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Xie WQ, Wang ZY, Xie YG, Hao JJ, Cao XD, Xiang ZY, Lou LP, Ding GH. Integrated biomarker-based ecological risks assessment of tadpole responses to tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, and their combined environmental exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124494. [PMID: 38968982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) are common chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) used in industry. They have been frequently detected together in aquatic environments and associated with various hazardous effects. However, the ecological risks of prolonged exposure to these OPFRs at environmentally relevant concentrations in non-model aquatic organisms remain unexplored. This study investigated the effects of long-term exposure (up to 25 days) to TCEP and TCPP on metamorphosis, hepatic antioxidants, and endocrine function in Polypedates megacephalus tadpoles. Exposure concentrations were set at 3, 30, and 90 μg/L for each substance, conducted independently and in equal-concentration combinations, with a control group included for comparison. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) method developed an optimal linear model for predicting the overall ecological risks of TCEP and TCPP to tadpoles in potential distribution areas of Polypedates species. Results showed that: (1) Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCEP and TCPP elicited variable adverse effects on tadpole metamorphosis time, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression, and endocrine-related gene expression, with their combined exposure exacerbating these effects. (2) The IBR value of TCEP was consistently greater than that of TCPP at each concentration, with an additive effect observed under their combined exposure. (3) The ecological risk of tadpoles exposed to the combined presence of TCEP and TCPP was highest in China's Taihu Lake and Vietnam's Hanoi than in other distribution locations. In summary, prolonged exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCEP and TCPP presents potential ecological risks to amphibian tadpoles, offering insights for the development of policies and strategies to control TCEP and TCPP pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, the methodology employed in establishing the IBR prediction model provides a methodological framework for assessing the overall ecological risks of multiple OPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi-Ge Xie
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia-Jun Hao
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xin-Dan Cao
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zi-Yong Xiang
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Lou
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Ding
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Pascuali N, Scotti L, Oubiña G, de Zúñiga I, Gomez Peña M, Pomilio C, Saravia F, Tesone M, Abramovich D, Parborell F. Platelet-derived growth factor B restores vascular barrier integrity and diminishes permeability in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:585-600. [PMID: 32467982 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although advances in the prediction and management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) have been introduced, complete prevention is not yet possible. Previously, we and other authors have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins (ANGPTs) and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in OHSS etiology. In addition, we have demonstrated that ovarian protein levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligands -B and -D decrease in an OHSS rat model, whilst PDGFR-β and ANGPT2 remain unchanged. In the present work, we investigated the role of PDGF-B in OHSS by evaluating ligand protein levels in follicular fluid (FF) from women at risk of developing OHSS and by using an immature rat model of OHSS. We demonstrated that PDGF-B and PDGF-D are lower in FF from women at risk of developing OHSS compared to control patients (P < 0.05). In the OHSS rat model, PDGF-B (0.5 µg/ovary) administration decreased ovarian weight (P < 0.05), reduced serum progesterone (P < 0.05) and lowered the percentage of cysts (P < 0.05), compared to untreated OHSS rats, but had no effect on the proportion of follicles or corpora lutea (CL). PDGF-B treatment also restored the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (P < 0.05) and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P < 0.01) to control levels. In addition, PDGF-B increased the peri-endothelial cell area in CL and cystic structures, and reduced vascular permeability compared to untreated OHSS ovaries. Lastly, PDGF-B increased the levels of junction proteins claudin-5 (P < 0.05), occludin (P < 0.05) and β-catenin (P < 0.05), while boosting the extracellular deposition of collagen IV surrounding the ovarian vasculature (PP < 0.01), compared to OHSS alone. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PDGF-B could be another crucial mediator in the onset and development of OHSS, which may lead to the development of novel prediction markers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pascuali
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldina Scotti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Oubiña
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Carlos Pomilio
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Saravia
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Tesone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dalhia Abramovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Accialini P, Bechis A, Irusta G, Bianchi MS, Parborell F, Abramovich D, Tesone M. Modulation of the Notch System in Response to Wnt Inhibition Induces Restoration of the Rat Luteal Function. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:503-512. [PMID: 32046463 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Notch pathway is modulated in response to the downregulation of the Wnt/Β-catenin system in corpora lutea (CLs) from superovulated rats. To this end, we analyzed the effect of in vitro CL Wnt/Β-catenin inhibition on the expression of Notch members and on luteal function. Mechanically isolated rat CLs were cultured with ICG-001, a Wnt/B-catenin inhibitor. In this system, Wnt/B-catenin inhibition reduced progesterone production and decreased StAR protein levels. Besides, Wnt/B-catenin inhibition stimulated the Notch system, evidenced by an increase in Hes1 expression, and promoted the expression of selected Notch family members. At long incubation times, StAR levels and progesterone concentration reached the control values, effects probably mediated by the Notch pathway. These results provide the first evidence of a compensatory mechanism between Wnt/B-catenin signaling and the Notch system, which contributes to the homeostasis of luteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Accialini
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Bechis
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Griselda Irusta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Silvia Bianchi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dalhia Abramovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Tesone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Oubiña G, Pascuali N, Scotti L, Di Pietro M, La Spina FA, Buffone MG, Higuera J, Abramovich D, Parborell F. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) modulates ovarian function in mature female mice. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 145:10-18. [PMID: 30500339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
