conserved motifs, carlavirus CRPs possess highly divergent, N-terminal, 34 amino acid residues with unknown function. In this study, to analyse the role of these distinct domains, we tested six carlavirus CRPs for their RNA silencing suppressor activity, ability to enhance the pathogenicity of a heterologous virus and effects on virus accumulation levels. Although all six tested carlavirus CRPs showed RNA silencing suppressor activity at similar levels, symptoms induced by the Potato virus X (PVX) heterogeneous system exhibited two different patterns: leaf malformation and whole-plant stunting. The expression of each carlavirus CRP enhanced PVX accumulation levels, which were not correlated with symptom patterns. PVX-expressing CRP with mutations in either NLS or ZF did not induce symptoms, suggesting that both motifs play critical roles in symptom expression. Further analysis using chimeric CRPs, in which the N-terminal region was replaced with the corresponding region of another CRP, suggested that the N-terminal region of carlavirus CRPs determined the exhibited symptom types. The up-regulation of a plant gene upp-L, which has been reported in a previous study, was also observed in this study; however, the expression level was not responsible for symptom types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)183‐8509 FuchuJapan
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo113‐8657 TokyoJapan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)183‐8509 FuchuJapan
| | - Yu Ayukawa
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)183‐8509 FuchuJapan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu183‐8509Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)183‐8509 FuchuJapan
| | - Masayoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo113‐8657 TokyoJapan
| | - Osamu Netsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo113‐8657 TokyoJapan
| | - Tohru Teraoka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)183‐8509 FuchuJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo113‐8657 TokyoJapan
| | - Shigetou Namba
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo113‐8657 TokyoJapan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)183‐8509 FuchuJapan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han SH, Park JS, Han JY, Gong JS, Park CH, Kim JK, Seo EY, Domier LL, Hammond J, Lim HS. New Korean isolates of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) differ in symptom severity and subcellular localization of the 126 kDa protein. Virus Genes 2017; 53:434-445. [PMID: 28176159 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two isolates of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) were selected from a nationwide survey of pepper fields in South Korea in 2014 and 2015, in which Cucumber mosaic virus was also detected; the two PMMoV isolates, Sangcheong 47 (S-47, KX399390) and Jeongsong 76 (J-76, KX399389), share ~99% nucleotide and amino acid identity and are closely related to Japanese and Chinese isolates at the nucleotide level. Amino acid sequence comparisons revealed 99.73, 99.81, 98.44, and 100% identity in the ORF1, ORF2, MP, and CP, respectively, between S-47 and J-76. In addition, we generated infectious clones of S-47 and J-76, and T7 promoter driven transcripts of each inoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana produced very severe symptoms, whereas only mild symptoms developed in Capsicum annuum. Gene silencing suppressor function of 126 kDa and cytoskeleton-connected plasmodesmata localization of movement protein of S-47 and J-76 showed no difference between isolates, whereas 126 kDa of J-76 clearly formed intracellular aggregates not observed with S-47 126 kDa protein. Differences between these isolates in 126/183 kDa-related functions including subcellular localization suggest that differential interactions with host proteins may affect symptom development in C. annuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuk Han
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Park
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeong Han
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Jun-Su Gong
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Chan-Hwan Park
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Leslie L Domier
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Crop Sciences, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, United States National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, 10300 Baltimore Avenue B-010A, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ali ME, Waliullah S, Nishiguchi M. Molecular analysis of an attenuated strain of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus using in vitro infectious cDNA clone: pathogenicity and suppression of RNA silencing. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 25:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s13562-015-0312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
13
|
Nygren J, Shad N, Kvarnheden A, Westerbergh A. Variation in susceptibility to Wheat dwarf virus among wild and domesticated wheat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121580. [PMID: 25837893 PMCID: PMC4383415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the variation in plant response in host-pathogen interactions between wild (Aegilops spp., Triticum spp.) and domesticated wheat (Triticum spp.) and Wheat dwarf virus (WDV). The distribution of WDV and its wild host species overlaps in Western Asia in the Fertile Crescent, suggesting a coevolutionary relationship. Bread wheat originates from a natural hybridization between wild emmer wheat (carrying the A and B genomes) and the wild D genome donor Aegilops tauschii, followed by polyploidization and domestication. We studied whether the strong selection during these evolutionary processes, leading to genetic bottlenecks, may have resulted in a loss of resistance in domesticated wheat. In addition, we investigated whether putative fluctuations in intensity of selection imposed on the host-pathogen interactions have resulted in a variation in susceptibility to WDV. To test our hypotheses we evaluated eighteen wild and domesticated wheat taxa, directly or indirectly involved in wheat evolution, for traits associated with WDV disease such as leaf chlorosis, different growth traits and WDV content. The plants were exposed to viruliferous leafhoppers (Psammotettix alienus) in a greenhouse trial and evaluated at two time points. We found three different plant response patterns: i) continuous reduction in growth over time, ii) weak response at an early stage of plant development but a much stronger response at a later stage, and iii) remission of symptoms over time. Variation in susceptibility may be explained by differences in the intensity of natural selection, shaping the coevolutionary interaction between WDV and the wild relatives. However, genetic bottlenecks during wheat evolution have not had a strong impact on WDV resistance. Further, this study indicates that the variation in susceptibility may be associated with the genome type and that the ancestor Ae. tauschii may be useful as genetic resource for the improvement of WDV resistance in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Nygren
