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Mo C, Wu Z, Xie H, Zhang S, Li H. Genetic diversity analysis of papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus isolates infecting transgenic papaya "Huanong No. 1" in South China. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11671-11683. [PMID: 33144992 PMCID: PMC7593138 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The commercialized genetically modified papaya "Huanong No. 1" has been utilized to successfully control the destructive virus-papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) in South China since 2006. However, another new emerging virus, papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), was found in some PRSV-resistant transgenic plants in Guangdong and Hainan provinces of South China through a field investigation from 2012 to 2019. The survey results showed that "Huanong No. 1" papaya plants are susceptible to PLDMV, and the disease prevalence in Hainan Province is generally higher than that in Guangdong Province. Twenty representative isolates were selected to inoculate "Huanong No. 1," and all of the inoculated plants showed obvious disease symptoms similar to those in the field, indicating that PLDMV is a new threat to widely cultivated transgenic papaya in South China. Phylogenetic analysis of 111 PLDMV isolates in Guangdong and Hainan based on the coat protein nucleotide sequences showed that PLDMV isolates can be divided into two groups. The Japan and Taiwan China isolates belong to group I, whereas the Guangdong and Hainan isolates belong to group II and can be further divided into two subgroups. The Guangdong and Hainan isolates are far different from the Japan and Taiwan China isolates and belong to a new lineage. Further analysis showed that the Guangdong and Hainan isolates had a high degree of genetic differentiation, and no recombination was found. These isolates deviated from neutral evolution and experienced population expansion events in the past, which might still be unstable. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the evolutionary mechanism and population genetics of the virus and for preventing and controlling the viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering CenterInstitute of BioengineeringGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Hengping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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An N, Lv J, Zhang A, Xiao C, Zhang R, Chen P. Gene expression profiling of papaya (Carica papaya L.) immune response induced by CTS-N after inoculating PLDMV. Gene 2020; 755:144845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Tuo D, Zhou P, Zhao G, Yan P, Tan D, Li X, Shen W. A Double Mutation in the Conserved Motifs of the Helper Component Protease of Papaya Leaf Distortion Mosaic Virus for the Generation of a Cross-Protective Attenuated Strain. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:187-193. [PMID: 31516080 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-19-0328-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potyviral helper component protease (HC-Pro), as a major determinant of symptom expression in susceptible plants, is a likely target candidate in the production of attenuated strains for cross-protection. In this study, single or double mutations of Lys (K) to Glu (E) in the Lys-Ile-Thr-Cys motif and Arg (R) to Ile (I) in the Phe-Arg-Asn-Lys motif of the HC-Pro from the severe papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus strain DF (PLDMV-DF) reduced symptom expression and virus accumulation in infected papaya (Carica papaya) plants. The papaya plants infected with the attenuated double mutant of PLDMV-EI presented as symptomless. PLDMV-EI provided effective protection against PLDMV-DF infection in three papaya cultivars and had no effect on plant growth and development. Our result showed that PLDMV-EI is a promising mild strain for the practical use of cross-protection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Dong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
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Kim HB, Lee Y, Kim CG. Research status of the development of genetically modified papaya (Carica papaya L.) and its biosafety assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5010/jpb.2018.45.3.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Bang Kim
- Life Sciences Research Institute, Biomedic Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14548, Korea
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea
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Varun P, Ranade SA, Saxena S. A molecular insight into papaya leaf curl-a severe viral disease. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:2055-2070. [PMID: 28540512 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Papaya leaf curl disease (PaLCuD) caused by papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV) not only affects yield but also plant growth and fruit size and quality of papaya and is one of the most damaging and economically important disease. Management of PaLCuV is a challenging task due to diversity of viral strains, the alternate hosts, and the genomic complexities of the viruses. Several management strategies currently used by plant virologists to broadly control or eliminate the viruses have been discussed. In the absence of such strategies in the case of PaLCuV at present, the few available options to control the disease include methods like removal of affected plants from the field, insecticide treatments against the insect vector (Bemisia tabaci), and gene-specific control through transgenic constructs. This review presents the current understanding of papaya leaf curl disease, genomic components including satellite DNA associated with the virus, wide host and vector range, and management of the disease and suggests possible generic resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Varun
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P. State, India
| | - S A Ranade
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P. State, India
| | - Sangeeta Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P. State, India.