It is known that LLLT has beneficial effects on several pathological conditions including wound healing, pain and inflammation. LLLT modulates biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. In the present study, we examined the effect of local application of LLLT on follicular dynamics, ovarian reserve, AMH expression, progesterone levels, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and reproductive outcome in adult mice. LLLT (200 J/cm2) increased the percentage of primary and preantral follicles, whilst decreasing the percentage of corpora lutea compared to control ovaries. LLLT-treated ovaries did not exhibit any changes regarding the number of primordial follicles. We observed a higher percentage of AMH-positive follicles (in early stages of development) in LLLT-treated ovaries compared to control ovaries. LLLT reduced the P4 concentration and the apoptosis in early antral follicles compared to control ones. LLLT caused a reduction in the endothelial cell area and an increase in the periendothelial cell area in the ovary. Additionally, LLLT was able to improve oocyte quality. Our findings suggest that local application of LLLT modulates follicular dynamics by regulating apoptosis and the vascular stability in mouse ovary. In conclusion, these data indicate that LLLT might become a novel and useful tool in the treatment of several pathologies, including female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Oubiña
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pascuali
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldina Scotti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Di Pietro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florenza A La Spina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano G Buffone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Dalhia Abramovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Treatment with the synthetic PPARG ligand pioglitazone ameliorates early ovarian alterations induced by dehydroepiandrosterone in prepubertal rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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6
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Massillo C, Dalton GN, Porretti J, Scalise GD, Farré PL, Piccioni F, Secchiari F, Pascuali N, Clyne C, Gardner K, De Luca P, De Siervi A. CTBP1/CYP19A1/estradiol axis together with adipose tissue impacts over prostate cancer growth associated to metabolic syndrome. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1115-1127. [PMID: 30152543 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MeS) increases prostate cancer (PCa) risk and aggressiveness. C-terminal binding protein 1 (CTBP1) is a transcriptional co-repressor of tumor suppressor genes that is activated by low NAD+ /NADH ratio. Previously, our group established a MeS and PCa mice model that identified CTBP1 as a novel link associating both diseases. We found that CTBP1 controls the transcription of aromatase (CYP19A1), a key enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens. The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism that explains CTBP1 as a link between MeS and PCa based on CYP19A1 and estrogen synthesis regulation using PCa cell lines, MeS/PCa mice and adipose co-culture systems. We found that CTBP1 and E1A binding protein p300 (EP300) bind to CYP19A1 promoter and downregulate its expression in PC3 cells. Estradiol, through estrogen receptor beta, released CTBP1 from CYP19A1 promoter triggering its transcription and modulating PCa cell proliferation. We generated NSG and C57BL/6J MeS mice by chronically feeding animals with high fat diet. In the NSG model, CTBP1 depleted PCa xenografts showed an increase in CYP19A1 expression with subsequent increment in intratumor estradiol concentrations. Additionally, in C57BL/6J mice, MeS induced hypertrophy, hyperplasia and inflammation of the white adipose tissue, which leads to a proinflammatory phenotype and increased serum estradiol concentration. Thus, MeS increased PCa growth and Ctbp1, Fabp4 and IL-6 expression levels. These results describe, for the first time, a novel CTBP1/CYP19A1/Estradiol axis that explains, in part, the mechanism for prostate tumor growth increase by MeS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Massillo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Nicolás Dalton
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Porretti
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Daniela Scalise
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Lucía Farré
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Piccioni
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Secchiari
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pascuali
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Fisiopatología del Ovario, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Colin Clyne
- Cancer Drug Discovery Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Gardner
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Paola De Luca
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana De Siervi
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Accialini P, Irusta G, Bechis A, Bas D, Parborell F, Abramovich D, Tesone M. Tankyrase inhibition regulates corpus luteum development and luteal function in gonadotropin-treated rats. Mol Reprod Dev 2017. [PMID: 28628258 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tankyrases are physiological regulators of Axin, a protein involved in several cellular processes, including Wnt signaling. Here, we investigated the effect of a specific Tankyrase inhibitor (XAV939) in follicular-luteal dynamics, and its possible relationship with ovarian vascular development. Studies were designed to analyze the effect of intrabursa administration of XAV939 in gonadotropin-treated prepubertal rats. In particular, we examined follicle and corpus luteum development, steroidogenesis, angiogenic markers, and apoptotic parameters. We found that in vivo inhibition of Wnt signaling impaired corpus luteum development, with a decrease in the number of corpora lutea balanced by a high number of cysts; decreased circulating progesterone levels, likely due to a decrease in Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein content in the corpus luteum; and increased pro-apoptotic parameters. In addition, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, Vascular endothelium growth factor 120 content, and endothelial cell area were diminished in corpora lutea of inhibitor-treated ovaries. Thus, Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to participate in the regulation of corpus luteum development and luteal cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Accialini
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Griselda Irusta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Bechis
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Quıímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana Bas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dalhia Abramovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Tesone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Quıímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Di Pietro M, Pascuali N, Scotti L, Irusta G, Bas D, May M, Tesone M, Abramovich D, Parborell F. In vivo intrabursal administration of bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate enhances vascular integrity in a rat model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:417-427. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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9