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nadeem Shad
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvarnheden
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerbergh
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Viral factors involved in plant pathogenesis. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 11:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
15
|
Junqueira BRT, Nicolini C, Lucinda N, Orílio AF, Nagata T. A simplified approach to construct infectious cDNA clones of a tobamovirus in a binary vector. J Virol Methods 2014; 198:32-6. [PMID: 24388933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious cDNA clones of RNA viruses are important tools to study molecular processes such as replication and host-virus interactions. However, the cloning steps necessary for construction of cDNAs of viral RNA genomes in binary vectors are generally laborious. In this study, a simplified method of producing an agro-infectious Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) clone is described in detail. Initially, the complete genome of PMMoV was amplified by a single-step RT-PCR, cloned, and subcloned into a small plasmid vector under the T7 RNA polymerase promoter to confirm the infectivity of the cDNA clone through transcript inoculation. The complete genome was then transferred to a binary vector using a single-step, overlap-extension PCR. The selected clones were agro-infiltrated to Nicotiana benthamiana plants and showed to be infectious, causing typical PMMoV symptoms. No differences in host responses were observed when the wild-type PMMoV isolate, the T7 RNA polymerase-derived transcripts and the agroinfiltration-derived viruses were inoculated to N. benthamiana, Capsicum chinense PI 159236 and Capsicum annuum plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cícero Nicolini
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lucinda
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Anelise Franco Orílio
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Pós-graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pallas V, García JA. How do plant viruses induce disease? Interactions and interference with host components. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2691-2705. [PMID: 21900418 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.034603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses are biotrophic pathogens that need living tissue for their multiplication and thus, in the infection-defence equilibrium, they do not normally cause plant death. In some instances virus infection may have no apparent pathological effect or may even provide a selective advantage to the host, but in many cases it causes the symptomatic phenotypes of disease. These pathological phenotypes are the result of interference and/or competition for a substantial amount of host resources, which can disrupt host physiology to cause disease. This interference/competition affects a number of genes, which seems to be greater the more severe the symptoms that they cause. Induced or repressed genes belong to a broad range of cellular processes, such as hormonal regulation, cell cycle control and endogenous transport of macromolecules, among others. In addition, recent evidence indicates the existence of interplay between plant development and antiviral defence processes, and that interference among the common points of their signalling pathways can trigger pathological manifestations. This review provides an update on the latest advances in understanding how viruses affect substantial cellular processes, and how plant antiviral defences contribute to pathological phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Pallas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de las Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio García
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Cross-protection is a phenomenon in which infection of a plant with a mild virus or viroid strain protects it from disease resulting from a subsequent encounter with a severe strain of the same virus or viroid. In this chapter, we review the history of cross-protection with regard to the development of ideas concerning its likely mechanisms, including RNA silencing and exclusion, and its influence on the early development of genetically engineered virus resistance. We also examine examples of the practical use of cross-protection in averting crop losses due to viruses, as well as the use of satellite RNAs to ameliorate the impact of virus-induced diseases. We also discuss the potential of cross-protection to contribute in future to the maintenance of crop health in the face of emerging virus diseases and related threats to agricultural production.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ichiki TU, Nagaoka EN, Hagiwara K, Sasaya T, Omura T. A single residue in the 126-kDa protein of pepper mild mottle virus controls the severity of symptoms on infected green bell pepper plants. Arch Virol 2009; 154:489-93. [PMID: 19184640 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infectious cDNA clones originally derived from a mild strain of Pepper mild mottle virus were constructed by replacing residue 649, a critical point for attenuation of this virus, with all possible amino acids. All clones were infectious to pepper plants and induced a variety of symptoms, including no visible symptoms. The results of this study showed that a single amino acid mutation at residue 649 could control the function of the 126- and 183-kDa proteins, replicases with multiple roles in the life cycle of this virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T U Ichiki
- Research Team for Vectorborne Diseases, National Agricultural Research Center, 3-1-1 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Díaz-Pendón JA, Ding SW. Direct and indirect roles of viral suppressors of RNA silencing in pathogenesis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2008; 46:303-26. [PMID: 18680427 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.46.081407.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant and animal viruses overcome host antiviral silencing by encoding diverse viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). Prior to the identification and characterization of their silencing suppression activities mostly in transgene silencing assays, plant VSRs were known to enhance virus accumulation in the inoculated protoplasts, promote cell-to-cell virus movement in the inoculated leaves, facilitate the phloem-dependent long-distance virus spread, and/or intensify disease symptoms in systemically infected tissues. Here we discuss how the various silencing suppression activities of VSRs may facilitate these distinct steps during plant infection and why VSRs may not play a direct role in eliciting disease symptoms by general impairments of host endogenous small RNA pathways. We also highlight many of the key questions still to be addressed on the role of viral suppression of antiviral silencing in plant infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Díaz-Pendón
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|