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Tarora K, Shudo A, Kawano S, Yasuda K, Ueno H, Matsumura H, Urasaki N. Development of plants resistant to Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus by intergeneric hybridization between Carica papaya and Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:734-741. [PMID: 28163589 PMCID: PMC5282761 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we confirmed that Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis resists Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), and used it to produce intergeneric hybrids with Carica papaya. From the cross between C. papaya and V. cundinamarcensis, we obtained 147 seeds with embryos. Though C. papaya is a monoembryonic plant, multiple embryos were observed in all 147 seeds. We produced 218 plants from 28 seeds by means of embryo-rescue culture. All plants had pubescence on their petioles and stems characteristic of V. cundinamarcensis. Flow cytometry and PCR of 28 plants confirmed they were intergeneric hybrids. To evaluate virus resistance, mechanical inoculation of PLDMV was carried out. The test showed that 41 of 134 intergeneric hybrid plants showed no symptoms and were resistant. The remaining 93 hybrids showed necrotic lesions on the younger leaves than the inoculated leaves. In most of the 93 hybrids, the necrotic lesions enclosed the virus and prevented further spread. These results suggest that the intergeneric hybrids will be valuable material for PLDMV-resistant papaya breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Tarora
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, 820 Makabe, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan; Department of Bioscience and Textile Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Ayano Shudo
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center , 820 Makabe, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336 , Japan
| | - Shinji Kawano
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Yaeyama Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Promotion Center , 438-1 Maezato, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907-002 , Japan
| | - Keiji Yasuda
- Okinawa Prefectural Forest Resources Research Center , 4605-5 Nago, Nago, Okinawa 905-0012 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueno
- Department of Bioscience and Textile Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan; Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, 360 Kusawa, Anno, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumura
- Gene Research Center, Shinshu University , 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567 , Japan
| | - Naoya Urasaki
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center , 820 Makabe, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336 , Japan
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Tuo D, Shen W, Yan P, Li X, Zhou P. Rapid Construction of Stable Infectious Full-Length cDNA Clone of Papaya Leaf Distortion Mosaic Virus Using In-Fusion Cloning. Viruses 2015; 7:6241-50. [PMID: 26633465 PMCID: PMC4690859 DOI: 10.3390/v7122935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV) is becoming a threat to papaya and transgenic papaya resistant to the related pathogen, papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). The generation of infectious viral clones is an essential step for reverse-genetics studies of viral gene function and cross-protection. In this study, a sequence- and ligation-independent cloning system, the In-Fusion® Cloning Kit (Clontech, Mountain View, CA, USA), was used to construct intron-less or intron-containing full-length cDNA clones of the isolate PLDMV-DF, with the simultaneous scarless assembly of multiple viral and intron fragments into a plasmid vector in a single reaction. The intron-containing full-length cDNA clone of PLDMV-DF was stably propagated in Escherichia coli.In vitro intron-containing transcripts were processed and spliced into biologically active intron-less transcripts following mechanical inoculation and then initiated systemic infections in Carica papaya L. seedlings, which developed similar symptoms to those caused by the wild-type virus. However, no infectivity was detected when the plants were inoculated with RNA transcripts from the intron-less construct because the instability of the viral cDNA clone in bacterial cells caused a non-sense or deletion mutation of the genomic sequence of PLDMV-DF. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of PLDMV and the splicing of intron-containing transcripts following mechanical inoculation. In-Fusion cloning shortens the construction time from months to days. Therefore, it is a faster, more flexible, and more efficient method than the traditional multistep restriction enzyme-mediated subcloning procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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Kung YJ, You BJ, Raja JAJ, Chen KC, Huang CH, Bau HJ, Yang CF, Huang CH, Chang CP, Yeh SD. Nucleotide sequence-homology-independent breakdown of transgenic resistance by more virulent virus strains and a potential solution. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9804. [PMID: 25913508 PMCID: PMC5386206 DOI: 10.1038/srep09804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling plant viruses by genetic engineering, including the globally important Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), mainly involves coat protein (CP) gene mediated resistance via post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). However, the breakdown of single- or double-virus resistance in CP-gene-transgenic papaya by more virulent PRSV strains has been noted in repeated field trials. Recombination analysis revealed that the gene silencing suppressor HC-Pro or CP of the virulent PRSV strain 5-19 is responsible for overcoming CP-transgenic resistance in a sequence-homology-independent manner. Transient expression assays using agro-infiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana plants indicated that 5-19 HC-Pro exhibits stronger PTGS suppression than the transgene donor strain. To disarm the suppressor from the virulent strain, transgenic papaya lines were generated carrying untranslatable 5-19 HC-Pro, which conferred complete resistance to 5-19 and other geographic PRSV strains. Our study suggested the potential risk of the emergence of more virulent virus strains, spurred by the deployment of CP-gene-transgenic crops, and provides a strategy to combat such strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Kung