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Stocco DM, Selvaraj V. Yet Another Scenario in the Regulation of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (STAR) Protein Gene. Endocrinology 2017; 158:235-238. [PMID: 28430922 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Stocco
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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10
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Zhang C, Peng S, Wu B, Jiang H, Li X, Li G, Wang J. Role of P2X 7on steroid synthesis in murine luteal cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1115738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Pascuali N, Scotti L, Abramovich D, Irusta G, Di Pietro M, Bas D, Tesone M, Parborell F. Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor affects follicular development and ovarian proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in prepubertal eCG-treated rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:148-58. [PMID: 25937181 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) system is crucial for blood vessel stability. In the present study, we evaluated whether PDGFs play a critical intraovarian survival role in gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis. We examined the effect of intrabursal administration of a selective platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor (AG1295) on follicular development, proliferation, apoptosis and blood vessel formation and stability in ovaries from rats treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). The percentages of preantral follicles (PAFs) and early antral follicles (EAFs) were lower in AG1295-treated ovaries than in control ovaries (p < 0.01-0.05). The percentage of atretic follicles (AtrFs) increased in AG1295-treated ovaries compared to control (p < 0.05). The ovarian weight and estradiol concentrations were lower in AG1295-treated ovaries than in the control group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), whereas progesterone concentrations did not change. AG1295 decreased the proliferation index in EAFs (p < 0.05) and increased the percentage of nuclei positive for cleaved caspase-3 and apoptotic DNA fragmentation (p < 0.01-0.05). AG1295 increased the expression of Bax (p < 0.05) without changes in the expression of Bcl-2 protein. AG1295-treated ovaries increased the cleavage of caspase-8 (p < 0.05) and decreased AKT and BAD phosphorylation compared with control ovaries (p < 0.05). AG1295 caused a decrease not only in the endothelial cell area but also in the area of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the ovary (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the local inhibition of PDGFs causes an increase in ovarian apoptosis through an imbalance in the ratio of antiapoptotic to proapoptotic proteins, thus leading a larger number of follicles to atresia. PDGFs could exert their mechanism of action through an autocrine/paracrine effect on granulosa and theca cells mediated by PDGFRs. In conclusion, these data clearly indicate that the PDGF system is necessary for follicular development induced by gonadotropins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pascuali
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldina Scotti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dalhia Abramovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Griselda Irusta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Di Pietro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana Bas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Tesone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Wang J, Liu S, Peng L, Dong Q, Bao R, Lv Q, Tang M, Hu C, Li G, Liang S, Zhang C. Notch Signaling Pathway Regulates Progesterone Secretion in Murine Luteal Cells. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:1243-51. [PMID: 25701842 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115572480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which involves in various cell life activities. Other studies and our report showed that the Notch signaling plays very important role in follicle development in mammalian ovaries. In luteal cells, Notch ligand, delta-like ligand 4, is involved in normal luteal vasculature. In this study, murine luteal cells were cultured in vitro and treated with Notch signaling inhibitors, L-658,458 and N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycinet-butyl ester (DAPT). We found that L-658,458 and DAPT treatment decrease basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated progesterone secretion. On the contrary, overexpression of intracellular domain of Notch3 increased basal and hCG-stimulated progesterone secretion. Further studies demonstrated that Notch signaling regulated the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and CYP11A, 2 key enzymes for progesterone synthesis. In conclusion, Notch signaling plays important role in regulating progesterone secretion in murine luteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichao Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Dong
- Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Riqiang Bao
- Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiulan Lv
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Accialini P, Hernández SF, Bas D, Pazos MC, Irusta G, Abramovich D, Tesone M. A link between Notch and progesterone maintains the functionality of the rat corpus luteum. Reproduction 2015; 149:1-10. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the interaction between the Notch pathway and progesterone to maintain the functionality of the corpus luteum (CL). When Notch signaling is activated, the γ-secretase complex releases the active intracellular domains (NICD) of their receptors, which exert survival effects. We designed studies to analyze whether thein vitroinhibition of Notch affects progesterone production, steroidogenic regulators, apoptotic parameters, and signaling transduction pathways in the cultures of CL isolated from pregnant and superovulated rats. We detected a decrease in progesterone production when corpora lutea (CL) were incubated withN-(N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl))-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), a γ-secretase inhibitor. This effect could be in part due to the decrease detected in the CL protein levels of P450scc because STAR and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were not affected by Notch inhibition. Besides, the addition of aminoglutethimide to the CL culture medium decreased NICD of NOTCH1. We observed an increase in the expression of active CASPASE3 (CASP3) after inhibition by Notch, which was reversed by the presence of progesterone. The BAX:BCLXLratio was increased in CL treated with DAPT and the presence of progesterone reversed this effect. In addition, phosphorylation of AKT was inhibited in CL treated with DAPT, but had no effect on ERK activation. To demonstrate that the action of DAPT is specifically related with the inhibition of Notch, CLs were incubated with DLL4 antibody and a decrease in progesterone production was detected. These results suggest the existence of a novel link between progesterone and the Notch signaling pathway to maintain the functionality of the CL.
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14
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Scotti L, Abramovich D, Pascuali N, Irusta G, Meresman G, Tesone M, Parborell F. Local VEGF inhibition prevents ovarian alterations associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:392-401. [PMID: 25151950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between human chorionic gonadotropin and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is partially mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of VEGF inhibition on the development of corpora lutea (CL) and cystic structures, steroidogenesis, apoptosis, cell proliferation, endothelial cell area, VEGF receptors (KDR and Flt-1), claudin-5 and occludin levels in ovaries from an OHSS rat model. The VEGF inhibitor used (VEGF receptor-1 (FLT-1)/Fc chimera, TRAP) decreased the concentrations of progesterone and estradiol as well as the percentage of CL and cystic structures in OHSS rats, and increased apoptosis in CL. Endothelial cell area in CL and KDR expression and its phosphorylation were increased, whereas claudin-5 and occludin levels were decreased in the OHSS compared to the control TRAP reversed these parameters. Our findings indicate that VEGF inhibition prevents the early onset of OHSS and decreases its severity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldina Scotti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dalhia Abramovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pascuali
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Griselda Irusta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Meresman
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Tesone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Shi K, He F, Yuan X, Zhao Y, Deng X, Hu X, Li N. Genome-scale gene expression characteristics define the follicular initiation and developmental rules during folliculogenesis. Mamm Genome 2013; 24:266-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-013-9461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Daneri C, Orozco AV, Bronzi D, Mohn C, Rastrilla AM, Sosa ZY. Involvement of the ganglion cholinergic receptors in gonadotropin-releasing hormone, catecholamines, and progesterone release in the rat ovary. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:2062-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Loreti N, Fresno C, Barrera D, Andreone L, Albarran SL, Fernandez EA, Larrea F, Campo S. The glycan structure in recombinant human FSH affects endocrine activity and global gene expression in human granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 366:68-80. [PMID: 23261981 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the biological response to different recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) glycosylation variants on the endocrine activity and gene expression at whole-genome scale in human granulosa-like tumor cell line, KGN. The effects of differences in rhFSH sialylation and oligosaccharide complexity were determined on steroid hormone and inhibin production. A microarray approach was used to explore gene expression patterns induced by rhFSH glycosylation variants. Set enrichment analysis revealed that hormone sialylation and oligosaccharide complexity in rhFSH differentially affected the expression of genes involved in essential biological processes and molecular functions of KGN cells. The relevance of rhFSH oligosaccharide structure on steroidogenesis was confirmed assessing gene expression by real time-PCR. The results demonstrate that FSH oligosaccharide structure affects expression of genes encoding proteins, growth factors and hormones essential for granulosa cells function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth Loreti
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas (CEDIE/CONICET), Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo No. 1330, C1425EFB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Abramovich D, Irusta G, Bas D, Cataldi NI, Parborell F, Tesone M. Angiopoietins/TIE2 system and VEGF are involved in ovarian function in a DHEA rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3446-56. [PMID: 22577112 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological pathology among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by anovulation, oligo- or amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance. PCOS patients present with elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum and follicular fluid. In this study, we examined the ovarian expression of angiopoietins (ANGPT) and their receptor tyrosine kinase receptor (TIE2), involved in the stabilization of blood vessels, in a rat model of dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS. We also analyzed the effect of ovarian VEGF inhibition on ANGPT/TIE2, follicular development, and vascular stability. VEGF levels were increased in the PCOS ovaries, whereas the levels of its receptor fetal liver kinase-1 were decreased. In addition, the periendothelial cell area and the ANGPT1 to ANGPT2 ratio in the ovary were increased in the PCOS group. Percentage of primary follicles was increased and the percentage of preantral follicles and corpora lutea was decreased in the PCOS group. VEGF inhibition decreased the percentage of primary follicles close to control values. Interestingly, despite the presence of cysts in the ovaries from VEGF inhibitor-treated PCOS rats, its percentage was lower than the PCOS group without treatment. In summary, this study describes an alteration not only in the VEGF/fetal liver kinase-1 system but also in the ANGPT/TIE2 system in a dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS rat model. This leads to an increase in periendothelial cell recruitment. We also demonstrated that ovarian VEGF inhibition can partially restore the accumulation of small follicles in PCOS rats and reduces cyst formation, improving ovulation and follicular development. Therefore, the inhibition of VEGF could be considered, in addition to other currently applied treatments, as a new strategy to be studied in PCOS patients to restore ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalhia Abramovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Cetin Y, Alkis I, Sendag S, Ragbetli M, Akyol V, Ucar O, Wehrend A. Long-Term Effect of Deslorelin Implant on Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles and Uterine Histology in Female Rats. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:195-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Parborell F, Abramovich D, Irusta G, Tesone M. Angiopoietin 1 reduces rat follicular atresia mediated by apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 343:79-87. [PMID: 21704119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the local inhibition of ANGPT1 on steroid production, proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian follicular cells and on the PI3K/AKT pathway. We also examined the effect of ANGPTs on follicular cell apoptosis and proliferation in early antral follicles (EAFs) in culture. Follicular cells expressing PCNA decreased after ANGPT1 Ab treatment. Moreover, ANGPT1 inhibition increased the levels of active caspase 3 and androsterone, but decreased estradiol, AKT phosphorylation and the area of smooth muscle cell actin. In cultured EAFs from prepubertal rats treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), ANGPT1 increased PCNA and decreased apoptosis while ANGPT2 reversed these effects. These results show that ANGPT1 alters steroidogenesis, reduces ovarian apoptosis, and stimulates cell proliferation in antral follicles. ANGPT1 may exert these roles by regulating ovarian vascular stability and/or by a direct effect on follicular cells, possibly involving the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Breininger E, Descalzo A, Rossetti L, Abramovich D, Beconi MT. Boar sperm functionality is related to α-tocopherol content after freezing-thawing. Andrologia 2011; 43:409-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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22