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bang-Jau You
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Joseph A. J. Raja
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuan-Chun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiung-Huei Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Huey-Jiunn Bau
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fu Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Hao Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Ping Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abreu PMV, Antunes TFS, Magaña-Álvarez A, Pérez-Brito D, Tapia-Tussell R, Ventura JA, Fernandes AAR, Fernandes PMB. A current overview of the Papaya meleira virus, an unusual plant virus. Viruses 2015; 7:1853-70. [PMID: 25856636 PMCID: PMC4411680 DOI: 10.3390/v7041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) is the causal agent of papaya sticky disease, which is characterized by a spontaneous exudation of fluid and aqueous latex from the papaya fruit and leaves. The latex oxidizes after atmospheric exposure, resulting in a sticky feature on the fruit from which the name of the disease originates. PMeV is an isometric virus particle with a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome of approximately 12 Kb. Unusual for a plant virus, PMeV particles are localized on and linked to the polymers present in the latex. The ability of the PMeV to inhabit such a hostile environment demonstrates an intriguing interaction of the virus with the papaya. A hypersensitivity response is triggered against PMeV infection, and there is a reduction in the proteolytic activity of papaya latex during sticky disease. In papaya leaf tissues, stress responsive proteins, mostly calreticulin and proteasome-related proteins, are up regulated and proteins related to metabolism are down-regulated. Additionally, PMeV modifies the transcription of several miRNAs involved in the modulation of genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Until now, no PMeV resistant papaya genotype has been identified and roguing is the only viral control strategy available. However, a single inoculation of papaya plants with PMeV dsRNA delayed the progress of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolla M V Abreu
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Tathiana F S Antunes
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Anuar Magaña-Álvarez
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- Laboratorio GeMBio, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97200, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Daisy Pérez-Brito
- Laboratorio GeMBio, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97200, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Tapia-Tussell
- Laboratorio GeMBio, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97200, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - José A Ventura
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Vitória 29050790, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio A R Fernandes
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Patricia M B Fernandes
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Tuo D, Shen W, Yang Y, Yan P, Li X, Zhou P. Development and validation of a multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay for simultaneous detection of three papaya viruses. Viruses 2014; 6:3893-906. [PMID: 25337891 PMCID: PMC4213569 DOI: 10.3390/v6103893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), and Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) produce similar symptoms in papaya. Each threatens commercial production of papaya on Hainan Island, China. In this study, a multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay was developed to detect simultaneously these three viruses by screening combinations of mixed primer pairs and optimizing the multiplex RT-PCR reaction conditions. A mixture of three specific primer pairs was used to amplify three distinct fragments of 613 bp from the P3 gene of PRSV, 355 bp from the CP gene of PLDMV, and 205 bp from the CP gene of PapMV, demonstrating the assay's specificity. The sensitivity of the multiplex RT-PCR was evaluated by showing plasmids containing each of the viral target genes with 1.44 × 103, 1.79 × 103, and 1.91 × 102 copies for the three viruses could be detected successfully. The multiplex RT-PCR was applied successfully for detection of three viruses from 341 field samples collected from 18 counties of Hainan Island, China. Rates of single infections were 186/341 (54.5%), 93/341 (27.3%), and 3/341 (0.9%), for PRSV, PLDMV, and PapMV, respectively; 59/341 (17.3%) of the samples were co-infected with PRSV and PLDMV, which is the first time being reported in Hainan Island. This multiplex RT-PCR assay is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective method for detecting multiple viruses in papaya and can be used for routine molecular diagnosis and epidemiological studies in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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11
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Shen W, Tuo D, Yan P, Yang Y, Li X, Zhou P. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Papaya ringspot virus. J Virol Methods 2014; 204:93-100. [PMID: 24769198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), which causes disease symptoms similar to PRSV, threaten commercial production of both non-transgenic-papaya and PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya in China. A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to detect PLDMV was developed previously. In this study, the development of another RT-LAMP assay to distinguish among transgenic, PRSV-infected and PLDMV-infected papaya by detection of PRSV is reported. A set of four RT-LAMP primers was designed based on the highly conserved region of the P3 gene of PRSV. The RT-LAMP method was specific and sensitive in detecting PRSV, with a detection limit of 1.15×10(-6)μg of total RNA per reaction. Indeed, the reaction was 10 times more sensitive than one-step RT-PCR. Field application of the RT-LAMP assay demonstrated that samples positive for PRSV were detected only in non-transgenic papaya, whereas samples positive for PLDMV were detected only in commercialized PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya. This suggests that PRSV remains the major limiting factor for non-transgenic-papaya production, and the emergence of PLDMV threatens the commercial transgenic cultivar