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Scotti L, Irusta G, Abramovich D, Tesone M, Parborell F. Administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist affects corpus luteum vascular stability and development and induces luteal apoptosis in a rat model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 335:116-25. [PMID: 21238536 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a complication of ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins followed by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to trigger the final steps of oocyte maturation. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are thought to be effective in preventing this complication and a clinical trial has found a lower incidence of OHSS in patients treated with these molecules. Our aim was to analyze the in vivo effect of a GnRH-I agonist on corpus luteum development and regression, ANGPT-1, ANGPT-2 and Tie-2 protein expression and luteal blood vessel stabilization, the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and the cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and cell proliferation, in ovaries from an OHSS rat model. To this end immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were hyperstimulated and treated with a GnRH-I agonist from the start of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) administration until the day of hCG injection for 5 consecutive days. Blood and tissue samples were collected 48h after hCG injection. Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF levels were evaluated in the peritoneal fluid by ELISA. Serum progesterone and estradiol were measured by RIA. Histological features of sectioned ovaries were assessed in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides. Luteal blood vessel stability, cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry for SMCA, PCNA, and TUNEL, respectively. P450scc, StAR, FLK-1, ANGPT-1, ANGPT-2, Tie-2 and PCNA protein levels were evaluated by Western blot from dissected corpora lutea (CL). The treatment with the GnRH-I agonist significantly decreased serum progesterone and estradiol levels as well as P450scc and StAR protein expression in the untreated OHSS group. In addition, the agonist significantly decreased the number of CL in the OHSS group, as compared with the untreated OHSS group. In the OHSS group, the area of periendothelial cells in the CL was larger than that of the control group. However, the treatment with the GnRH-I agonist significantly reduced the area of periendothelial cells in the CL in the OHSS group. The luteal levels of ANGPT-1 and its receptor Tie-2 significantly increased in the OHSS group when compared with the control group. Conversely, the administration of the GnRH-I agonist significantly decreased the levels of these factors in the CL from the OHSS group, as compared with the untreated OHSS group. In addition, the treatment with the GnRH-I agonist reduced the diameter of CL and decreased CL cell proliferation as compared with that observed in the untreated OHSS group. Finally, the GnRH-I agonist increased apoptosis in the CL from the OHSS group. In conclusion, these results show that GnRH-I agonist exerts diverse actions on the CL from a rat OHSS model. The decrease in P450scc, StAR, ANGPT-1 and Tie-2 expression, blood vessel stability and luteal proliferation leads to CL regression in the ovaries from OHSS rats. Moreover, our results suggest that the downregulation of ANGPT-1 and its receptor is a possible mechanism whereby GnRH-I agonists could prevent early OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldina Scotti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental--CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Altered expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in follicles within dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovaries in rats. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:423-9. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Faut M, Elia EM, Parborell F, Cugnata NM, Tesone M, Motta AB. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and early folliculogenesis during an acute hyperandrogenism condition. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:333-7. [PMID: 20813360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute hyperandrogenism decreases serum P levels and induces early apoptosis of antral follicles by a mechanism mediated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma system and independent of the steroidogenic acute regulator protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Faut
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Hernandez F, Peluffo MC, Stouffer RL, Irusta G, Tesone M. Role of the DLL4-NOTCH system in PGF2alpha-induced luteolysis in the pregnant rat. Biol Reprod 2011; 84:859-65. [PMID: 21209419 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.088708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression and cell localization of NOTCH1, NOTCH4, and the delta-like ligand DLL4 in corpus luteum (CL) from pregnant rats during prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha)-induced luteolysis. We also examined serum progesterone (P(4)) and CL proteins related to apoptosis after local administration of the notch inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT). Specific staining for NOTCH1 and NOTCH4 receptors was detected predominantly in large and small luteal cells. Furthermore, in line with the fact that the notch intracellular domain is translocated to the nucleus, where it regulates gene expression, staining was evident in the nuclei of luteal cells. In addition, we detected diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining for DLL4 in small and large luteal cells, in accordance with the fact that DLL4 undergoes proteolytic degradation after receptor binding. The mRNA expression of Notch1, Notch4, and Dll4 in CL isolated on Day 19 of pregnancy decreased significantly after administration of PGF2alpha. Consistent with the mRNA results, administration of PGF2alpha to pregnant rats on Day 19 of pregnancy decreased the protein fragment corresponding to the cleaved forms of NOTCH1/4 CL receptors. In contrast, no significant changes were detected in protein levels for the ligand DLL4. The local intrabursal administration of DAPT decreased serum P(4) levels and increased luteal levels of active caspase 3 and the BAX:BCL2 ratio 24 h after the treatment. These results support a luteotropic role for notch signaling to promote luteal cell viability and steroidogenesis, and they suggest that the luteolytic hormone PGF2alpha may act in part by reducing the expression of some notch system members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hernandez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Singh P, Krishna A. Effects of GnRH agonist treatment on steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovary of cyclic mice. J Ovarian Res 2010; 3:26. [PMID: 21083942 PMCID: PMC2998501 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-3-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GnRH analogs (both agonist and antagonist) have been extensively used for clinical applications, following the discovery of its direct effects on ovary. With regard to the direct actions of GnRH agonist on ovary, conflicting data are reported. The mechanism through which GnRH agonist affect gonadal functions is still obscure. The aim of present study was thus to investigate the effects of treatment with different doses of GnRH agonist, in vivo and in vitro, on morphological, physiological and functional changes in the ovary of cyclic mice. Methods To find out the effect of GnRH agonist on ovarian activity, cyclic mice were treated with different doses for 8 days and its effect on folliculogenesis (morphological changes in follicle, Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor), steroidogenesis (circulating progesterone level, StAR, LH-receptor, 3β-HSD), luteinization (Morphology of corpus luteum) and apoptosis (caspase-3, PARP) were observed. To find the in vitro effects of GnRH agonist with or without LH on ovary of mice, changes in the expression of LH-receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, 3β-HSD in the ovary and progesterone level in the