in China. However, this study, combined with the earlier development of an RT-LAMP assay for PLDMV, will provide a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective diagnostic power to distinguish virus infections in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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Shen W, Tuo D, Yan P, Li X, Zhou P. Detection of Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus by reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Virol Methods 2013; 195:174-9. [PMID: 24100065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV) can infect transgenic papaya resistant to a related pathogen, Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), posing a substantial threat to papaya production in China. Current detection methods, however, are unable to be used for rapid detection in the field. Here, a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the detection of PLDMV, using a set of four RT-LAMP primers designed based on the conserved sequence of PLDMV CP. The RT-LAMP method detected specifically PLDMV and was highly sensitive, with a detection limit of 1.32×10(-6) μg of total RNA per reaction. Indeed, the reaction was 10 times more sensitive than one-step RT-PCR, while also requiring significantly less time and equipment. The effectiveness of RT-LAMP and one-step RT-PCR in detecting the virus were compared using 90 field samples of non-transgenic papaya and 90 field samples of commercialized PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya from Hainan Island. None of the non-transgenic papaya tested positive for PLDMV using either method. In contrast, 19 of the commercialized PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya samples tested positive by RT-LAMP assay, and 6 of those tested negative by RT-PCR. Therefore, the PLDMV-specific RT-LAMP is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective tool in the field diagnosis and control of PLDMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Generation of hermaphrodite transgenic papaya lines with virus resistance via transformation of somatic embryos derived from adventitious roots of in vitro shoots. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:621-35. [PMID: 19943109 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Papaya production is seriously limited by Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) worldwide and Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV) in Eastern Asia. An efficient transformation method for developing papaya lines with transgenic resistance to these viruses and commercially desirable traits, such as hermaphroditism, is crucial to shorten the breeding program for this fruit crop. In this investigation, an untranslatable chimeric construct pYP08 containing truncated PRSV coat protein (CP) and PLDMV CP genes coupled with the 3' untranslational region of PLDMV, was generated. Root segments from different portions of adventitious roots of in vitro multiple shoots of hermaphroditic plants of papaya cultivars 'Tainung No. 2', 'Sunrise', and 'Thailand' were cultured on induction medium for regeneration into somatic embryos. The highest frequency of somatic embryogenesis was from the root-tip segments of adventitious roots developed 2-4 weeks after rooting in perlite medium. After proliferation, embryogenic tissues derived from somatic embryos were wounded in liquid-phase by carborundum and transformed by Agrobacterium carrying pYP08. Similarly, another construct pBG-PLDMVstop containing untranslatable CP gene of PLDMV was also transferred to 'Sunrise' and 'Thailand', the parental cultivars of 'Tainung No. 2'. Among 107 transgenic lines regenerated from 349 root-tip segments, nine lines of Tainung No. 2 carrying YP08 were highly resistant to PRSV and PLDMV, and 9 lines (8 'Sunrise' and 1 'Thailand') carrying PLDMV CP highly resistant to PLDMV, by a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing. The hermaphroditic characteristics of the transgenic lines were confirmed by PCR with sex-linked primers and phenotypes of flower and fruit. Our approach has generated transgenic resistance to both PRSV and PLDMV with commercially desirable characters and can significantly shorten the time-consuming breeding programs for the generation of elite cultivars of papaya hybrids.
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Kung YJ, Bau HJ, Wu YL, Huang CH, Chen TM, Yeh SD. Generation of transgenic papaya with double resistance to Papaya ringspot virus and Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2009; 99:1312-1320. [PMID: 19821736 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-99-11-1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During the field tests of coat protein (CP)-transgenic papaya lines resistant to Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), another Potyvirus sp., Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), appeared as an emerging threat to the transgenic papaya. In this investigation, an untranslatable chimeric construct containing the truncated CP coding region of the PLDMV P-TW-WF isolate and the truncated CP coding region with the complete 3' untranslated region of PRSV YK isolate was transferred into papaya (Carica papaya cv. Thailand) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to generate transgenic plants with resistance to PLDMV and PRSV. Seventy-five transgenic lines were obtained and challenged with PRSV YK or PLDMV P-TW-WF by mechanical inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Thirty-eight transgenic lines showing no symptoms 1 month after inoculation were regarded as highly resistant lines. Southern and Northern analyses revealed that four weakly resistant lines have one or two inserts of the construct and accumulate detectable amounts of transgene transcript, whereas nine resistant lines contain two or three inserts without significant accumulation of transgene transcript. The results indicated that double virus resistance in transgenic lines resulted from double or more copies of the insert through the mechanism of RNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing. Furthermore, three of nine resistant lines showed high levels of resistance to heterologous PRSV strains originating from Hawaii, Thailand, and Mexico. Our transgenic lines have great potential for controlling a number of PRSV strains and PLDMV in Taiwan and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Kung
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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