culture media were investigated. Results GnRH agonist treatment produced significant changes in ovarian mass, circulating steroids level and ovarian follicular development, steroidogenesis and apoptosis in the mice. GnRH agonist also caused dose dependent histological changes in follicular development and luteinization. The mice treated with different doses of GnRH agonist showed biphasic effects on steroid synthesis due to its effects on ovarian expression of LH-receptor, StAR, and 3β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase proteins. The high dose showed stimulatory effect, whereas pharmacological dose showed inhibitory effect on ovarian follicular development and steroidogenesis. The in vitro study generally showed inhibitory effects of GnRH agonist on ovarian activities, which may be reversed by the presence of LH. Conclusion Both inhibitory and stimulatory effects found in the present study suggest that GnRH agonist is a versatile tool in the therapy of a variety of gynecological and non-gynecological conditions. This study suggests that the outcome of direct effect of GnRH-ag on ovary depends on LH-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmasana Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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27
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Grindflek E, Berget I, Moe M, Oeth P, Lien S. Transcript profiling of candidate genes in testis of pigs exhibiting large differences in androstenone levels. BMC Genet 2010; 11:4. [PMID: 20100319 PMCID: PMC2823645 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boar taint is an unpleasant odor and flavor of the meat and occurs in a high proportion of uncastrated male pigs. Androstenone, a steroid produced in testis and acting as a sex pheromone regulating reproductive function in female pigs, is one of the main compounds responsible for boar taint. The primary goal of the present investigation was to determine the differential gene expression of selected candidate genes related to levels of androstenone in pigs. RESULTS Altogether 2560 boars from the Norwegian Landrace and Duroc populations were included in this study. Testicle samples from the 192 boars with most extreme high or low levels of androstenone in fat were used for RNA extraction, and 15 candidate genes were selected and analyzed by real-competitive PCR analysis. The genes Cytochrome P450 c17 (CYP17A1), Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 (AKR1C4), Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family member 4 (DHRS4), Ferritin light polypeptide (FTL), Sulfotransferase family 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone-preferring member 1 (SULT2A1), Cytochrome P450 subfamily XIA polypeptide 1 (CYP11A1), Cytochrome b5 (CYB5A), and 17-beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase IV (HSD17B4) were all found to be significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated in high androstenone boars in both Duroc and Landrace. Furthermore, Cytochrome P450 c19A2 (CYP19A2) was down-regulated and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) was up-regulated in high-androstenone Duroc boars only, while CYP21 was significantly down-regulated (2.5) in high-androstenone Landrace only. The genes Nuclear Receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4), Sphingomyrlin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) were not significantly differentially expressed in any breeds. Additionally, association studies were performed for the genes with one or more detected SNPs. Association between SNP and androstenone level was observed in CYB5A only, suggesting cis-regulation of the differential transcription in this gene. CONCLUSION A large pig material of highly extreme androstenone levels is investigated. The current study contributes to the knowledge about which genes that is differentially expressed regard to the levels of androstenone in pigs. Results in this paper suggest that several genes are important in the regulation of androstenone level in boars and warrant further evaluation of the above mentioned candidate genes, including analyses in different breeds, identification of causal mutations and possible gene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Grindflek
- NORSVIN, The Norwegian Pig Breeders Association, Hamar, Norway.
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28
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Hernandez F, Peluffo MC, Bas D, Stouffer RL, Tesone M. Local effects of the sphingosine 1-phosphate on prostaglandin F2alpha-induced luteolysis in the pregnant rat. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 76:1153-64. [PMID: 19645054 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since the regression of the corpus luteum (CL) occurs via a tightly controlled apoptotic process, studies were designed to determine if local administration of the antiapoptotic agent sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) effectively blocks the luteolytic action of prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF-2alpha). On day 19 of pregnancy, 2 hr before systemic PGF-2alpha administration, rats were injected intrabursa with either S1P or vehicle (control). The activity of four caspases, which contribute to the initial (caspase-2, -8, and -9) and final (caspase-3) events in apoptosis was measured in pooled CL from four individual ovaries at 0 and 4 hr after PGF-2alpha injection. The expression of the phosphorylated form of AKT (pAKT) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was analyzed by ELISA. In addition, cell death was evaluated by electronic microscopy (EM) in CL 4 and 36 hr after PGF-2alpha injection. The activity of caspase-2, -3, and -8 was significantly greater by 4 hr after PGF-2alpha, but not caspase-9 activity. In contrast, expression of pAKT and TNF-alpha decreased significantly. Administration of S1P suppressed (P < 0.05) these effects, decreasing caspase activities and increasing pAKT and TNF-alpha expression. The administration of S1P also significantly decreased the percentage of luteal apoptotic cells induced by PGF-2alpha. PGF-2alpha treatment increased the prevalence of luteal cells with advanced signs of apoptosis (i.e., multiple nuclear fragments, chromatin condensation, or apoptotic bodies). S1P treatment suppressed these changes and increased the blood vessel density. These results suggest that S1P blocks the luteolytic effect of the PGF-2alpha by decreasing caspase-2, -3, and -8 activities and increasing AKT phosphorylation and TNF-alpha expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hernandez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Parada-Bustamante A, Orihuela PA, Ríos M, Cuevas CA, Oróstica ML, Velásquez LA, Villalón MJ, Croxatto HB. A non-genomic signaling pathway shut down by mating changes the estradiol-induced gene expression profile in the rat oviduct. Reproduction 2009; 139:631-44. [PMID: 20032209 DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol (E(2)) accelerates oviductal egg transport through intraoviductal non-genomic pathways in unmated rats and through genomic pathways in mated rats. This shift in pathways has been designated as intracellular path shifting (IPS), and represents a novel and hitherto unrecognized effect of mating on the female reproductive tract. We had reported previously that IPS involves shutting down the E(2) non-genomic pathway up- and downstream of 2-methoxyestradiol. Here, we evaluated whether IPS involves changes in the genomic pathway too. Using microarray analysis, we found that a common group of genes changed its expression in response to E(2) in unmated and mated rats, indicating that an E(2) genomic signaling pathway is present before and after mating; however, a group of genes decreased its expression only in mated rats and another group of genes increased its expression only in unmated rats. We evaluated the possibility that this difference is a consequence of an E(2) non-genomic signaling pathway present in unmated rats, but not in mated rats. Mating shuts down this E(2) non-genomic signaling pathway up- and downstream of cAMP production. The Star level is increased by E(2) in unmated rats, but not in mated rats. This is blocked by the antagonist of estrogen receptor ICI 182 780, the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536, and the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, OR 486. These results indicate that the E(2)-induced gene expression profile in the rat oviduct differs before and after mating, and this difference is probably mediated by an E(2) non-genomic signaling pathway operating on gene expression only in unmated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Parada-Bustamante
- Unidad de Reproducción y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331010 Santiago, Chile
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YaQin Mo, Ping Peng, Ran Zhou, ZuanYu He, LiLi Huang, DongZi Yang. Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor-I Expression in the Pituitary and Ovary by a GnRH Agonist and Antagonist. Reprod Sci 2009; 17:68-77. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719109348026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YaQin Mo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Peng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General hospital of Guangzhou Military Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - ZuanYu He
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - LiLi Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - DongZi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
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Peluffo MC, Stouffer RL, Tesone M. Activity and expression of different members of the caspase family in the rat corpus luteum during pregnancy and postpartum. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E1215-23. [PMID: 17726144 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00261.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies were designed to examine the expression and activity of four caspases that contribute to the initial (caspases-2, -8, and -9) and final (caspase-3) events in apoptosis in the rat corpus luteum (CL) during pregnancy (days 7, 17, 19, and 21 of gestation), postpartum (days 1 and 4), and after injection (0, 8, 16, 24, and 36 h) of the physiological luteolysin PGF2alpha. In addition, the temporal relationship of caspase expression/activity relative to steroid production and luteal regression was evaluated. During pregnancy, the activity of all four caspases was significantly greater on day 19, before a decline in CL progesterone (P) and CYP11A1 levels at day 21 of gestation. The levels of the caspase-3 active fragment (p17, measured by Western blot) also increased at days 19 and 21 of pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analyses detected specific staining for the caspases in luteal cells (large and small) as well as in endothelial cells. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells did not increase in the CL until postpartum. Following PGF2alpha injection, there was a significant decrease in CL P by 24 h, although the activity of all four caspases did not increase until 36 h posttreatment. The active p17 fragment of caspase-3 also significantly increased at 36 h post-PGF2alpha. These results suggest that an increase in the activity of caspases-2, -8, -9, and -3 is associated with the early events of natural luteolysis at the end of pregnancy. Also, the exogenous administration of the luteolysin PGF2alpha may regulate members of the caspase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Peluffo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental IBYME-CONICET Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Singh P, Krishna A, Sridaran R. Localization of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone I, bradykinin and their receptors in the ovaries of non-mammalian vertebrates. Reproduction 2007; 133:969-81. [PMID: 17616726 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
GnRH I and its receptors have been demonstrated in the ovaries of various vertebrates, but their physiological significance in reproductive cascade is fragmentary. Bradykinin is a potent GnRH stimulator in the hypothalamus. In the present study, the presence of GnRH I and its receptor, and bradykinin and its receptor in the ovaries of non-mammalian vertebrates were investigated to understand their physiological significance. GnRH I immunoreactivity in the ovaries of fish, frog, reptile and bird were mainly found in the oocyte of early growing follicles and granulosa cells and theca cells of previtellogenic follicles. Vitellogenic follicles showed mild GnRH immunoreactivity. GnRH I-receptor and bradykinin were localized in the same cell types of the ovaries of these vertebrates. The presence of GnRH I, GnRH I-receptor and bradykinin in the ovaries of these vertebrates was confirmed by immunoblotting. The presence of GnRH I mRNA was demonstrated in the ovary of vertebrates using RT-PCR. The ovaries of reptiles and birds showed significantly higher intensity of immunoreactivity for GnRH I-receptor as compared with the fish and amphibian. This may have a correlation with the higher yolk content in the ovary of reptile and bird. These results suggest the possibility of GnRH I and bradykinin as important regulators of follicular development and vitellogenesis in the vertebrate ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmasana Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Irusta G, Parborell F, Tesone M. Inhibition of cytochrome P-450 C17 enzyme by a GnRH agonist in ovarian follicles from gonadotropin-stimulated rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E1456-64. [PMID: 17468395 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00226.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to study the direct action of a GnRH-I agonist, leuprolide acetate (LA), on ovarian steroidogenesis in preovulatory follicles obtained from equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)-treated rats. Previously, we have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of LA on steroidogenesis and follicular development. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) exerts its negative effect on follicular development by inhibiting thecal cytochrome P-450 C17 (P450C17) alpha-hydroxylase expression and, consequently, androgen synthesis. Studies were carried out in prepubertal female rats injected with either eCG (control) or eCG plus LA (LA) and killed at different time points. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that LA induced steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression mainly in theca cells of preantral and antral follicles. In addition, serum progesterone levels increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas those of androsterone decreased (P < 0.05) after 8 h of LA treatment. This inhibition caused by LA seemed to be a consequence of the decreased expression of follicular P450C17 alpha-hydroxylase, as demonstrated by Western blot and RT-PCR techniques. In vitro studies using follicles isolated from 48-h-eCG-treated rats and cultured with LA showed a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of FSH-induced androsterone follicular content as well as P450C17 alpha-hydroxylase protein levels, as determined by Western analysis. However, LA increased StAR protein expression in these follicles without significant changes in P450scc enzyme levels. Taking all these findings into account, we suggest that GnRH-I exerts a direct inhibitory action on gonadotropin-induced follicular development by decreasing the temporal expression of the P450C17 enzyme and, consequently, androgen production, thus reducing the supply of estrogens available to developing follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Irusta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Lin P, Jia X, Zou Z. Ribosomal protein L24 is differentially expressed in ovary and testis of the marine shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 147:466-74. [PMID: 17462931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 02/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify genes involved in oogenesis in shrimp, an ovarian cDNA library of Marsupenaeus japonicus was screened using a suppression-subtraction hybridization (SSH)-enriched probe. More than 20 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes between the ovary and the testis. Unexpectedly, one of these genes is a ribosomal protein that is normally considered a housekeeping gene. Northern blot shows that the shrimp ribosomal protein L24 gene (srpl24) is 0.6 kb in length. The expression level of srpl24 in the ovary is much higher than in the testis. Bioinformatics analyses show that srpl24 encodes a protein of 164 aa with a predicted molecular mass of 18.2 kDa, which is a cytoplasmic ribosomal protein. Real time PCR analyses demonstrated that the relative abundance of srpl24 mRNA in the different organs is: ovary >> testis, hepatopancreas, muscle and eye. The highest expression level of srpl24 in the ovary suggests that srpl24 has an important role in oogenesis. It is the first reported rpl24 in crustaceans and is the first reported rpl24 that is differentially expressed between the ovary and the testis in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Aquaculture and Food Safety, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 China
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Vitale AM, Abramovich D, Peluffo MC, Meresman G, Tesone M. Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist on proliferation and apoptosis of human luteinized granulosa cells. Fertil Steril 2006; 85:1064-7. [PMID: 16580402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The GnRH agonist leuprolide acetate (LA) inhibited DNA synthesis in epidermal growth factor-stimulated human granulosa luteinized cell cultures. This effect was blocked by the prior addition of a GnRH antagonist antide (ANT), and this compound per se was able to produce a stimulatory effect of DNA synthesis on basal conditions. Leuprolide acetate produced an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, and when these two factors were co-incubated, ANT blocked the apoptotic effect produced by LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Vitale
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tesone M, Stouffer RL, Borman SM, Hennebold JD, Molskness TA. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Production by the Monkey Corpus Luteum During the Menstrual Cycle: Isoform-Selective Messenger RNA Expression In Vivo and Hypoxia-Regulated Protein Secretion In Vitro1. Biol Reprod 2005; 73:927-34. [PMID: 15987827 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.039875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were designed to investigate the expression and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the primate corpus luteum (CL) throughout the luteal life span in the natural menstrual cycle. Corpora lutea were collected during the early (ECL; Days 3-5 post-LH surge), mid (MCL; Day 6-8 post-LH surge), mid-late (MLCL; Days 10-12 post-LH surge), late (LCL; Days 14-16 post-LH surge), and very late (Days 17- 18 post-LH surge) luteal phase. Specific primers were designed to amplify mRNAs encoding VEGF isoforms 206, 189, 183, 165, 145, and 121. Only two cDNA products were obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends; cloning and sequencing confirmed their 98% homology to the corresponding human VEGF 165 and 121 sequences. Semiquantitative RT-PCR assays indicated that VEGF 165 mRNA levels increased (P < 0.05) from ECL to MLCL but then declined (P < 0.05) by LCL. Although VEGF 121 mRNA levels were limited in ECL, they increased significantly in MCL (P < 0.05). Levels of VEGF protein, as measured by Western blot analysis, were two- to fourfold higher for VEGF 165 versus VEGF 121. Also, VEGF 165 levels were higher (P < 0.05) in ECL and MCL compared to those at later stages. During 2-day culture, preparations of dispersed luteal cells secreted VEGF into the media; the highest levels were observed in ECL and declined (P < 0.05) by LCL. Regardless of luteal stage, hypoxic conditions increased (P < 0.05) VEGF levels, whereas LH exposure increased (P < 0.05) progesterone, but not VEGF, in the media. These results are consistent with a dynamic, local regulation of VEGF production during the life span of the primate CL that is not directly controlled by LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tesone
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
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Manna PR, Huhtaniemi IT, Stocco DM. Detection of hCG Responsive Expression of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein in Mouse Leydig Cells. Biol Proced Online 2004; 6:83-93. [PMID: 15181477 PMCID: PMC420230 DOI: 10.1251/bpo76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, a novel mitochondrial protein, is involved in the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis through its mediation of the intramitochondrial transport of the steroid substrate, cholesterol, to the cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (P450scc) enzyme. The expression of StAR protein is regulated by cAMP-dependent signaling in steroidogenic cells. During the course of our studies in mouse Leydig cells, we employ several methods for studying the regulation of StAR protein expression by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). A sensitive quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized for determining StAR mRNA expression. Stimulation of mLTC-1 mouse Leydig tumor cells with hCG resulted in the coordinate regulation of StAR mRNA expression and progesterone accumulation in a time-response manner. The validity and accuracy of quantitative RT-PCR results in mLTC-1 cells were verified by a competitive PCR approach and were further confirmed in primary cultures of isolated mouse Leydig cells. Immunoblotting studies demonstrated an increase in the levels of the StAR protein in a concentration dependent manner following hCG stimulation in mLTC-1 cells. Northern hybridization analysis revealed three StAR transcripts, all of which were of sufficient size to encode functional StAR protein, and which were coordinately expressed in response to hCG. Collectively, the experimental approaches utilized in the present investigation allow for the demonstration and characterization of hCG mediated regulation of StAR mRNA and StAR protein expression in mouse Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R. Manna
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. Lubbock, Texas 79430. USA
| | | | - Douglas M. Stocco
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. Lubbock, Texas 79430. USA
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Manna PR, Wang XJ, Stocco DM. Involvement of multiple transcription factors in the regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression. Steroids 2003; 68:1125-34. [PMID: 14643873 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2003.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rate-limiting, committed, and regulatable step in steroid hormone biosynthesis is the transport of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, a process that is mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. In steroidogenic cells, the StAR protein is regulated by cAMP-dependent mechanisms. However, the StAR promoter lacks a consensus cAMP response-element (CRE), suggesting the involvement of alternate regulatory factor(s) in cAMP responsiveness. These regulatory elements are found to be located in a transcription factor-binding site-rich region (consisting of approximately 150 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site) of the StAR promoter, and appears to be the most important region in regulating transcription of the StAR gene. The StAR promoter sequences in mouse, rat and human are highly homologous, and in the absence of a canonical CRE, multiple cis-elements have been shown to be instrumental in the regulation of StAR gene expression. Nevertheless, it has become apparent that functional cooperation, interaction, and alteration of different transcription factors are involved in the fine-tuning of the regulatory events associated with StAR gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R Manna
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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